[163]

Sandwich Isd

p 404

Adult

Men Women [demographic calculations]

[164]

Sandwich Isd

p 404 Under 14 years old

Kauai Kaii 1839

Boys Girls [demographic calculations]

Oahu p 1840

[in margin:] Jarves

[Descent 2d ed., p. 257, n98: "This is given in the Rev. H. T. Cheever's 'Life in the Sandwich Islands,' 1851, p. 277.]

(over)

[164v]

Chap. VIII

the women, for I hear from the Rajah C. Brooke, it is a common expression with them, to say "we nearly made water from laughter." The aborigines of Australia express their emotions very plainly and they are described by some of my correspondents, as jumping about and clapping their hands for joy, and as often roaring with laughter. No less than four observers have seen their eyes freely watering on such occasions; and in one instance the tears rolled down their cheeks. Mr. Bulmer, a missionary in a remote part of Victoria remarks, "that they have a keen sense of the ridiculous; they are excellent mimics, and when one of them is able to imitate the peculiarities of some absent member of the tribe, it is very common to hear all in the camp convulsed with laughter." With Europeans, hardly anything excites laughter so easily as mimicry; as it is rather curious to find the same fact with the savages of Australia, which constitute one of the most distinct races in the world. In Southern Africa with two tribes of Kafirs, especially with the women, their eyes have often been seen to fill with tears during laughter, Gaika, the

[165]

Official census of Sandwich Isd

Year

1832 130,313}

1836 108 579 annual decrease per cen} 4.409

1850   78,854 do} 2.259    

1866   58,765 do} 1.821 [insertion:] [illeg] 1/2 castes

1872   51,531          do} 2.128 [insertion:] (do)

Being a decrease of 60.01 per cent in 40 years.

The numbers given on the right are the annual decrease per cent supposing it to have been uniform between the periods at which the population is known.

[Descent 2d ed., p. 186.]

[165v]

[Draft of Expression, Chapter VIII, p. 198.]

[top of page exised]

Expression of joy.—Ludicrous ideas.— Movements of the features during laughter.— Nature of the sound produced.— The secretion of tears during loud laughter — Gradations from loud laughter to gentle smiling.— High spirits.— The expression of love.— Tender feelings.— Devotion.

[166]

(92

of males in the three cases above given. It does not appear that the Tasmanian & Tahitians who practiced infanticide destroyed many more female than male infants, & though no doubt that [percentage] of their women was easy, there was no marked preponderance & that males over the female sex is to recently existing remnant of the Tasmanians, or in the crossed offspring from the Tahitians now inhabiting Norfolk Island.)

(But what are we to say about the excess of males in the civilised Aryan races of Europe, namely in the proportion of between 104.5 and 108.9 to 100 females; & with the Jews between 113 and 120 to 100 females? The proportion of males could allow certainly be higher if still-born children were included? Then Ethnologists who have attended to the subject are convinced that female infanticide with & polyandry was long ago practiced by the Aryan & sensitive nations of Europe & Western Asia, is the same increase as it is now so largely practiced by savages in all parts of the world. Do we still see the misogyny effects of this practice in the most civilised nations, as  

[insertion:] at seen at first possible that to nearly [illeg] as in Europe

[insertion:] may be attributed to the extent something other of the case; probably [4 words illeg]

[insertion:] seeing how [many words illeg]

[166v]

Pop of Sandwich Isd

1823 — 140,000 (Bonwick p. 378) 9 years — 12,000

1823 Jarves (a same estimate) 142,050

1832 (Jarves) 130,313 — Simpson in 1843 says accurate census & gives same number. Jarves published in 1843.

1838 — 108,000 (Bonwick) — (Probably in error)

1836 Jarves 108,579 — (Simpson in 1843 gives the same date & figure)

1849 — 80,000 (Bonwick)

1850 (Cheever published in 1851) gives population for 1850 78,854

1853 71,000 (Bonwick)

1863 — 62,000 Bonwick

Jarves p. 400 cause of [depopulation]

p. 402 families of 3 taxes remitted

p. 407. Mortality decreasing — I [illeg] death [illeg] , but not sterility

It may be that whenever conditions are unfavorable for pop. that more ♂than ♀are produced, but the foregoing facts seem to render it in some deeper [trouble] then we here see the result of ♀ [illeg]

(N.B a cross which gives fertility seem to eliminate the not-producing tendency)

[Descent 2d ed., pp. 186-193.]

[167]

New Z. census Small population of ♀.

p. 24 25 26

30 Disproportion of the sexes expected 1830-1840 & have continued. Evidence of infanticide, chiefly ♀s.

33 — infanticide not common for many years do — but lately ceased.

36 — (do do to quote)

In Hawaii Bonwick The last of the Tasmanians 1870 p 378

There was 1/5 more men than women; the effects of [illeg] , but I do not see how.

i.e. 100 ♂ to 80 ♀

[167v]

New Zealand

no doubt 1852

p. 26 out of 1369 persons. 753 ♂ — 616 ♀

out of whole pop. less [illeg] examined of 56049 31,667 ♂ & 24,303 ♀

p 33 in 1858 55.63 ♂ — 44.37 ♀

p 36 in 1835 infanticide cens

[1858-1835=23]

p. 26 1844 non adult ♂ 281 non adult ♀194.

do in 1858 non adult ♂ 178 non adult ♀142.

[Descent 2d ed., pp. 186-193.]

[168]

[calculations]

[169]

[Draft of Expression, p. 203]

[top of page excised]

retracted by the galvanization of the great zygomatic muscles. That the expression is not natural is clear; for I showed this photograph to 24 persons; of whom three could not in the least tell what was meant whilst the others, though they perceived that the expression was of the nature of a smile; answered in such words as "a wicked joke," "trying to laugh", "grinning laughter," "half amazed laughter" &c. Dr. Duchenne attributes the falseness of the expression entirely to the