[1: front cover]

12 to 1675 [written directly on cover]

Jan. 1832 [missing] 183[4] Geolog [missing] Specimens Nos 12 [to] 1675 [written on paper label glued to cover]

[1: inside front cover]

Albite 93° 50' & 86.10 Hornblende 124° 30' & 55° 30' Augite 87.5 & 92° 55' [these figures are cleavage angles for the three minerals albite, hornlende and augite perhaps copied from Phillips's Elementary introduction to mineralogy (1816) although see Herbert (2005, p. 386, note 34) for an alternative view.

[Foliated 2015 November 17: MS DAR 236.1: ff.1-50 loose & covers, detached. f.30 pinned to f.29 pencil notes initialled by AJP (Adam Perkins)]

1:1r

Jan 17 St Jago Quail Island [see Herbert (2005, figs. 5.5-6) for photographs of these specimens at the Sedgwick Museum]

The following specimens were collected at Quail Island. Jan 17th: near Porto Praya. St Jago

12 Feldspathic rocks forming a horizontal cap for island

13 14 do [specimen 4703 in Harker 1907]

14 15 do

15 16 do [12 to 15 bracketted together and 'Poor specimens' vertically in margin]

17 Next strata remains of old sea coast cemented together the upper parts are rather more friable & finer.

18 The lower bed of (13) resting on cemented sand: Carious

19 do

20 do (sent to Dr Dieffenbach)

21 Upper indurated bed of the white sand in contact with feldspathic rocks

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Quail Fine grained pale coloured

Isld calcareous slight indurated

Sediment muddy sand.

Deposits

(33) & Turbo & Serpula

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Jan 19 1832 St Jago Quail Island

22 Do

L23 Do

24 Do

25 Curious white concretions often becoming pisiform lower bed of white sand

26 do

27 Shells. corals. Echinus. from the grey & lower part the sand

28 do

29 do

30 do

31 do Echinus

32 do Echinus. all its parts in proper place when found

33 Smaller shells.—

34 pebble on sea shore

35 Breccia forming at present day

36 Cementing matter of these breccia

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(47 & legs of a crab. about 30 feet above level of the sea

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Jan 17 1832 St Jago Quail Island

37 Chiefly Arca Ostrea from the lowest & more soily bed of white sand

38 do

39 do

40 do

41 do

42 do

43 do

44 do

45 Voluta & Cardium

46 Turritella. Turbo Mactra

47 Numerous small shell in the white sand

48 Beds beneath the white sand & the foundation of the island. Amygdaloid occasionally. containing in the cavities minute white crystals [specimen 4704 in Harker (1907)]

49 Do [photograph in Pearn 2009, p. 15]

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59 V. Measurement p. 2

18th of Jan:

(67) Aluminous smell

1:4r

Jan 19 1832 St Jago Quail Island

50 do

51 do

L 52 Rock. with crystals of Augite & Olivine (?) in same position as amygdaloid

53 do

54 do

L 55 do

L 56 do

L 57 do

58 These are two are undergoing

59 decomposition

60 Crystalline rocks

L 61 do

62 Cotemporaneous dyke.—

64 Lower Augitic rocks 93° [recl] 92°. 55' [specimen 4705 in Harker (1907)]

65 do (91°. 34'-) (sent to Dieffenbach)

66 do

67 do [specimen 4706 in Harker (1907)]

68 Lower rocks

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Jan 19th

(82) Aluminous smell

(84) Crystals easily fusible with clear green glass

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Jan 19 1832 St Jago Quail Isd

69 Lower rocks. partly decomposed

70 do

71 Upper feldspathic rock

72 The very top [see Pearn 2009, p. 46]

L 73 do

L 74 Indurated sand. S end of Island

75 Modern breccia (of the present day)

76 Cementing matter.—

L 77 The lower and more soily bed of grey sand.— containing great numbers of Turritella

L 78 do

L 79 do

L 81 do

82 The following rock near 2 miles W of Quail Island Upper Series with minute crystals of olivine ['olivine' appears to be scored through in pencil]

83 Dyke in lower series.

84 Bordering rock. with crystals

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(86) Corundum (?) infusible very hard becoming blue with cobalt vitreous Feldspar

89 Matrix arragonite

(103) small scales of mica & hard reddish crystals

(106) fusible Jan 20th

all rocks from 101 — 110 come under or all connected with pap-like hills.—

(a)

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Jan 19th 1832 St Jago (W. of Quail Island)

85 Do

86 various minerals from lower series

87 Do

L 88 Do

89 Conglomerate of amygdaloid in white crystalline...

90 Do

91 Do

92 Do

93 Do

101(a) NW of Port Praya various crystalline rocks forming the more central part of island

Do. 102:103:104:105: [104 may be referred to in the Cape de Verds notebook, p. 25b]

106 A small pap of Feldspathic rock peeping up amongst the above

107 Do rather larger: apparently of more recent formation

108 Do

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Jan 20th

Jan 20th

128. 129. 130. Paplike hills: Jan 24th

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Jan 20 1832. St Jago NW of Quail Island

109 Altered rocks in neighbourhood of the latter. (108) & (107).—

110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. Scoriae from Red Hill 13 600 high easily melting into a black glass [114 is photographed in Pearn 2009, p. 35.]

116. 117.118.119.120. Carb of Lime. with mixture of scoriae

121 Flag Staff hill. NE of Praya mingled in confusion with scoriae

122 do

123 do

124 125: in neighbourhood of F. S[taff] Hill

125 [should be 126] Incrustation. line of former coast.—

?126

?127 126 [should be 127] Table Land. NE of Praya.—

128 129 Central Chain

130 Do with mica

131 Pebble with crystals

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Jan 28th

Feb 2nd

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Jan 25th 1832 St Jago

132 High land near St Martin

133. 134.135.136.137. rock between St Martin & Ribera Grande. surrounding a conical pap of cellular rock.—

146 part of one of the very numerous dykes. that cross & interlace amongst the breccia of Augitic rocks West of Quail Island [specimen 4713 in Harker (1907)]

147 Mica from Do ? Augitic rocks

148 149: 150: 151 Lost : 152 Lost minerals from Do.—

153 Paplike hills round Fuentes lower part

154. 155. rocks composing precipe round St Domingo

156 157. Lowest small concret: rocks 2 miles N. of St. Domingo

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3rd Feb

N by E of Praya. Feb 4th

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Feb 2nd 1832 St Jago

158 Basalt resting on it

159 East coast of Praya.— a break in former line of coast. where the superior bed has descended

Sent to Dr Dieffenbach [J. K. E. Dieffenbach (1811-1855), German geologist.]

160 This rock. where overlying coast becomes a breccia with white base. Carb of Lime

161 162.163 Do Do.—

164 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. Corundum rock. pap like hills composed of Vitreous Feldspar

170 171.172.173. Rocks composing a high hill N by E of Praya

174 175. 176 Lost. 177. 178. 179. 180. Do

181 182. 183. 184. — alternating with foregoing rock on the top of hill.—

194 Concretion from former coast

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------

235 Following rocks collected at St Pauls Feb 16th Lat N. 58' [i.e. just north of the equator]

V. Separate notes

246 Yellow mammillary crystals in cavities??

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1832 St Jago

195 Murex neritoides. modern Breccia Quail Island

224 Arragonite. St Jago near line of former coast

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

235 236.237.238.239.— Serpentine highest part of Island. with Feldspar & Chlorite [St Paul's Rocks; photographs of specimens 239, 242 and 248 are in Pearn (2009, p. 36). See also Tilley (1947).]

240 241. do

242. 243. 244. 245. [Eupholide] or Diallage rock with Mica & Serpentine

246. 247. 248.— Vein or beds of conglomerate. matrix & base of same

249. L 250 L p/i 251. Conglom. in vein with calcareous base

252 L 253. Veins of decomposing vesicular [masses]

L 254 lying on surface of Island

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[page break]

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1832 Fernando Noronha

255 256. 257. 258. Crystals Vitreous Feldspar & hornblende in petrosiliceous base.— from the highest peak in Island

259. 260.— Do of a slaty structure & regular cleavage lower parts.—

261. 262. 263. Basaltic amygdaloid with crystals of Augite forming at dykes near landing place

264 Do. base decomposing. earthy.

265. 266. 267. 268.— Basalt with numerous crystals of Augite & Olivine. collected from fallen masses near do.— the rock is evidently above them

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NB The term gneiss evidently is used here without any exact determination. Pegmatite was very prevalent

326 327 singular the red feldspar is honeycombed as if certain parts had been removed.— layers of quartz in this red feldspar

323 Horblende determined by myself with goniometer [this is referenced by Herbert (2005, p. 386 note 34)]

52° 50' one fragment 125° second frag

March 5th

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1832 Bahia [the rocks listed here are discussed in CUL-DAR32.41-48, figured by Pearson (1996, p. 61)]

Feb 29th Section of coast south of City

310 Primitive greenstone

311 do gradually passing into gneiss

312 313. 314. varieties of gneiss

315 316 Veins of gneiss running through both former rocks

317. do. containing Carb of Lime & Chlorite

318 R Calcareous earthy vein in do.

319 Broad dyke of Hornblende rock [thin sections of 319 and 320 are photographed in Pearson (1996, fig. 7)]

320 ..321. 322. Hornblend rock entangled in the gneiss

x

323 R 324. Surrounding gneiss containing large crystals of hornblende.— & feldspar & quartz

x

326 327. 328. 329. Thick superficial bed of decomposing gneiss

R x

330 R Vein of quartzoze rock left undecomposed & traceable to the proper gneiss

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1832 March Bahia

rounded grains of quartz cemented together

331 R Ferruginous sandstone [over] peninsula on coast SE of Bahia

332 R do scratch glass

333 R 334 ferrug[inous] Jaspery vein in do

335 Jaspery vein in adjacent bed of clay

336 ?? Oxide of Manganese & Iron in do.—

337 338. 339. 340. 341 modern breccia on the coast

342 Corals & shells from do.—

343 R gneiss syenite

granite interlaced in every direction amongst the a fine grained trap. —

344 R In gneiss. a fine grained mixture of Mica Hornblende & Felspar, the feldspar collected into granular balls. giving at distance an appearance of conglomerate

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1832 March Bahia

369 Rock from a more modern formation at Bomfin

370 371. 372: hard fine grained sandstone, containing mica & overlying coal

373 A softer bed.

374 Coal 1/2 inch bed

375 Bed of sandstone in formation of blue clay

376 Soft clayed sandstone (stratified into enormous balls?)

377 Clay Iron-stone? in veins.—

378. 379. 380. 381. 382.— Aluminous calcareous rock in quantity on the beach containing in numbers Planorbis. Melania Lymnaea (Nerita & Cyclas?)

383 Sandstone (same as 375)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1:13v

(a) March 29th

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1832 Abrohlos Islets

396 397. 398. 399. Sandstone cemented by ochreous particles upper beds

400 401 402 403 404 argillaceous slaty beds from which some salt is water exuded (Mur of Lime?)

Lost

405 An inferior & finer sandstone:

406. This curiously weathered by the action of the sea

407 Lost 408 409.— Greenstone in large beds cutting through the sanstone; containing much iron.— colour greyish-green

410 Arborescent (?) covering on the Trap. —

L (not Carb of Lime) in considerable quantities

411 Do.—

L

1:14v

468 [bracketted with '468' on line below] It is a true gneiss. & most beautiful rock

468 Aluminous smell

495 This rock is remarkable from its tough fracture. & absence of all cleavage. is composed of glassy glossy ? mica in small black plates.

irregularly placed garnets (Hornblende ??) The stone when fresh broken. has a very beautiful appearance

471 not to be distinguished from the Abrohlos greenstone.

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1832 May: Rio de Janeiro

467 Mica slate with garnets lowest beds

468 x 469. 470. Mica gneiss . quartz-feldspar. (porpyritic with large lenticular; crystals of do) arranged in plane. containing garnets & lying on & joining it to (467)

471 Rx 472. 473 474. 475; greenstone containing pyrites.compact well crystallised very tough; enormous boulder blocks lying in great quantity on the granites

495.x 496: 497: 498: 499: 500 compact gneiss with garnets forming a small pap amongst the stratified. decomposing gneiss.

m R

521 Specimen of decomposed gneiss forming rounded hill. red colour.—

522 R do white. excessively fine grained. greasy to the touch

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All that can be said is that it is Greenstone Prof Miller

525 I could not here find the dyke or bed.—

526 Neither could I here[.] the enormous strength of the vegetation entirely stops any research out of a beaten path.—

526 This would be I suppose a greenstone abounding with Mica: it must be, a contemporaneous bed like those at Bahia

526 Feldspar glossy. melting under blowpipe.— mica in very small scales. I judge mainly from the smell that the hornblende is present.—

NB Porphyritic gneiss in large crystals from Rio in two others [last two words circled]

∠ 89° 18' again 90° exactly [this sentence written with a finer nib than usual and possibly of post-voyage date]

1:16r

1832 May. Rio de Janeiro

523 R 524. Gneiss, inferior bed & passing into mica slate

525 xR Greenstone. same as 471 &c but from a different site. & in great quantities; the blocks were decomposing in concentric layers

526x 527. 528. Blocks of this rock with a tough cleavage apparently consisting of feldspar mica & hornblende & not decomposing into concentric layers nor any signs of cleavage in any direction

very little or no quartz?

539 inferior mica slate; little mica few garnets; quartz stains in lines by Iron. granular white feldspar

fine laminated gneiss R

540 do

541 R Porphyritic gneiss. crystals large

542 R do. crystals of feldspar containing garnets

543 Junction of the inferior mica slate with porph: gneiss.— two kinds of gneiss kind 539 & common possibly: gneiss

1:16v

544 The quartz is embedded in a white amorphous infusible base; aluminous smell.— can it be altered feldspar. if so it is Leptynite??

The bed is of very considerable thickness.—

547 strong aluminous smell

556 &c Gneiss very little quartz. granular white feldspar. These rocks all look. like M. Slate. sandy feel. Few small garnets, then layers little mica.—

558 &c with occasional layers of quartz

561 like (556) coarser crystals

563 Granite quartz embedded in nearly compact feldspar. very little mica

1:17r

1831 June. Rio de Janeiro

544x 545. 546: siliceous rock in which quartz is abundant arranged in parallel lines. (like pegmatite) occassionally in place of mica

547x Jaspery siliceous rocks. near white impure

548 R do abounding with Iron

549 R nearly pure Quartz These 6 latter specimens are part of a large bed E of Lagoa.

556 Rx Mica slate. with little mica & garnets. alternating with porphyritic gneiss

557 R do.—

558 Rx :559:560:do. gneiss with much mica in dark small plates

562 R Vein of granite. feldspar flesh coloured

563 R vein of same as (544 rock)

1:17v

576 &c Neighbourhood of Tijeuka

608.— Contains in nests oxide of iron

612 R Part of vein ; quartz radiated

613 Heated in blowpipe & pounded. particles strongly attracted by the magnet

608 Granular mixture of q & white earthy feldspar & silvery talc

1:18r

1832 June. Rio de Janeiro

576x R : 577: 578: Granite. fine grained; mica small plate black; feldspar reddish.—

579 R Greenstone: with little pyrite part of numerous large boulders; both Tajeuka.—

603: R 604:605. Porphyritic gneiss. same as (468) prevailing rock

606 R : 607. Mica Gneiss slate. with mica & garnets in rows or bands embedded in gneiss V Geol: (46) [Geological diary, CUL-DAR32.58]

608 Rx : 609: 610: Siliceous rocks with talc like (544) on northern side of Corcovado

611 R :612 x. Quartz. cavernous

613 x impure Quartz jaspery containing much iron- forms large bed in same site on northern side of Corcovado.—

1:18v

625 This rock sends off small veins into the mica slate

622 Often coated by decomposition by yellow substance

648 649. 650. 651. These specimens all come from Rat Island August

625. 626 small elongated crystals of white earthy F. porphyritic in a nearly compact ferruginous base. but 627 almost composed of smaller less perfectly crystal of Feldspar; hence quite white

652 striated appearance finely crystalline. dark green.Hornblende slate slaty chloritic Limestone passing in parts into the nature of a chlorite chloritic slate

very heavy V. next specs :very easily fusible into green-black [illeg]

622 Very heavy black crystals indistinguishable:

1:19r

1832 June Rio de Janeiro

620 R 621. Rather Fine grained dark coloured tough greenstone

dyke cutting through mica slate.

622xx :623.624:do rather coarser grained: in very tough balls.—

625x R: 626: 627: pale green. feldspathic, yet black enamel Rock(?) like those connected with Serpentine also forming same dyke.— in large angular pieces masses.—

628 R Granite. from a large vein. in big crystals

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Monte Video

648x Phyllade (Chloritic schist?)

649x R do fine Hornblende slate like (652) penetrated most curiously by veins of quartz which pierced from Mica slate in which the slate is enclosed

650x R :651. Gneiss, small crystallised. half rotten Mica Slate coarse

652 R .653. 654 Phyllade (Daubuisson) [D'Aubuisson de Voisins (1819). Darwin's copy in CUL is inscribed 'C Darwin HMS Beagle'.]

greenish decomposing forming with mica slate lower part of the Mount

1:19v

659 I was told as a marvellous fact that there were stones on the Mount with rung like bells.—

655 nearly same as 652. crystals larger. Large proportion Hornblende crystals elongated appear placed lengthways

661 White fine granular F greenish mica & very little quartz in patches

682 . blackish green [small diagram showing three horizontal dashes stacked as in a 'hamburger'] minute elongated needles of Hornblende can be distinguished fine grained. very compact rock. very heavy. straight even fracture

1:20r

1832 Monte Video August

655x RHornblendic slate occurring near the last & mica slate

656 Rx 657. Slate. near summit of Mount passing. with fine slaty greenstone conchoidal fracture

658 R do sonorous. conchoidal fracture

659x 660. Summit of Mount. Fine Greenstone. tough. more coarsely crystallized highly sonorous. little slaty; in large more compact masses.—

661x R662. Hyalomictite. Mica rather abundant in the specimens few crystals of feldspar: occurring in large projecting masses

quartz yes

679 R Hornblendic slate moderately coarse

680. R 681. 682x.— Summit of Mount.— Slate passing into greenstone; striking fire with steel: conchoidal fracture &c.—

slaty

1:20v

727 All the following fossils were found in a small bed of calcareous gravel at Punta Alta.—

693 Fragment was not rolled Long W 58° " 4'

1:21r

693x R Granite: feldspar small crystals: little mica: perhaps gneiss. brought up from the bottom: Lat 38 deg 28' S. 3 or 4 miles from Coast of Patagonia.

Aug 26th x

716 Settlement at Bahia Blanca in irregular horizontal strata: rock soft. pale colour. spongy argillaceous calcareous, containing pebbles of quartz & other extraneous matter.—

Sept 10th

L Bahia Blanca Sept 20th.—

727x Part of leg of some large animal in cemented gravel

728 :729v. Wood? converted into Lime

730 v Head of the femur

731 Fragment of bone

732 v :733:734v: do do

735. Pentagonal osseous plates in [at this point there is an indecipherable symbol which may be a few deleted letters e.g. Il] an earthy intervening bed

1:21v

[written diagonally as a list]

1 jaw

1 — do

1 teeth

1 tusk

2 molars

1 Great Head

1 Mylodon

1:22r

1832 September Bahia Blanca

736 :737: 738.— Fragments of the latter: Is it a sort of tile

739 v With these, there was the joint of some limb.—

740. Fragment of bone. Gravel

741 v A small portion of the lower jaw of some animal: Rodentia? Gravel

742 v Part of the jaw of letter

743: v :744; Teeth & fragments of jaw, when in rock. they were all united

[743 is Toxodon and is one of the only NHM specimens retaining its Darwin label]

74 54. Part of femur of large animal

755 Extremity of the latter

756. Part of Pelvis (belonging to the last?)

[755-756 bracketted together in pencil]

757 v Fragment of bone

758 v Leg of some smaller animal (Rodentia Ruminantia )

759 v Fragments of ribs. found with the last [Not to be confused with 759, 762 and 763 analysed by Reeks (see CCD3:138) and listed in Zoology notes, pp. 343-344 as chemicals listed in Darwin's 'Specimens in Spirits'.]

760 Teeth, belonging to some animal:

1:22v

772 In upper pale earthy clay

776 Vertebrae belongs to some small distinct animal & was found in the red & lower bed:-

769 This is called by the Spaniards Tosca [Herbert 2005, p. 100 has a photo of one of Darwin's specimens of Tosca]

782 .As in parts the gravel is overflowed by the tide. Cannot the Balani be modern?! I forgot to examine into this —

November [in margin] the presence of animal matter in the shell would decide the question.— May not the unrolled state of the bones be accounted by the protection of the flesh?- [A 2008 leaflet promoting the then new Darwin display at the Sedgwick Museum includes a photo of a piece of sandstone in the Beagle collection from Brazil with barnacles and lichens still attached.]

1:23r

1832 Octob: Monte Hermoso. Bahia Blanca

769x Red & lower bed of earthy clay

770. :771. [this number has a vertical dash in pencil at both ends and is probably linked to the note in the margin] Included layers of whiteish Compact Marl.— found July 1844

772x

? Joint of limb. of small animal converted into hard black. substance

773 [bracketted together with 774] Socket joints of some large animal. in lower red bed. partially cased in hard,ened surface

774

775 Fragments of bone converted into jet looking hard substance.

776x Vertebra & scattered bones in the earthy clay beds

-------------------------------------------------------------

Octob: 8th. Punta Alta. B. Blanca

781 Tusk. Cemented gravel

782x v Fragment of bone; with Balani adhering to it. showing how long it was at the bottom:

783 ( [blank] ?) common in the gravel

784 L :785: Thin marly & argillaceous layers in the lower parts of the gravel:-

1:23v

799. In one I accidentally separated the incisor from the Molars:

804. The largest one is broken in half: they lie in beds layers. like flints in chalk. or in continuous beds: always dendritic with manganese.

The Tosca is more purely argillaceous close round them.—

807 These are said to belong to the Megatherium: Can it belong to the animal of which (822) is the lower jaw: the teeth

1:24r

1832 Octob: 18th. Mon. Hermoso. Bahia Blanca

798 Scattered bones od some small quadrup ribs. extremeities. vertebrae. lying close together, in the Tosca or earthy clay

799x Two sets. of incisors & molars of some Rodentia. & femur: all found distinct; in the lower red Tosca

800 v Molar teeth of some large Rodentia in the red Tosca

801 v Tarsi & metatarsi of the hind leg of some small Cavia; these were found with (798)

802 v :803: Fragments of bones in Tosca

804x L Concretions of Marl (same as 770) in lower parts of the lower red Tosca

Punta Alta: Octob: 16th.—

805 v 2 Molars of the same animal as the head (821) perhaps Megalonyx in cemented gravel.—

806 Part of a rib

807x v :808. Osseous plates same as (735) in the earthy clay or Tosca

1:24v

810 The plains of Tosca or earthy clay. which extend horizontally behind the range of sandy dunes or hillocks

811 &c It is to be remarked that not only the different species but the proportional numbers in each agrees Volute :

Crepidula & Venus & Trochus are most abundant both in gravel & on the beach.

The general appearance of present beach & this gravel is very similar [this sentence written vertically in pencil in Margin]

821 The anterior part is broken into 3 pieces: they can be joined by the shape of curious anterior cavity;

1:25r

1832 Octob: Punta Alta, Bahia Blanca

809 v Canine tooth picked up on the beach on the surface of cemented ground

810x L Pumice pebbles lying on the plains & in diluvium at Punta Alta & Monte Hermoso

811:x 812:813, Shells & corallines from cemented ground: showing & which appear exactly the same as now live: as (824827) [824-827 are listed by Zoology notes, p. 381)]

821x Great head: (Megalonyx?) it was found in horizontal position in the cemented gravel; the upper jaw & Molars exposed.—

[this is the skull of a Megatherium and is the only one of Darwin's specimens that was not transferred from the Royal College of Surgeons to the NHM]

822 Lower jaw of some large animal. (Edentata?). with one molar tooth: found in same position & not far from the latter.—

1:25v

835 Found Occurring in the bank on which the City [Buenos Ayres] stands

837 & 8 I bought these specimens: said by the man to have been originally joined & to have been found on the banks of the Rio Carcana:

the authority is not to be trusted: There are reasons for believing it came from Rio Luxan: It was certainly brought by a countryman to prove that giants once existed in this country.—

854 [continues last line of 26r] up on the beach of R. de Janeiro: I suppose Ballast:-

1:26r

1832 November

830 R Gold & Silver ores from Famatine province of Riola: given to me. [see Buenos Ayres notebook, p. 4a]

831 Monocot wood. silicified: [see 'list of fossil wood' NHM-408865-1001 available in Darwin Online]

832 Dicot [bracketted with 831] they were given me. by the person who picked them up in the bed of the Uruguay at Salto

833 .Part of bone? silicified: found with the last

834 Reeds [bracketted with 833]

835x L Calcareous fine sandstone in beds in the Tosca

836 White indurated marl layers of concretions in Tosca [bracketted with 835]

B. Ayres

found 1844

837x Femur of some enormous animal: B. Ayres

838 knee joint [bracketted with 837]

852 R Gneiss. on which M. Video is built:

853 R :854. Syenite. forming the rocks at Las Pietras

854x A Terebratula. given as picked [see last line of 25v for continuation]

1: 26v

896 This specimen came from Hill South of the Bay:-

The numbers 876 & 878 were destroyed:

916 rather a pale coloured feldspathic greenstone

928 black grey Highly crystalline nearly pure limestone; with striated appearance. & under blowpipe splits into minute thin columns

whole rock threaded with thin veins of quartz. & patches harder & apparently siliceous.—

1:27r

1832 Good Success Bay: December [after 17th]

876 x RSlate fine grained dark grey. very fissile. plates yellowish colour

927 very smooth rather glossy ? (Talcose ?). the most abundant rock & found at summits of all surrounding mountains

877 Rock almost composed of specular Iron & silex in layers

928x in slate at summit of Mountain SW of Harbor

878 Slate. siliceous with Iron darker coloured. more compact. forming base of hills NW of harbor

------------------------------------------------------------

Dec 25th.— Hermit Island [these speciemns are discussed in CUL-DAR39.122]

916 R :917 Crystallised feldspar & Hornblende with pyrites: lower part of Island.

918 R Hornblendic dark greenstone (with crystals?) do

919 Hornblends in few acicular crystals feldspar semivitreous

1:27v

938 These 4 specimens from about 6 miles east of entrance into Ponsonby Sound within Beagle Channel.

942 There general rock. These three rocks at East entrance of Ponsonby Sound

941 Dullish purple, consist of an aggregate of numberless most minute crystalline faces. probably Feldspar, fuses into white glass somewhat

similar to Slate at C of Good Hope [this entry obviously no earlier than June 1836]

-----------------------------

Beagle Channel

944 heavy Grey. homogenious semi-crystalline Feldspathic rock with numerous specks of Pyrites

very compact

938. 55° and 125°.15'

1:28r

1833 Hermit Island

plain pale-coloured Greenstone

920 R Less marked specimen. both from summit of Katers Peak a sharp cone 1700 feet high

921 R Fragment of very impure reddish limestone: resembling that at Plymouth.— in fragment on the beach Wigwam cove. I should think that the bed certainly was in the Island.—

922 Greenstone rather coarse crystalline whole Jerden Island highest. peak. conical about 900 ft.

927 instead of (876)

928 do of (877) [this and last specimen bracketted together]

-----------------------------------------------------------------

938x R Hornblende rock: with green mineral [these specimens are discussed in CUL-DAR39.94]

939x R Hornblende not with Feldspar Hornblendic Greenstone. alternating with......

940 R Slate. altered. semi-sonorous. harsh

...941 [these four specimens bracketted together]

942x

1:28v

945 These 4 specimens from the Settlement, within Ponsonby Sound:

949: These 3 from near junction of micaceous rocks & clay-slate in Beagle Channel

954 These 4 from North arm of Beagle Channel: about ofN- Gordon Island

946 certain evidence of a passage & of injection

951 Green glossy slate. irregular granular structure few garnets, gneiss fine grained, abounding with green mica

952 thin layers of quartz, parted by seam of dark coloured mica

953 Black Trappean rock, with acicular crystals of Hornblende Goniometer

957 Irregular fine grained mixture of white quartz and feldspar with chlorite and Mica, the two latter appearing to pass into each other

1:29r

Base same as last, rather more crystalline with & than on more truly feldspathic

1833 Tierra del Fuego

945 R Feldspathic rock, with crystals of do & angular bits of unaltered slate.— easily fusible

946x R Same as last.— curious specimen; on one side fragments of slate distinct on the other blended together

947 In /R White Feldspathic greenstone rock. alternating with slate

948 R Slate. on summit of hill: much laminated rather siliceous lamina ferruginous

[these four specimens braketted together]

949 R fine white feld, quartz, mixed with glossy greenstone Gneiss-like with layers of Quartz more green greenish mica

950x R More distinctly crystallised no quartz

951 Rx Micaceous Slate; where constituents are not discernible

[these three specimens bracketted together]

952 Rx Mica Slate. with Garnets: grand chain. in North arm of Beagle Ch-

953 Rx Hornblende rock. part of dyke in Clay Slate at its most N Termination

∠55° real 55°. 30'

954 Micaceous slate. mica affording a more white glossy [this specimen was examined by Reeks]

955 enveloping Quartz, with glossy coat fine grained Hornblende slate Greenstone

956x Granite white Quartz in large crystals

957x Granitic rock. (Gneiss) constituents irregular with green mineral.

[these four specimens bracketted together]

1:29v

958 These three. from Islands at Termination of North arm of Beagle Channel

988 -All these 4 from Hardy Peninsula. West of a Bay. N of Orange Bay

962 The external forms are those of granite & I saw some crystals of Quartz. but there is but little

959 White granular feldspar & quartz . with little irregular patches of Chlorite, obscurely linearly arranged brilliant granitic mixture of white feldspar

black. Hornblende determined by Goniometer well crystall & black large scales of mica abundant I cannot see any Quartz

V. m[easurement] p. 7

960

125°.9' real. 124°.30'

962 Same ingredients as 960 but finer grained quite granitic character: 963 finer grained do. coarsely large Cryst of F & H[ornblende] no mica.

Feldspar same state as in gneiss, some cryst: 3 long:-

V measurement p. 7

975 Hard, heavy compact, pale grey slightly crystalline struct. feldspath.— iron melts into white glass.

irregular fracture surface decomposes

Pages 30r and 30v seem to have been missed by the archivist

1:31r

Slaty struct not visible in hand specimen

1833 Jan & Feb Tierra del Fuego

958 Hornblende Slate fine grained Black greenstone slate?

959xx Imperfect Gneiss. mica not developed alternating with the last

960 x Granite with vesicular Hornblende crystals

[these three bracketted together]

961 Hornblende slate Greenstone, heavy, greenish grey — Slate

962:xx 963.Syenite (?) Southern arm of Beagle Channel

964. Common hard black clay-slate at bifurcation of Beagle Channel

965. Feldspathic greenstone. passing into Porphyry with Mica West entrance of Ponsonby S. in Beagle Ch [discussed in CUL-DAR39.127]

966 Greenstone. imperfectly crystallised irregular fracture SW end of Navarin Island

975x Compact Feldspathic rock (altered Slate?). Bay N of Orange Bay

988 Greenstone: coarse grained sonorous, conchoidal fracture angular cleavage

989x do. with much Hornblende almost composed of long crystals of Hornblende & an abundance of veins of pyrites

990 Feldspathic rock Trachyte intermediate with Phonolite with crystals of Hornblende & Feldspar

much of fel crystals partially decomposed Harh white crystalline Trachytic base, with numerous, elongated crys of Hornblende & of glassy Feldspar

[these four specimens bracketted together]

54°.10'

Hornblende determined by Goniometer

1:31v

991 Same locality. as last 4 specimens

1015 Same locality only a little more to the South:-

991 base blackish grey porph

994 995 nearly same as 960,62,63.— a beautiful rock.— few scales of mica

997. I conceive they are crystalline, semi=rounded fragments of ancient submarine volcanic rocks cemented together.— one embedded bit is decidedly vesicular.— Many broken volcanic crystals the whole cemented into hard & heavy rock but with irregular rubbly fracture

1017 Pale grey harsh trachytic base; no crys of F but numerous ones of numerous irregular cavities drusy with same & more perfect crystals

1020 Reddish purple. rather hard. Claystone base, irregular fracture. Porph with numberless imperfect white

crystallose [this appears to be a word coined by Darwin] specks — white enamel

995 V. Measurements p. 7

994

1:32r

1833 Jan & Feb. Tierra del Fuego

991xx :992:993: singular small Concretionary, angular rock. with yellow crystals

994: 995x.—Syenite(?)

996 Feldspathic rock same as (975) only more earthy fract. slaty in structure & character easily fusible

997x :998:999:1000: Imperfectly crystalline greenstone: from weathering uu/like show Breccia: Lime in interstices:

Capt. FitzRoy. brought them from West side of Ponsonby Sound:-

[the above specimens are bracketted together]

1015 :1016.—small elongated crys of F Hornblende Basalt rock semi conchoidal fracture: with spots free

crystallised from crystals: & white silica

1017x :1018. Slaty Sandstone irregular , drusy cavities with opake white crystals. & from intermixture with some mineral fusible

1019. Hard grey compact sonorous. very straight fracture crystalline Feldspathic rock

most obscurely Porph closely allied to 975

1020x Earthy red porphyry with white specks.— These last 3 rocks. occur above the Hornblendic one

[the above specimens are bracketted together. Some of the above specimens are discussed in CUL-DAR39.121. approx. 20 specimens with numbers listed here and on adjacent pages are shown in a photograph in the Sedgwick Museum section of 'Places of Wonder']

1:32v

1029 These occur in the North end (or distinct island) of Wollaston Island

1029. Irregular fracture. trappean highly crystalline rock. brownish green. mottled colour. chief embedded crystals glossy feldspar:

these yellowish crystals (in 992) same as

1030.1031. Fine: compact Basalt.Conch=semi.fract with numerous decomposed crys which certainly appear to be olivine.

1032 Compact. grey- tinge of Purple. base. Porphyry with very numerous crys small. well formed of glossy and opake felspar.

1033. 1034. V. app p. 15

Rock same as 1029. blackish green. irregular cavities amyg[daloid?] with agate & a dark brown substance which can be cut with knife & nail externally fuses & blackens & hardens. The agate ?green earth? Chlorite are intimately united in spherules

1035 Appears like conglomerate. in interstices calcareous matter, but matrix is trappean, as much as pebbles.

I do not doubt whole trappean rock. putting on deceptive appearances.—

1036 Red Scoriae. Part of small breccia. with fragments. cement non: Cal

1038 Blackish brown. very-fine cryst base. highly amyg with elongated spicules ? of C of L

1059x V. measurements p. 1

1:33r

1833 Jan & Feb. Tierra del Fuego

1029: :1030 :1031: 1032. Varieties of Greenstone

1033x :1034. do. with nodules and veins of agate

1035xx Conglomerate, rather earthy variety, occurring in beds with last Trap-rock

1036x Red scoriae. abundant in Conglom

1037 Highly vesicular looking u/purplish brown. finely cryst Lava in this Conglom

1038x Amygdaloid with Carb of Lime

[all the above bracketted together]

1039 :1040:1041:1042: Variety of Felspspathic rock. with angular fragments of Slate: pssing into a crystalline rock. (1042) showing the latter form (1039) the former is the chief rock. central NE side of Wollaston Island.—

Vide addition in form

1059x instead of (993)

1:33v

1089 . These have not been broken open:- all numbers from 1089 in this page. were found near to the Settlement [i.e. Port Louis, East Falkland]

& a little to the South of it

1079 the whole stained yellowish [see photo of specimen in Herbert 2005, p. 102]

1080 Angular fragments of true quartz. enclosed in a hard siliceous past, which from strong aluminous smell. & in parts yellowish colour. shows not to be pure — these angular fragments are some of them 1/2 [inches ?] long. but are shown to be contemp formation by sometimes but very rarely containing the earthy friable powder in centre.

1082 fine grained micaceous, that is containing scales of mica

1084 . fine grained siliceous sandstone, with thread like veins of quartz

1085. Almost made of minute silvery scales of mica. whole structure becoming crystalline.— granular black: minute grains probably both of F & Q enveloped in a black micaceous matter

1092 very fine grained, hard, pale brown highly micaceous sandstone with fossil remains

1132 Possesses very little inflammability

1:34r

Curving like rock of Anglesea. Henslow [see CUL-DAR33.217-222 and CUL-DAR40.11]

1833 March E Falkland Isd.—

1078 1079x Granular. crystalline quartz rock. with white friable powder in interstices aggregated in small interstitial space: rock strong aluminous smell range of hills N of Berkleys Sound [i.e. Berkeley]

Mem St Jago

1080x Resembling a Breccia, same range:

1081 Quartz rock. near Slate formation Johnston Creek (same as 1079) [i.e. Johnson]

1082x Pale coloured clay slate: site do

1083 common Clay Slate, compact, bands of dark: & white alternating — do

1084x Quartz Rock. being of finer grains looks arenaceous. S of Berkleys Sound

1085x Black Slate with scale of Mica, near Quartz rock: S of Berkley Sound rock easily fusible into mottled glass. with unfused particles

1089x ...1100. Slaty sandstone with organic remains

1101.... 1126 do do with Terebratula & Entrochites

[See letter to Henslow 11 April 1833; Darwin 1835 has 'Entrochites' but CCD1:307 has 'Entrochitus'. Darwin's fossils from the Falklands are discussed by Stone and Rushton (2013) and Stone and Rushton (2023).]

1127 1128. Two pieces. which correspond

1129 11 1131. Terebratula imbedded in pale clay slate, with a soapy feel

1132x Exceedingly compact. peat of great Spec: gravity: bottom of 12 foot bed

1:34v

1133 Has a granitic structure, the black patches consist of a soft mineral. which in the most perfect patches, divides into scales & is evidently Mica, the white or yellowish white powder shows no trace of crystallisation.— Black point arranged in lines.

1134 Here the fragments appear quite rounded. yet in centres particles of white matter. Quartz or tin as in a Gold vein.— white matrix totally infusible. very hard and opake.— aluminous smell. at first sight would be thought a recent aggregation in a friable calcareous cement.— I think there must have been motion during formation

1135 Rather coarse. dull greenish brown slate. micaceous & obscurely crystalline structure, parts fusible.

H[enslow?] says resembles a greywacke

1:35r

1833 March E Falkland Isd.

1133x Quartz rock with specks like Mica & little aluminous powder: structure rather slaty, South of Berkley Sound.—

1134x same as (1080)

1135x The passage between quartz rock & slate: Johnstone Creek.—

1135 obscurely Granular crystallised quartz rock. without Aluminous matter.— some miles to the North of Berkleys Sound

1152 Rather perfect model of a Terebratula found in same Sandstone from the Settlement.—

1:35v

1184 Being on Horse-back. I could not bring away good specimens

1189... to 1195. All rocks occurred close together. at head of R. Tapas:- The amygdaloid. was generally more amygdaloid

1196 By no means — characteristic are the specimens from 1184 to 1354 lost All found from 1184 to 1199. Found July [18]44

1188 Reddish highly crystalline, slightly calcareous metamorphic -gtitstone sedimentary rock

1189- 1190- 1191 blackish trappean rock. with crys of glassy Feldspar, bright red -almost composed of crystals of lengated glassy feldspar, most arranged in one axis — greenish-blackish rock.— [1189 and 1190 bracketted together]

1194 harsh. pale purple earthy base. full of small crystals of glassy feldspar. not very compact

1:36r

Feldspathic rock in layer of red feldspar & hornblende slate

1833 May. June. Maldonado

1184:x 1185.— Layers of red feldspar in slaty rock. E. of las Minas

1186:1187 Basalt hornblendic rock with crystals of glassy feldspar green. crystals from sleeping [place]

South of R Tapas (about 2 miles)

1188 Trap rock. in close proximity

1189:x 1190:1191: Trap rock. all three sorts together. near the source of the R.Tapes

1192: 1193 purplish Amygdaloid Carb of lime & Taphite

1194x Trap rock: very abundant

1195 do.— with drusy minute cavities & highly phosphatic reddish feldspar with quartz arranged in places

1196:x 1197.— Specimens of Breccia chain NW of Pan de Azucar jaspery fragments

1198 .Rock very abundant. Pan de Azucar containing coarse grained & large only Feldspar & large grained quartz:

1199. Greenish black porphyry. generally containing small crystals of Feldspar: base finely amygdaloid with agate.

& others of green earth at the base of Sierra las Animas. near Pan de Azucar.—

[1227 and 1264 were analysed by Reeks, see CCD3:138 but they are listed as birds by Zoology notes.]

1:36v

1358 from size of nut to large walnuts irregular in shape. The calcareous ones. extremely hard. stalactitic structure. when broken.—

352 trace of Mica -imperfectly crystallised hornblende or chlorite

(found) (July [18]44)

1:37r

1833 May. June. Maldonado

1312.— Shells. from bed of mud. beneath above level of fresh-water lake & now several miles inland.—

[This specimen was analysed by Reeks (see CCD3:138 where 1313 is also listed) and photograph in Pearn 2009, p. 69.]

1350 Slaty Quartz. Sierra large near Maldonado

1351 Feldspar. Quartz green mineral

1352 do near Punta de Ballena. with imperfect lines of cleavage

1353 :1354. Limestone N of head of Laguna de Petrero

[the above specimens bracketted together]

1355x.— Calcareous & ferruginous sandstone, concretions, common in general alluvial covering.—

-----------------------------------------------------------------

1356...1365 St Joseph's Bay (Patagonia)

Ostreas, Pectens & fragments of Corallines. f ? also Selenite from the cliffs East entrance of St Joseph Bay

1366. -Shells. from the much more recent bed, lying above in gravel above the Ostrea &c

1:37v

1371 This river can hardly extend to the Cordilleras: whence comes the rock??

1373 Somewhat resembled that of the Falkland Isles.

1368 I think it more probable that the specimen belongs to the the regular conchiferous bed

1371 Highly vesicular glossy scoriae

1373 An obscure brecciated structure. the fragments having character of flint the rock is not granular, exception that the interstices make it so.— Must not be compared to Falkland Isld — Rock.—

1:38r

1833 May June clayey mud.—

1367 Pale coloured impure nn Calc: semi=indurated clay . with no organic remains, immediately upon the Ostrea bed.—

1368x I should think the same (??) with Turritella. The Schooner brought it from near ?? St Josephs Bay Specimens brought by the Schooner [The Adventure was a schooner purchased (and renamed) as a consort for the Beagle by Captain FitzRoy at the Falklands in March 1833.]

1369 Shells &c&c. from the cliffs in New Bay

1370 do do

1371x Volcanic rock. picked up in quantities. banks of the R. Chupat: floats in water:

1372 Hard, heavy blue highly siliceous slate from C Blanco: quite infusible hill 60 feet high:

1373x A quartz rock (not pure) with interstices earthy particles. C Blanco

1399. Fossil shells. New Bay. Patagonia

1:38v

Sent to Dr. Armstrong

1405 All pieces marked (X) belong to same skeleton (O) to one under jaw (P) belong to great head (T) fragments of bones found with the Armadillo like case: all found at Bahia Blanca

1475 Named by Dr Fox: with respect to the loose blocks. V notes to geology of Rio Janeiro.—

1405 The skeleton (marked X) is quite distinct from all the bones

1474 found fossil wood

1:39r

1833 September: Bahia Blanca

1405x v Fragments of a skeleton and bones [this is the holotype of Scelidotherium leptocephalum, now in the NHM]

1406 v Remarkable tooth, bank cliffs of the R.Carcarana.— [this specimen, collected on 1 October, is a Toxodon molar and is still in the NHM]

1407 v Part of a shoulder blade, in red Tosca above oyster bed. Bajada [this specimen, collected on 10 October, is now lost]

1408 v Megatherium case with natural edge.— lake at Guardia del Monte. in the Tosca [This specimen, collected on 19 September, is a glyptodont carapace and is still in the NHM.]

Guardia del Monte

1409 v Fragments of great (Mastodon ?) tooth. coast Barranca of Parana. rincon de Gorodina.— [This Mastodon tooth, perhaps collected on 1 October, is now lost.]

1410 1411 Great oysters in the Limestone. St Fe Bajada Specimens sent me by Mr H. Fox

[V]ide extract

H.M. Minister at Rio de Janeiro [1472-1473 are silicified wood from the Rio Uruguay but are listed in Zoology notes, p. 393)]

1475 :1476 Greenstone Island of Flores

1477 1478. Greenstone veins in Granite Island of St Sebastian

1479 1480 Greenstone loose blocks St Sebastian.—

Number Lost [these two words written diagonally across entries from 1410 to 1480]

1:39v

1510 These teeth are quite small; they sometimes are found nearly one inch long;

1516 I should think from adhering gravel & bits of coloured shell it would belong to the age of the gravel bed of St Joseph bay

1522 Resembles those of Maldonado, where ingredients are so fine that the rock is like Sandstone Site. Lat 48°:12'

1515 All numbers from 1515 to 1530 collected by Mr Stokes in the small Schooner. Coast of Patagonia

1522 very pale purple lilac. divided into an infinity of layers like ribbon jasper, hard not scratched by steel. yet sandy feel. fuses easily into white enamel.— allied to base of Claystone.—

1523 appears as if part of vein.—

1524 Dark purplish brown. base. Porph with crys of red Feld.— a compact claystone Porphry.—

1525 ditto rather redder. few small vesicular irregular cavities.— These Porphyries resemble those of P Alegre

1526 I should think part of vein or Amyg. cavity.—

1527 Rose red. thin layers of rather harsh easily fusible Claystone [sentence continues at bottom of 40r]

1:40r

1833 Mr Fox's specimens

1481 Basalt loose blocks. Port Alegre

1482 1483 Volcanic! porphyry Port Alegre

1484 Volcanic porphyry Port Alegre

1485 1486 — Red porphyry (no. 1)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1487

1510x Fish's teeth & one shell from the Limestone: Bajada

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1515x Scoriae. carried by down by R. Chupat

1516x Substance (organic?) foot of cliff. new Bay.

1517:1518 Oyster shells. Tilly roads: cliffs 560 high

1519: 1520. Red Feldspar Claystone porphyry. with whiteish opake crystals of do & specks of Quartz Port St Elena.—

1521 Quartz rock. Cape Blanco

1522x Gneiss . Summit Pineda. Melaspina Bay

1523 Quartz. Island in front of Melaspina Bay

1524x Port Redonda. (Sugar loaf hill) near to above

1525x Compact Porphyry, East creek. CameronaBay

1526x Quartz rock; islands front of Melaspina

1527. Jasper(?) Melaspina. SE Point.

[continues from bottom of 39v] with thin veins of Quartz. which sometimes lines drusy cavities. layers not even, slightly convoluted.—

1:40v

1529 Strikingly resembles bed at Parana [see CUL-DAR33.227-228]

1532. Marked (A) in sketch. S[outh Barranca] cliff 120 feet high South entrance of the R Negro

[almost certainly the diagram in the Falklands notebook p. 98a dated 4 August 1833]

1533. Called by me "Mortar".—

1534. Part of the specimen, but of nearly similar rock plenty

1538 These are larger than the common run.—

1529 Slightly indurated , muddy not fine grained sandstone. friable beneath fingers. abounding with broken shells.—

1531 quite friable beneath fingers

1532 very pale coloured. fine grained earth, slightly indurated substance, adheres to tongue earthy smell: non calc[careous].: a kind of mud

1535 Non Calc. white little Spec: gravity, adheres to tongue. friable with nails,

aluminous substance with water but very slightly adhesive

1536 Non. Calc. snow white. remarkably light, so compact as not to be broken with fingers. yet friable. in small fragments.— fuses very easily..indeciperable pen stroke perfect decomp[osition] of volcanic ashes. not at all adhesive with water. adheres to tongue.

aluminous smell. [sentence may continue at top of 41r]

1:41r

1833 an impure nearly white clay. fine grained adheres to tongue, with water does not become clay [This sentence seems to be a continuation of the last sentence of 40v.]

1528 Earthy. white sandstone, upper bed New Bay.— number I found loose

1529xx Earthy Clay, with small shells. lower bed New Bay.—

-------------------------------------------------------------

August Patagones. R. Negro.—

1530 Hard grey tiny grained sandstone spotted with manganese bed; bed; generally. nar=row

1531x Soft. common. blueish grey sandstone

1532xx Tosca bed. South Barranca

1533xx Calcareous thin bed S.Barranca

1534x Hard.compact Calca: Argill: concretion pebble , marked with Manganese in an extraordinary arborescent manner

conch: fracture foot of S. Barranca, abundant, did not see bed.—

1555. strong conglomerate Pumice pebbles cemented together by sort of Sandstone: blocks at foot S.Barranca; could not find the bed.—

even fracture

1536x Calcareous .light. white rock. Bed 3 or 4 feet thick NE of Patagones.

1537x Friable soft sandstone Calcareous. rather cementing gravel on the surface Patagones

1538x Pebbles. from gravel bed, above Sandstone. S.Barranca

1:41v

1540 The only organic remains I could find in S.Barranca

1541 Same as those found at M: Hermoso; helping show. that the one is formed from detritus of other.—

1544. I saw. large. white piece, with similar net work. from same locality

1545.— These 3 sorts of sand were given me.—

1548.— Generally less compact & hard. more sandy.— Like rock near Las Vacas.—

1549 of St Gregorio. M: Video

1547. Colour flame bright green.—

1548 Fine grained dark red sandstone. almost passing into indurated clay-stone.

with perhaps severalsmall minute rounded pebbles of quartz.—

1:42r

1833 Patagones. R. Negro

1539 Gypsum. finely mingled with sediment occurring amongst gravel. not rolled. Patagones

1540x Anomia, in Tosca bed (1532)

----------------------------------------------------------

1541x Black fossil fragment of same gravel bed. Bahia.Blanca

1542 Coronula.— gravel bed. Bahia. Blanca

1543 Bivalve shells, found on sand banks, Arroyo de St. Juan. South of las Vacas; 1 mile or 2 inland.—

[See Pearn (2009, p. 37 and 71) for photographs of the pill box containing this specimen.]

1544x Curious. Carnelian pebble. coast of R. Uruguay. Ricon de las Gallinas

1545x .Iron Sand, large quantities. below high water mark. Hog. Island Bay of St.Blas.—

1546. Black. Iron sand. Isld of St. Catherina [specimens 1545-1546 are photographed in Herbert (2005, plate 3).]

1547.x Green (curious) sand. Island in the Uruguay.—

1548xx Jaspery sandstone. horizontal beds. Las pietras. M: Video

1549.xx very hard Argill[aceaous].Calca. Stalactiform concretions from red. Tosca. East end of Barranca

1:42v

1550 This specimen is unusually.pure & compact.—

1553 So called from stream of that name

1562 The Arg: Calc: rock. differs a little in compactness & quantity of Lime.—

I have generally called them Tosca rock from occurring frequently in earth red Tosca: also sometimes moratr where

These rocks generally are coloured dirty ? flesh colour

May perhaps be called highly aluminous indurated marks.— [this sentence written vertically in margin]

1551 not quite so pure, brecciated slate fragments. compact. & breaking with a fracture approaching to stalactitic — by stalactitic I mean smooth instead of earth fracture approaching to crystalline

1554. Brownish. & grey. Finely crystalline Feldspathic (in one specimen distinct crystals can be seen.) fuses into white glass.—

1561 patches with fra earth fracture. patches wth smooth. compact. latter marked by dend manganese [possibly continued at top of 43r]

1:43r

1833 The Aluminous matter is small in proportion to Calc: [this sentence appears to be a continuation of the last entry on 42v]

1550x white compact Arg: Calc: superior bed, grand ridge. between R. Colorado & Bahia.Blanca

=Dr Carpenter [William Benjamin Carpenter (1813-1885) examined some of Darwin's specimens by microscope; see correspondence December 1844 and chapter 11 of South America.]

1551x: 1552. Arg: Calc. bed. surface of plain. N of Fort Bahia Blanca

1553x Arg: Calca: north side of the Sierra of Guetru-Gueyu.— very pale brown.—

1554x 1555. Feldspathic rocks from do: Sierra

1556 : 1557.— Arg: Calc: rock, rapids in river. near town of Tapalguen

1558. Soft .less hard. browner Arg: Calc: pass of R. Chuelo near Buenos Ayres

1559. Earthy. Arg: Calc: Arroyo. Pabon

1560. little more crystalline variety. water fall. A Pabon. (road to St. Fe.)

1561x Bed of nearby white hard Arg: Calc: in red Tosca lower part of bed above Limestone. St Fe. Bajada

1562.x Arg: Calc: small concretions, upper part of the same bed, together with fragments of fossil bones St Fe. Bajada

1:43v

1567 Very abundant. similar to the rock at Calera Carmacho. Arroyo de las Vivoras

1573 Good Excellent authority

1564. Fragments & casts of shells firmly cemented together & containing rarely a few rounded grains of quartz:

all the drusy cavities lined with minute & brilliant crystals.— rock white.—

1566. Nearly compact. fine crystalline structure. few cavities, obscure marks of shells

1572. appears at first a fine grained slightly ferruginous. calcareous sandstone — looks organised slightly rounded

grains of transparent quartz. enbedded in calcareous

1576. when cut with knife — fine polished surface dark olive green. irregular fracture. conchoidal on small scale.—

1577. Blackish indurated clayey mud [continued on top of 44r]

1:44r

1833 [continued from bottom of 43v] axis not compact. with small cavities. substance very fine grained ferruginous.—

1563 Ferruginous cylinders, common in yellow bed.— Gorodona. near R. Carcarana

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

October St Fe. Bajada

1564x : 1565. Crystalline, cellular. Limestone

1566.x Common compact variety

1567.x Do.— with impressions of shells.—

1568: 1569. Oyster shells either in Limestone, or in inferior clayey beds

1570.1571. Pectens & other shells clay bed inferior

1572x Found in large oval balls, in the inferior yellowish clay finely vesicular, Organic

calc

1573x :1574: 1575 Petrified wood, said to be found in ferruginous sandstone. Estancia de las Conchas. near Arroyo of that name

[see Thomas (2009); Lister (2018, p. 94); Pearn (2009, p. 44). 1575 is listed on 236.3.1r.]

1576 Fine greasy clay. (Magnesia) beneath Limestone above yellowish sandy clay: between teeth soapy feel taste

1577x Black. bituminous clay, in curved strata. beneath yellowish clay

1578: 1579: 1580. Shells. Yellowish clay bed. Beneath Limestone

1:44v

1582. Arroyo Tunay. enters the Conchitas

1595. Evidently a modern formation

1599 All packed together in a Box — this box is also labelled (by mistake ) (1769).

1:45r

1581 Horses tooth, apparently coeval with fossil bone, Megatherium &c.— [this tooth is arguably the most important fossil Darwin ever found: see Lister 2018, p. 61]

1582x Fragments of bone. R. Tunay

1583 Fragment of bone belonging to a larger piece. R. Tunay [1581-1583, collected on 10 October, are difficult to identify with certainty but may still be in the NHM.]

1584 Cast of shells. Bajada

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

1585: 1586. Part of rib of animal cliffs at Gorodona. Near mouth of R. Carcarana [These specimens, perhaps collected on 1 October, are now lost.]

1594:x 1595 Gypsum in crystals. in the & lying on muddy sand (760 Spirits label) at bottom of Salina R Negro [See Zoology notes, p. 343).]

1599 Shells from sandy clay. under Limestone. Bajada Fragments of bone. Tosca bed R. Tapas. Bajada 2 pieces of rib bone. cliff of R. Parana near R. Carcarana

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1625 :Decemb: Port Desire

Fragments of shells; Pectens Cliffs S of the creek Post

1626. 1627: 1628: Arca. Turritella. in sandy clay. cliffs South of the Post very abundant

1630. 1631. Turritella: Site do:-

1632 Hinge of very large shell: all in soft decomposing slate

[1633 was analysed by Reeks, see CCD3:138 but not listed here.]

1:45v

1634 Colour pale purple: vesicular:-

1637 The above 5 specimens all come from the foot & neighbourhead of the two hills, which are NW of the Anchorage

porcelain rock with purple ?

1634-1644 Locality same as (1642) Colour pale purple, slightly vesicular with minute irregular cavities; base in some parts. shows ?obscurely

appears to contain minute extraneous fragments of Porphyritic fragments &c but in others is clearly porphyritic. with crystals of earthy & glassy feldspar.— Short interrupted layers. of a white stone convoluted, & thinning pot. sometimes of a white stone. sometimes of a darker

or red give the rock a laminated appearance The white matter is sometimes earthy, but generally has fine granular crystalline structure.— The passage into large crysts of glassy feldspar is beautifully seen.— If process perfected rock with vary large crys in places like gneiss

[written vertically in the margin:]

the nearly perfect but small crys of glassy feldspar are in the same plane with the layers as almond-shaped concretions.

1:46r

1834 Jany: Port Desire

1633 Salt (saltpetre?). encrusting from deep flat muddy plain or valley in South Plains.—

1634x 1635. Porphyry. where earthy feldspar in almond-shaped concretions affects a laminated structure.— [see specimen 1691]

1691

1636 v A compact variety of Porphyry, with angular patches. or crystals of earth feldspar, very brightly laminated,

together with other variety with quartz.—

[obscured] ..lee extract La all in this page [this sentence is written diagonally in the margin and needs to be checked against the MS]

1637x v 1638.— Two compact varieties of red. porphyry lying above (1636) with some crystals of feldspar & quartz

1639 v Purple Porphyry abounding with crystals of quartz & porphyry.: Brittania rock.

1640 v White calcareo, clay. sandstone upper bed of great n plain.—

1642 v 1643. Pitchstone, beneath Porphyry opposite Guanaco Island.—

1644x v 1645:) base porphyry with iron? vesicular, cavities lined with quartzose rock. & containing crystals of Quartz: in Porphyry

1:46v

1647 These two varieties occurred near together.— 1647 is evidently more porphyritic than (1648)

1651 The above three rocks have same dip. — (1651) looks singularly like Chalk or Calcareous matter.—

1655. 1656. Rocks opposite Guanaco Island.—

1654 From behind the Fort

1651 Parts friable with difficulty?

1654 dull purplish base, fracture rather rough.— a very few drusy cavities.— porph with few crysts of opake white F:-

[several of these specimens are discussed are shown on sketches in CUL-DAR33.230, photographed in Herbert (2005, p. 99).]

1:47r

1834 Jan: Port Desire

1646R Iron stone. from Porphyry. same. locat:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cliffs. 2 or 3 miles W of Anchorage

1647x v 1648.— A jaspery looking. porphyry fusible, in the bed above (1649)

1649.v Base Feldspathic? patches of silex & small pebbles of porphyry.—

1650 v Compact. semi-cryst: whiteish Feldspathic rock above such rock as (1649)

1651x v Earthy. white soft. Feldspathic rock with particles of silex. lying on. (1650)

1652. v Rock from dyke, cutting such as the above rock. basis red porphyry. crystals of quartz, white earthy feldspar & mica.—

1653 v One of the lower beds on cliffs, with red porphyry.— white vesicles cavities lined with ore of iron

1654x Pale purple, compact tough porphyry with few crystals of earthy Feldspar this is a common variety.—

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1655x v 1656 . Pale reddish brown porphyry slightly vesicular with few small crystals. beneath rock like (1651)

1:47v

1657 These four specimens. come from the rough hills. west end of creek or mouth of river.— about 21 miles in the interior.

(1657. 1658 the commonest varieties.—

1663 Geological is beneath (1662). contains layers of fine cryst: gypsum.—

NB: Remember. streaks of matter in almond shaped patches. would form. crystals. within crystals as mica in Porph gneiss.—

? Can anything be made out of twin crys.— Mem: Henslow case of fragments of slate turning into horizontal crystals.—

1:48r

1834 Jan: Port Desire. West Cliffs

1656 v Reddish purple porphyry. with imperfect crystals of earthy feldspar.— position same as last rock

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1657x v Blueish & reddish porphyry mingled together in concretions vesicular with few crystals of glassy feldspar & quartz &c

1658. v 1659. do. where fragments of extraneous porphyry appears to be imbedded in a basis of reddish.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1662 v Earth very soft, fine dirty white, impure sandstone, same Geological bed as (1640)

1663x v 1664: whitish yellow soft conch: fracture, clay stone: (salt taste?) decomposes into angular fragments.— not effervesce

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

West Cliffs

1665 Hard. Conch: fracture, fine grained, white Feldspathic rock. occurring amongst & below such rocks (1674) & coarser varieties.—

& (1647/1648)

1666 Whitish.— yellowish, hardish, earthy feld: rock beneath (1667 1668) (same dip)

1:48v

1672 & 1673. From the great mass of the cliffs: In this instance they are both inferior to (1674)

1:49r

1834 Jan. Port Desire. West Cliffs

1667. v same as (1673) V infra

1668 v White, hard, rough fracture. Felspath rock (with particles of silex?) not effervesce

1669 v White: hard. conch fracture, fine grained. uncryst[allised]: Feld rock. lying on the same dip with (1649: 1648:)

1670 v Rock from dyke; Feldspath rock. much black mica, green crystals, & (quartz?)

1671. v Rock from. dyke: (1652) mixture of crystals of mica, felspar, quartz, cemented by ferruginous matter.—

1672 v Yellowish Feld rock: hard earthy conch. fr.

1673x v Whitish - yellowish, hard. semi-crys[talline] porphyry with imbedded white crystals

1674 v Hard, earthy red porphyry. abounding with white earthy crystals of Feldspar

1675 v same as (1651), like mortar or Chalk

1674 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1:49v

[blank]

1:50r

[This is a loose note in William Miller's hand, written on the back of a piece of St John's exam paper dated March 1840.]

1018 Miller [This is in Darwin's hand.]

The faces of the white crystals are not sufficiently perfect for the Refl. Goniometer — they are mostly twins — and in their apprearance resemble Zeagonite. See fig 4 Mr Brooke's paper on Zeagonite in the Phil. Mag. Vol. 10 [See Darwin (1846, p. 153).]

1:50v

[Reverse side of 50r]

[1: Inside back cover]

C. Darwin

[1: Back cover]

[blank]

[TRANSCRIPTION OF CUL-DAR236.2]

[2: front cover]

Geological Specimens

Ns 1834 677 - 2851

[2: inside front cover]

C. Darwin

2:1r

Red = 1000+ &c

Green = 2000+ &c

Yellow = 3000+ &c

M means paper with measurements

[1v and 2r are stuck together.]

2:2v

1682 These rocks were obtained from a quarry opened by the Spaniards to build the Fort & to East 1/4 of a mile.—

1684 [see 3r for start of sentence] & alternate one with another without any fixed order.—

2:3r

1834 Jan: Port Desire. West Cliffs.—

1677 V Fine. dull red Porphyry. hard conchoidal fracture, square, white earthy crystals, very little quartz lies above (1678 or 1679)

1678.V White hard Feld: rock. many scales of mica

1679 V Pink red semicryst: Porph with specks of earthy Feldspar.— Both beneath (1677)

1680 V Pitchstone, mass intermediate between Porphyry (1677) & rocks (1678 & 1679)

1681.V Feld rock hard. very few specks of Mica, semi-cryst: occurring with (1675)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Near the Fort.—

1682x V White Feldspath: rock. lying above (1683)

1683 V A coarse, softer, earthy variety, in which uppear parts shows lines like water deposit; this is seen in great scale,

sometimes horizontal sometimes waving

1684xV Pale purple Porphyry with some crystals lying over & having same dip with 5 following specimen. which pass [see 1v for continuation of sentence]

2:3v

1719 Lying on surface (from great oyster bed?) diameter about 7 inches; very hard & heavy.—

Thirsty Hill

1720 Same situation as above was unable to bring it home.—

2:4r

1834 Jan: Port Desire. Near the Fort

1685 V White compact Feldspar with very few crystals: a free-stone

1686 V Pale purple. part of same block with the last.— used in building.—

1687 V do. rather coarser, paler coloured

1688 V White, softer, much coarser. (quartz particles?)

1689 V Reddish. do do do

1690 V Rock more perfectly porphyritic than (1684) of which rock it is a continuation

1691 V Porphyry. same structure as (1634) lying above, & same bed as (1684 & 1690)

1692 V White Porphyry or Feldspath. rock. hard vesicular, with quartz; occurring in a common red Porphyry bed.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1711 V Porphyry with much quartz, earthy & crystallised feldspar: basis ferruginous common rock: Lat 48°.56'.—

[i.e. just north of Port St Julian] concretions not very

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1719x Fragment of petrified vertebra

1720.x 1721 Petrified wood (?) [specimens now in NHM; see Thomas 2009, p. 27]

2:4v

1722 Found in pale earthy bed, with stalactite of Tosca rock which cuts through Gravel & Argillaceous beds at the South entrance Barranca

Lat: of St Julian 49°.16'

1733 Called "Sitio del Yeso" from immense quantity of gypsum found in this bed.— The impression of the shell is the only organic remains I have ever seen in these beds.

1736 Close to extremity of the Tibia all the small bones were found.—

1735 Through whole. organi structure can be pieces

1732 Cylindrical & irregular concretions not very hard if calc[careous]. sand[stone]: passing into indurated marl, & fine calcareous sandstone. minute transparent particles of silex embedded

1733 Exactly same as 1729 & 662

2:5r

1834 Jan:Port. St Julian

1722x :1723: Head & Femur & fragments of the shank

1724 1725. Fragments of socket which were united.—

1726. Lumber vertebrae which were united to the Pelvis

1727.1728. Parts of the Pelvis.—

1729v White soft; little spec: grav Argillaceous bed lying above the oyster bed, & alternating with the gravel:

S entrance of Barranca

1730 R Line of dark grey. hard. calcareous sandstone in concretions; almost forming bed

11731x Stalactites of pale. Arg Cal[careous]: rock lying in pale earthy bed; above gravel: in which are Bones (1722...1728)

1733x R Pale soft. Argillaceous bed; with trace of Turritella: entrance of inner harbour.

1736x 1737. belong to (1723)

1738 to 1745 all belong to each other

2:5v

1764 These 5 specimens from North entrance of harbour.—

1769. I believe this has been twice labelled [see specimen 1599]

1789. Compact. heavy. dark blue grey calcareous. clay slate. It is a clay slate. without laminated structure.—

H[enslow]: says right easy fuses greenish black enamel

1790. It is very compact. but very little laminated.

1791. Coarser grained appearing crystalline not laminated approaches. to character of Greywacke easily fusible into nearly white enamel.—

2:6r

1834 Jan: Port Desire

1764x V Paste like Porphyry, concretionary vedicular with quartz; resembling shot grape.

1765 V do.— common variety.

1766 V Purple common porphyry, with crystals of earthy Feldspar.

1767.V Soft. stratified rock. like (1749)

1768.V Porph. with crystals of quartz.

1769.x Small bones. from Tosca bed. Shells from the oyster bed at the Bajada & part of rib from the Parana.

1776 Shells from the surface of the high plains. Port. Desire

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Fe: Port Famine

1785 1786 Fossil remains like a Cornu ammonis in dark concretions of limestone in the slate

[now at NHM identified as the Late Cretaceous ammonite Diplomoceras cylindraceum]

1787.1788 Compact calcareous slate, surrounding the above nodules: N. of P.St. Anna

1789x R

A 1790x Common slate (not calcareous) the harbor

B 1791x Calcareous. grey. earthy harder beds. frquently alternating with the slate

2:6v

1801. I saw one N. side point S[t] Anna. twice as large but could not extract it.— its relation to the animal (1785 is evident. but I think they are quite distinct.— These & the following organic remains. were found near the summit of M.Tarn 2600 feet high.

[this ammonite is probably the Late Cretaceous ?Maorites sp from Mount Tarn (NHM 2612) described by Edward Forbes as Ancyloceras simplex in Darwin (1846, pl. 5, fig. 2; see Lister 2018, p. 140).]

1813 North side of P St Anna.—

1792 I can see scarcely any difference with last rock. exception non calc[careous] & [vertical penstroke] enamel rather white.

1806 Rock blackish grey. fine grained, but same half kind of Cryst structure as 1792 & 1791.—

easily fusible into white glass. Non Cal[careous]:

1810. with a decided tendency to slaty structure

1811. Not laminated, slightly calc[careous]: all these I shd think mudstones

1812. Hard. strong rock. with a with a tolerably even even conch rough straight fract. full of crys of F. which certainly appear there crystallised. yet obscure. but sure traces of shells. & grains of Q.

2:7r

1834. Feb:

1792x R Trap-rock. little crystalline, fusible, cutting both latter rocks in dykes

Port St Julian

1796 Turtella shells from the great oyster bed.

1797 1798 [these 3 specimens bracketted together] P St Julian

1799.— Bone of extremity belonging to the others (1722.....1728)

1800. Box. containing the above & various shells. P. St Julian

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Port Famine

1801x .[180]2:[180]3:[180]4:- They are fragments of one spiral Nautilus (?) M[t]. Tarn

1805: 6x.— Detached fragment of do .— same sort

1807 :[180]8: Univalve shells: M[t]. Tarn

1809.— Bone of Echinus (?). M[t]. Tarn

1810.—x Coarse. yellowish slaty rock. abundant summit of M[t]: Tarn

1811x Greenish blackish grey rather coarse slate. with fragments of bivalve: (greywacke? . Rocky Point Henslow says a true fine greywacke

easily fus: pale green enamel. [last sentence in margin]

1812x Gre[y]wacke mudstone calcareous angular fragments alternating with last rock.

1813.x Curious organic impressions

2:7v

1815 This is the whiteish variety, part of great alluvial bed East entrance of H[arbou]r.

1847. These all come from bed of Alluvium: SE side of Bay.—

1854. On the left of the specimen. there was a mass of the black. corresponding to the right.—

1853 hard. sharp. irregular fracture & decidedly through fine crystalline structure, without any distinct crys. including patches & layers of black. fine grained altered clay. slate. extremities blending together yet injected veins.—

1855. Basalt perfect conchoidal fracture, full of fibrous green crystals. & what appear green Hornblende.—? black enamel

1856 not glassy & even fracture (Feldspar?)

2:8r

1834

1815x Pale grey extremely fine grained muddy, soft sandstone clay . alluvium with pebbles. Nr St[raits of ?] Garcia. 2nd narrows St of Magellan

1845 Organic remains. P St Julian same as (1800). a box.—

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Entrance of St. Sebastian bay or channel

1847 Muddy fine grained non: calc: leaves Earthy sandstone with impressions of leaves

1848x The hardest sort. in concretionary layer. calcareous with leaves.—

1849. Piece of wood in do.

1850. 1851. Shells. Crab & impressions of leaves in do.— [see Lister (2018, p. 107)]

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Wollaston Island

1853x Fine grained blackish green Hornblende rock very little crystalline of the hill higher parts

1854x Pale. yellowish green Feldspathic rock with layers & patches of black slate like rock occurring with above

1855x Black fine grained Amphibolic rock occurring with the above

[These three specimens are referred to in the Port Desire notebook, p. 27; see note to 2248.]

1856x Imperfect . Porphyry base of peak base base. crys. very numerous, not very well formed

2:8v

1869. Also base of Hill-

1857 Cryst. larger. fatty. scarcely any cleavage Feldspar?? V. app p. 20

1866. altered clay slate. passing into a Trap rock.— blacke enamel

1867. nearly similar base. rather more earthy fract. with disseminated crys of circular patches of small aggregations of greenish yellow partially decomposed epidote. or the granular mineral in series 185[??].—[18]65.—

1869 do do. base more feldspathic. Epidote quite decomp:- blackish grey.enamel..

1870. dark greenish grey. crystalline feldspathic nearly slaty rock. numerous specks of Iron pyrites & thread of calcareous matter.— surfaces of thick laminae with parallel striae as by fault

1868 Fragments small, almost blended together. black compact — non cryst.

1865. Angle 116°.40' Real ∠ 115°.30'

1861. Miller says. Green is Epidote by Goniometer & white appearance by blowpipe &c&c to be Prehnite.—

1860 do says has much appearance of Prehnite, give chemical characters on Paper. wh wraps it up. —

2:9r

1834. Feb: Wollaston Island

1857x. More perfect do, summit of peak

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1858 Irregular layer in Slate Thetis Baycompact calcareous fine grained sandstone grey. allied to the Slates

1859x....1865x Various curious minerals. chiefly garnets &c %. occurring in the three varieties of rock (1853-[18]55)

1866x hard Blackish green. earthy amphibolic rock. lower parts of Island

1867x do with greenish crystals [Darwin accidentally crossed the 7th letter rather than the 5th]

1868x L Blue green. finely crystalline. Amph Feldspathic base rock apparently containing fragment of slate

there three last occur commonly together

1869.x Greenish Amphi rock. with red crystals.

1870xx occurring with greenstone.—

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1873x hard altered felspathic harsh feel [in margin]

dark Bluish grey slate rock with small crystals of Feldspar; top of hill, 2000ft.

South side of Beagle Channel: WSW Picton Island

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Falkland Islands

1888 [18 covered by ink smudge]

R True Granular quartz rock New Island

1887x do with some Iron interstitial powder ferrug: very mechanical appearance

[these two specimens bracketted together]

2:9v

1888 New Island. is one of the most Westward ones of the whole group

1890 This is interesting as being exactly like the rock of Berkeley Sound. two extreme points of the whole group of Islands.

Specimens 1886.....1891. collected on board the Adventure.

1891... Probably drifted from one of the Antarctic Islands

1888. Coarse. particles of silex aggregated together by ferruginous cement. hard. compact rock, but not metamorph: [Darwin would not have been familiar with this word until May 1834 when he read Lyell (1833).]

1889: coarse. sandstone. not very hard, not at all metamorph:

1894. Cleavage. like paper perfectly flat. formed by minute scales of silvery mica. which do not appear to occur within stone. which is browner & more earthy, than last. minute grains of F. & earthy brown matter appear very closely cemented together: mica not produced, yet causing cleavage. mem[orandum]: Henslow (mem[orandum]: Henslow this very remarkable fact)

2:10r

1834. Falkland Islands.

1888xx Granular quartz rock, still more impure still more ompure — New Island of New Island.

1889.x do. from lower parts excepting from analogy I should have supposed this a mechanical aggregation of particles

1890x not much crystalline character

Granular quartz rock grains of quartz , cemented by white earthy matter: near Cape Meredith.

SW point of W. Falkland Isd

1891.x Black scoriae picked up on beaches: do serves as proof of great Southern current

1892.R Granular quartz. with black specks of imperfect gneiss mica .

1893. Micaceous. ferruginous quartz brown siliceous fine grained sandstone partaking in the characters of the quartz compact. irregular fracture & sandstone

1894x do. possessing a highly perfect cleavage from same site. & circumstances

[the last two bracketted together]

1895 rather soft white

Granular quartz rock . with earthy white particles, surrounded by rocks nearly similar to (1894). Has not a crystalline appearance each grained is coated with white particulate powder & so cemented

2:10v

1950 Looked like the ribs of a cornu ammonis.—

1886 Dirty greenish brown. st siliceous sandy. clay. slate.—

1897. same kind of fine grained siliceous sandstone mingled in irregular threads & blending together with a compact black clay slate

2:11r

1834 E. Falkland Isd.

1896x The last variety passing into slate

1897x The passage almost completed All obtained from a regualar succession. In Johnson Harbor.—

1903...1909 Sandstone with shells: from same site as last year.

Near the Town.—

1939...1944 Gorgonia? in micaceous sandstone organic tissue still present: about a mile further up harbor sandstone in slate [See Stone et al. (2015). 1943 is photographed in Pearn 2009, 65 and there is a photograph of 1944 in a 2008 Sedgwick Museum leaflet promoting the Darwin display at the Museum.]

1945.1946: Shells: found with above.—

1947. Pebbles with Corallines V (1947) other Note Book [i.e. Zoological specimen list, see Zoology notes, p. 400) said to be from Santa Cruz.]

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

April S Cruz

1948 Fossil shells; small arca. excessively numerous in soft muddy clay.—

1949. Fossil shells.

1950x Shells. adhering in 1/2 or 2/3 of circles primarily on the smooth surface of some ? large Volute or Buccinum

1951 [partly obscured by ink smudge] Shells.

1952 1953: Voluta, same as now living

2:11v

1957 All above specimens from a mile or two up the Southern arm of the river.—

1975. [see last line on 12r for start of this sentence] Appear like some large liliaceous plant curious if rock it should turn out to be of a Tropical appearance as a presumption of such climate in Lat 50° S. during the period.— [this specimen has been cut and polished and is NHM no.V. 4896 and is referred to in Darwin (1846, p. 115). The point about tropical vegetation so far south is echoed in the Banda Oriental notebook, p. 90; see Chancellor and van Wyhe, Beagle notebooks, p. 281).]

1969. Every charact. non Calc: as for decomp. F. rather less pure. hence not quite so white or so light

1976 Age Structure nodular. with very even smooth semi=conch. structure; every charac fusibility &c &. just same as

decomp. F. excepting in this case. the stone is compact & heavy. owing to elective property or concretionary power of Calc: matter:- does not adhere so much to tongue from compactness by slightly porcellanous fracture

2:12r

1834. April. S. Cruz

1954: [195]5:[195]6:[195]7: Buccinum

1958. Venus (silicified)

1959...1966 Various shells

1967.x Shells in bed (1969). which does not commonly contain shells.—

1968. -Shells

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Opposite the Anchorage

1969.x Common pale earthy sandstone under micros: micaceous angular & semitranspar. atoms with opake matter

with Gypsum & (salt 1946): generally more lined with ferruginous marks lines in above

1970x Hard — Calcareo. Concret: sphaerical masses

1971. Hardfine grained calcareo-Sandstone; containing shells, especially Venus in very large Concret.

smooth fracture masses: sphaerical

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1972 Shells same as (& locality) 1950

1973. Arca do.

1974. Voluta. yet partially retaining its color: found on surface bed of river Long. 70° - 72°.—

1975.x Fossil plant or woods this [sentence continues on 11v. 1975 is listed on 236.3.1r.]

2:12v

1978 & 1979: Parts of same.—

1980. Black. Basaltic crystalline lava with numerous circular oval vesicular black glass.—

1981-82. Rather more cryst base. with very few air cells.— a few specks of olivine

1985. Base. not quite so fine grained as last. but true fine grained basalt porph. with large. distinct crys. well formed of glassy F.— base fuses into perfectly black glass.— base not at all harsh. no. vesicles.—

1986. do. very slightly vesicular. abounding with the white crysts of glassy. F. many minute & disseminated, yet glassy — quite black. Crys of G[rey].— F. much fractured not possible to obtain cleavage planes.

2:13r

1834 April S Cruz

& following specimens of wood found on banks of river, presumed fr. oyster bed formation.—

1976x-- 1979. Wood.— [see Darwin (1846, footnote on p. 115); also Lister (2018, p. 96) for photo.]

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1980.x Specimens collected up the River Superior surface of Lava cellular from some of first or most East. part of bed: generally even much more cellular.—

1981x Columnar Common, highly sonorous lava, with Olivine

1982x Columnar. Lava. hexagonal with olivine

1983. Calcareous white friable matter filling up the intervals. between columns of above

1984 with not one vesicle Black fine grained Basalt Conch: fracture compact lava

1985.x do. Porph with white Crystals

1986x do. Greyer. coarser, with very many of do. Crystals

From summit of much higher field April 29th.—

[some of the specimens listed here seem to be referred to in the Banda Oriental notebook, pp. 274-274.]

2:13v

1989. - A very good series of specimens.—

1995. but very abundant is generally more or less penetrated by quartz veins. (- & masses granular of quartz)

1988. of the Gl[assy] F. a very rare small vesicle with strong lens. the whole rock black & white specks.

yet a jet black [illeg] glass .—

1989. a blackish grey very heavy compact Basalt. no vesicles. spotted with pale grey — which appears the rudiments of crys of gl[assy] F. some of which are perfect decompo[sed?]. externally rich brown.—

1990. cause of colour not distinguishable; rather more compact. th[an?] charact[eristic?]. Decomp. F.—

1993 true. decomp. F., a shade coarser so that the minute broken crys. in the white powdery substance can be seen with lens.

1994. Pale. mottled white with brown. siliceous. translucent siliceous Hornstone. edges can just be torched with Blow P. irregular fracture. Porph with few crys of F. & not infrequent grains of quartz Mem. Port. St. Julian. Pebbles.—

1995- Granular quartz. mingled. in small masses. & threaded like veins with a dirty green. highly crystalline slate. which readily fuses into white enamel

2:14r

1834 April. S.Cruz

1987. do. very Cellular. yet with the large crysts but not so abundant

1988.x Pale grey Lava. with few Large crystals [illeg] often much laminated

1989.xx Dark. heavy compact Lava. with grey spots.—

1990.x Essentially same. soft aluminous sandstone (sandy clay) as (1969). but a pale green colour.—

1991x L Same as (1969) but more laminated & ferruginous

1992 L White. Decomp. F. Aluminous substance (not effervesce) with minute extraneous particles, forming bands. between beds of such as (1969). slightly Flocculent beneath micros:

1993.x Slightly agglutinated sand with white & yellow bands. beneath the Lava. very common.—

1994 Immense blocks of this rock [illeg] scattered over whole surface 72-71. Long: Certainly the common rock of Andes in this Latitude

1995x do do do do. not quite so common

2:14v

2001 Striated. Mytili from the surface of the 355 foot plain.—

2:15r

1834 S. Cruz

1996. Characteristic specimens of the common "Gallstone by a Woods. B" [Gallstone Yellow is one of the colours in Patrick Syme's 1821 'Nomenclature of Colours' which was used by Darwin on the Beagle] Porphyry pebbles more or less Porphyritic, generally with small crystals of Quartz:

2001xx doubtless common rocks of Andes. in these Latitudes.

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2056 L Yellow. fine grained, much & evenly laminated clayey sandstone.—

C. Virgins

2057 R Interfolding beds of blackish hardened mud, with fragments of Slate C. Virgins.— May.—

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2058. A compact dark brown. blackish micaceous passing into portions of Clay S fine grained hard sandstone. common Rock P Egmont W Falkland.

2059. Conglomerate containing following shells:

2060...2065 Rocky Point: Port Famine — in the Slate.— Greywacke or Conglomerate; fragments almost blended together traces of shells, disseminated green particles: fragments appear like old sandstone & some chloritic rocks.

2:15v

2075 none of the characters so strongly developed. grey colour: obscure traces of crystallisation

2076 77. In the first of these mass inclosed . the slate quite passes into a fine grained greenstone; in the second it is merely. a grey highly crystalline (without distinct crys) feldspathic, the junction of this well defined, in the former. the two are blended together so that for two or three tenths of an inch it is not possible to say which is a junction. The greenstone in both. coarse grained, spots of H[ornblende] accicular. then of F. rather large & tending to become porphyritic

2078 the black part. distinctly crystallised. the facets of the F. & the crystals of H[ornblende]. can be distictly recognised.— not very equally crystallised

2079 fine crysts of Hornblende (55° 30'): many scales of mica.— crystals of Albite. (95°.95°.20' 94° 40' these differ much) But two mades 7°.15'.6°.25' numerous specks of pyrites. heavy compact rock coarsely crystallised.—

2:16r

1834 June 9th.— Cape Turn in the Magdalen Channel

2074 2075x Black Slate. with distinct cleavage but none in hand specimen but compact, hard, heavy altered, already slightly crystalline : specks of Iron Pyrites fusible splinters sharp fragments [these two specimens bracketted together]

2076 2077x do: which was enclosed between two great dykes or branches from a mass of Greenstone: in 2076. besides the main contact, a small thread-like vein is present: rock slate . highly but finely crystalline, pale coloured. Feldspathic. [these two specimens bracketted together]

2078.x The black part. is the fragment of Slate imbedded in the regular Greenstone such as below (speciemn bad)

2079.x Greenstone. with Mica. (& quartz veins): forming mass of hill, cutting through & overlying Slate.—

2154. Greenstone with cleavage Has to a slight degree a granitic character; coarsely grained.—

2:16v

2114. All the following specimens came from the peninsula of Lacuy. [Lacuy is on the NW coast of Chiloe so these are the first geological specimens Darwin collected from the west coat of South America. For an excellent facsimile of the Beagle map of Chiloe see van Wyhe, Beagle notebooks, p. 27).]

2085. Streaks approaching to Pitchstone, few crysts. of gl[assy].F.—

2086 with brown. parallel few streaks. slightly vesicular cellular . in centre.// 1087 [presumably a mistake for 2087].White glass

2088 parts purplish grey. parts. yellowish, parts decomposed. brown. mingled together. cells lined with ferrug & yellow matter

2089. Reddish purple. compact base smooth fract. sonorous, porph. with numerous. crys of gl[assy] F., base scratches glass. very translucent, points fusible with extreme difficulty, they can includes irregular patches of brown. Lava with earthy fract. & easily fusible. junction of the two almost blending together

2090 Yellowish partially decomposed lava harsh fracture abounding with G[lassy]. F. rather light from number of minute irregular vesicles

2092. Rubbly fracture. the greater part. consists of a Pitchstone [ink smudge] but with a fracture not very brilliant, this seems to pass into an earthy lava: melts into white glass

206 98 V. App. p 15

2:17r

1834 July. Chiloe

2085x Grey. earthy Lava with earthy fracture in close junction with 2092: 2093

2086x Close, compact conch. fract blackish grey Basaltic Lava

2087 commonest varieties do do do [these two specimens bracketted together]

2088x Lava highly vesicular passing into & of singular nature

2089.x Red Porphyritic Lava [these two specimens bracketted together]

2090x Yellowish les Crystalline kind

2091 L Earthy Lava or Wacke

2092 Pitchstone. the less compact specimen is very abundant quite white glass compact tolerably well character[ised ?]

2094. Pebble of Coal

2095.V Micaceous? Carbonaceous? veins in Volcanic Breccia

Like Hepatic Cinnabar Henslow [this name written in tiny letters]

2096 V. .99 V Various varieties of Lava

2100 V Laminated grey Lava from highest part of road to Castro.— Near to S. Carlos [ink stain]

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2114x V Pale brown, indurated earthy stone, fusible in Blowpipe

2:17v

2121. Varieties between this & 2114 from the commonest varieties in the Peninsula of Lacuy in bed about 100 ft above sea, with it were the other 2145. shells excepting (2146) from 648 ft hill & the Trochus & shell coloured fragments.

2142. It has character of Phonolite

2144 The whole stained brown by ferrug. matter harsh earthy fracture. but otherwise character perfect

2140. Finely crystalline Epidote with little Felspar. angle 116° 30'. observed by taking two brightest planes.

omitting one real angle. is 115° 30'

2:18r

1834 July. Chiloe

2115 V do. with earthy white fragments

2116:[211]7 V do: purer, whiter, harder, with numerous white fragments forming a Breccia -

2118. V Calcareous sandstone. concretions in above

2119. V Siliceous Alumin[ous ?]. concret masses, with Mica

2120 V. Blackish grey. laminated Clay. Slate Slightly flocculent under microscope

2121.x V Yellow. earthy stone

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

July Valparaiso —

2140xx Prehnite ?? forming mass in grantic vein

2141. Feldspar. Hornblend & Mica forming globular mass in Gneiss — granitic coarsely crystall:

2142x Blackish grey sonorous even semi conchoidal. Porph: with many acicular crystals of glassy Feldspar, common do & Hornblende forming part of contemp vein [this rock in referred to in Darwin 1846, p. 162]

2143 Greyish greenstone Felspathic base . porph. with opake felspar conch fracture forming a dyke in gneiss.—

2144.x Upper part of do dyke, much altered reddish

2145.x 2146. Recent shells

2:18v

2154 Rock cryst. Greenston[e]. felspar quite white, an obscure slaty structure — from posit. of crystals of felspar

2:19r

1834 Aug. Valparaiso

2149 Shells from 1003 feet high. Flag-staff hill.— lying on surface [these two specimens bracketted together]

2150

2154x Greenstone with cleavage, (owing to Chlorite?) . -Cascade.—

2155. Petrified wood in a conglomerate. Plazilla [this specimen is listed in Darwin02; the location is now Placilla]

2156: 2157. Black Schorl? in granitic vein:-

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Organic remains from bed of fine earthy sandstone at Navedad mouth of R. Rapel [Navidad is c 1 degree south of Valparaiso]

2220..2226. Shells from the harder grey. calcareo-sandstone in layers & thin concretions

2227 Petrified wood perforated by marine animals [this is NHM no.5230; see Thomas 2009, p. 27, figs. 1 and 3]

2228. 2229 Two gourds containing numerous shells

2:19v

2223 Base almost pure Feldspath R. Porph. with acicular glass & common ground Feldspar. Conch. f[racture]:- rest

with brown ferrug. matter.— rock altogether compact

2235 Cryst of G[lassy]. F. one or two angular dark coloured patches, as if of included fragments

2237. A rather compact nearly white Trachyte with a few Crys. of gl[assy]. F.: base with strong lens seen mottled with minute brown specks spots which are grouped in places into [illeg] also. brown streaks as if of from elongated decomposed crystals; like some of the rocks of Ascension fracture rather irregular.— [this note post-dates Darwin's visit to Ascension in July 1836]

2:20r

1834. Aug. Sept. Chili.—

2230 Compact fine grained dark. coloured greenstone. much Iron [this may be the first of the specimens to which Darwin gave a field number in the Valparaiso notebook, p. 81a; see Chancellor & van Wyhe Beagle notebooks, p. 359). See also note to image 149]

2231 Coarsely [illeg] irregularly Crystall do. Trap (Do not understand nature of either.— various Crystall substance.—

Between Cerro . Talguen & Porpico

2232 Black. very compact: Conch angular . f[erruginous]. Portico

2233x Greenstone. Fort of St Lucia. St Jago [Santiago, the capital of Chile. Darwin arrived there on 27 August 1834]

2234 Snuff brown -coloured Greenstone Tap . fine grained -ly crystalline much Iron. St Christophal St Jago

2235x Compact dull purple Conch.fr. Claystone Porph: Breccia . S[tratification]. just visible: Hill also at St Christophal [this may be 'Spec 8', Valparaiso notebook, p. 95a]

2236 R White friable. Calcareo-Aluminous substance interstices of tops of hills. St. Jago

2237x White Feldspath. R. slightly. Porph; harsh Hill near St Christophal.—

2238 R Greenstone highly porph with opake Feldspar

2239 R do. base coarser cryst: Andes front of St Jago [these two specimens bracketted together]

2240 R Tosca Rock. cream coloured: part friable upper surface. irregular. Podaguel. St Jago

2241 Horn Silver. [i.e. pyrargyrite] Coquimbo. Mr Caldcleugh [Alexander Caldcleugh 1795-1858 Private Secretary to the British Ambassador to Chile, who hosted Darwin in Santiago; see CUL-DAR35.227-229.]

2242 Monoceros (?) Cone ?. Shells worked for Lime near Quintero.— [probably a species of Conus]

2:20v

2243 Breccia stone, specks just visible by patches containing more crystals

2247 Much Agate in nests.—

2254. with Carb. of Lime

2243 blackish purplish black [deleted in pencil] brown. fine grained trap rock porph. with very few irreg. Cry. of G[lassy]. F.—

2244 Dark brown. fine grained. Trap

2249. Pale Grey base. abounding with small elongated crys of opake. F. & small balls of green earth. & irregular cavities filled by zeolite silex

2248 Brown - Trachyte. vesicular. abounding with small elongated crys. of fractured glassy Fe[ldspar]: dark greenish grey glass.

2251. Cellular. semi. decomp. Trap. cavities lined with ox.of Iron highly Porph. with glass[y]. F. may be semi=decomposed Trachyte

2252 Pale brown; sandy looking base, porph with fine crysts of Augite (?) F

2253 reddish brown base. Porph with numerous elongated crys of semi=glassy Fe[ldspar]. with vesicles lined with green. [blank] & filled with brown radiated substance cut by nail with irreg: amyg masses. of C. of Lime

V app p. 15

2254

2:21r

1834 Sept. Chili: Baths of Cauquenes

2243x Blackish-purp. slightly porphyritic structure

2244x Blackish-green. fine grain greenstone. from dyke cutting the above.—

2245 R Conglomerate matrix stellated Carb of Lime;

2246 Compact. dark blackish — purple, hand Claystone porph. abounding with large semi glassy crystals. of F; a few irregular vesicular cavities

2247x Rock allied to (2292). Feldspar in small plates [see image 149]

2248x Trachyte. cellular. with lengthened crystals of glassy feldspar.— [this specimen is in Oxford University Museum; see Darwin (1846, p. 175).]

2249. Pitchstone Porphyritic — white glass with num. crys of gl[assy]. F.—

2250 Compact. heavy. fine grained blackish Trap slate coloured greenstone a few some most minute

acicular crystals of greenstone feldspar

2251x Cellular crystalline rock (??) [the two characters in parentheses could be a reversed (Spanish) question mark followed by a 'G' for 'Greenstone']

2252 Pale. brown earthy fracture. rather harsh strong ?. Feldspath Base porph with small various ? crystals of F. & Hornblende few High up valley

Crys 127° 15' real ∠. 124° ∠30' [this note in margin under specimen number]

2253:x 2254 Allied to (2274 & 2292).

2255 twin crys of Augite Goniometer Highly almost slaggy. black cellular Trachyte. black enamel with crys of from surface of (2248)x

2256 ∠ 86° Bad observ Same grey as (2248)

highly ? more compact other minerals. as above [this specimen is in Oxford University Museum; see Darwin (1846, p. 175)]

Yaquil near Rancagua

2257 Granitic Syenitic rock. Quartz. Feldspar & with nest of imperfect crys. Hornblende. green

2:21v

2261 or better vein than temporary bad or "Broceando".—

2264. with pretty clear traces of Breccia structure.—

2265. This various degrees of hardness; base of all Porphyries

2269 a very obscurely brecciated u/

2258 This great rock of the axis: white opake crystall F. moderately well crystallised. green. Hornblende. very few scales of mica. + Quartz?? Albite

V. Measurement p. 7

2265. Extremely few crysts of imprefect reddish F.—

2267. Grey. Lava Like u few small irregular vesicular cavities lined with iron rust

2268. Has not character of Lava

2269 Purplish grey. base. speckled with green. & has earthy fracture. porphyritic with few crys. of F. & containing most obscure traces of embedded fragments

2:22r

1834 Sept. Chili: Yaquil

2258xx. As above: lower down mountain

2259. do. passing into Eurite [a syenite which appears to have flowed freely]? is not have & sandy feel

2260 R Copper pyrites. Gold. Plumbago from Durazno mine: rich in gold.— [A photograph of this specimen appears in a 2008 leaflet promoting the then new Darwin display at the Sedgwick Museum.]

2261x R Black stellated mineral in Talcaceous? yellowish wheel micaceous matter mingled with grains & small crystal of Quartz from bad vein. Bagos [this specimen may be the one referred to in the Port Desire notebook, p. 75; see Chancellor and van Wyhe, Beagle notebooks, p. 326]

2262 The regular gold ore as dug out of ground same as above. but still more friable in state of powder Bagos Mine

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2263 Crystalline structure just distinguisable Compact very dark slate coloured. 2nd semi=conch. fracture. Feldspath. R.: melting readily black enamel Side Chilicauquenas?

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2264 Campana. mountain. Quillota

2264x Large many opake irregular crys. of Feldspar in soft red. Clay-stone: base not very hard.= obscure embedded fragments

2265xx Red softish not hard, but difficultly fusible. strong alum. smell . Claystone base: ∠r fract irregular

2266 Greenstone blackish compact . porph with numerous crystals of Feldspar some minute accicular ones. rarely ? amyg with quartz.

2267x Pale carious . stony Feldspath Rock with cleavage

2268x yellowish green do. much more Crystallised & opake with yellow crys of Feldspar.—

2269xx Imperfect. very pale purple Porph: speckled with green stone mineral

2:22v

2280 These line parallel to former cleavage. Breccia structure pretty plain.—

2284 Crystals small.—

2277x. Approaches to charact of domite or very compact trachyte. base minutely speckled

2280 Claystone. abounding with nodules. & thin lines layers of white moderately moderately hard. earthy feldspar. with obscure crystalline structure then in ? lines frequently show tendency to contract & form crys of F.— There are also obscu nests and lines of Epidote, the latter not infrequently traversing the opake Felspar

2281. yet external form & of patches irregular through cleavage

2271. base tinged green. shows. obscure cryst structure, angular patches resembling Serpentine. irreg: fracture transitional fine dark green, soft. almost [scratchable] by nail: easy fuses — pale glass.— agrees last with Soapstone.

2273 . ∠ 109° ? what is it?-

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2275. Miller — decomposed rock, perhaps Augite having only one good cleavage, containing octahed. crystals of magnetic iron oxide Fe* + Fe***

2:23r

1834 Sept: Chili: — Campana Hill

2270 Compact. pale-purple. Porph. with rather imperfectly crystals of white Feldspar

2271x White strong Felds. R. with patches of white marly earthy earthy Feldsp & green mineral (Serpentine ?)

2272 Coarsely. highly crystallised greenstone

2273x R summit of Bell.— [these two specimens bracketted together]

2274 do with layer veins of green mineral Prehnite disseminated crys of Epidote

2275. Brownite? in greenstone base.

2276 Grey Slate-coloured. Felds R[ock?]. semi=crystalline base (allied to 2267.2268) semi=conch.fracture. like altered slate

2277x White. siliceous (?) compact irregular fract Feldsp R.— [see CUL-DAR35.377 et seq. for discussion of these specimens]

2278. same as (2276), rather more porcellaneous aspect altered slate

2279 Greenstone, pale grey. felspathic irregular fracture

2280xx Pale purple. compact. very imperfect Porph irregular fracture with lines of white Feldspar & Prehnite fracture

2281x do. Breccia structure not visible conch. fracture Feldspar & Epidote better crystallised, patches not so linear formed. F. with occasional decided cleavage

2282 Black-purple grey do : Brecc St[ructure] not visible but with crystals small not numerous. little prehnite [these two words heavily scored through]

2283 White Pale grey do.— do — do — do Epidote with

2284x Red. compact perfect Claystone Porphyry

2:23v

2286 Partakes of character of both.—

2290. As one of these characters predominates other sinks: observe the green mineral.—

2292 These plates are often cruciform.

2294 [sentence continues from entry on 24r...] base of (2283) with very few crys: also like altered F. Slate

2295 Slightly granitic structure or very near syenitic greenstone NB. Jajuel is at very base of Andes. near Aconcagua

2285. patches of a white hard. cry Feldspathic stone, show showing. in parts a well developed cleavage structure.—

2286 a mottled purplish green base containing several kinds of small crys (a porphyritic trap)

2287 pale greenish grey. fel[dspathic]. bas[e] porphyry with few crys of glassy F.

2288. Angular. & semi rounded embedded fragments, of a Rich red slightly crystalline Claystone.— some of the smallest fragments becoming porph.—

2289. The Porph structure of base is very obscure, but certainly exists. mottled with minute fragments.

2290. even angular fract. fragments (many of which are green & appear like jade, & the red claystone) blending & twinning together. whole messy fragments & base. decidedly Porph: though many few crysts very perfect

2:24r

the patches may be concretionary crys.— each patch looks like porphyry from containing minute crys.

1834 Sept: Chili: Aconcagua

[some of these specimens may be those numbered and listed under August from p. 32a and p. 75a of the Valparaiso notebook, although they may also relate to those listed on 2:20r. see Chancellor and van Wyhe, Beagle notebooks.]

2285x Coarse pale purp. Porph: with a Breccia Stone tolerably clear?; angular and rounded

2286xx Greenstone = Porphyry: Breccia: imperceptible

2287x Feldspath[ic rock?]. passing into greenstone. porph with Feldspar.— compact: great dyke [see Darwin's Beagle diary entry for 19-20 August]

Mines of Jajuel

2288x Coarse — pale purple Grey Porph. (with grains of quartz) & large well formed crystals of Feldspar: Breccia Struct. very clear: some bits rounded

2289x Compact. angular semi= Conch. f[racture]. do pale-purple Porph Breccia: (closely allied to a Porphyry: ∠r fragments intimately united & blended together.

2290xx do: but clearly porphyritic. not so clearly brecciated

2291 R True Pink Claystone Porph. with quartz [&] Feldspar

2292x V Measurement p 13? Curious. rock. base as before. plates of reddish V. Appendix p 20 feldspar & balls of green mineral diff. appearance as always

2293 Blackish. irreg. ∠r fract: altered siliceous infusible Clay-Slate?

2294x Compact. greenish grey pale. color: Feldsp. R[ock?]: like the [sentence continues in entry on 23v...]

2295x R. Fine grained. grey. greenstone

2:24v

2353 Though with numerous grains of Quartz yet whole fusible [into] black enamel.

2:25r

1834 Nov: Archip: of Chiloe.—

2339 &2340 Shell & Cast. in grey sandstone concretionary layer. mainland in front of Lemuy.—

2341..2347 Various shells from same locality.— as above

2348 Abundant silicified wood. Lemuy. [these specimens are referred to in the Port Desire notebook, p. 84; see Chancellor and van Wyhe, Beagle notebooks, p. 328). Darwin also mentions them in his Beagle diary, entry for 1 December 1834. 2348 is now in the NHM and is listed on 236.3.1r.]

2349 Less perfectly petrified wood front of Lemuy. [photographed in Pearn 2009, p. 84.]

2350 The commonest variety of Lignite Lemuy

2351 Lignite also common [photographed in Pearn 2009, p. 46.]

2352 Lignite. showing leaves: coast in front of Lemuy.—

2353x Common. very soft friable under finger with care . yellow. sandstone grains unequal size where Lignite occurs. Lemuy [This specimen seems to be split today between the Sedgwick Museum (see Pearn 2009, p. 46) and the NHM (Lister 2018, p. 105); both specimens are photographed.]

2354. do, rather finer & harder where silicified wood is imbedded. Coast in front of Lemuy.

2355x Layer of hard. pale-grey Calc sandstone composed of minute grains of 2 broken crystals (Volcanic?) hard. Estero de Castro

2356 Layer of hard. black-grey Calc sandstone near Lignite. not common. Lemuy.— easy fusible

2:25v

2358 Blackish Darkish grey hardish tolerably compact fusible mudstone sandstone (earthy )earthy fracture . common formation of Huafo. (Capt Fitz-R.) [This specimen is not listed on 2:26r but is cited in a interpolated entry in the Port Desire notebook, p. 108 (Chancellor and van Wyhe, Beagle notebooks, p. 333.]

2359. Rather Compact Trachyte. white crystalline base of glassy Feldspar; with few distinct ones, & elongated decom crys. of brown [space left for word] & patches thereof. Fracture straight rather harsh.—

2383. Base. rather earthy fracture. apparently mixed with much green. earth obscurely Porph — with very few imperfect crysts

2360 Distinct plates can scarcely be distinguished, this micaceous mass large in proportion to layer of pure quartz

2378. Will just soil white paper.— like black lead layers deeply striated. fuses into grey glass.— a larger piece whitens under blowpipe.—

2359. H[enslow?] [If this is an abbreviation for 'Henslow' it presumably means that the entry is the result of a consultation with him.] streaks of ferrug: matter. which appears a sort of outline of elongated crys. perhaps may be considered abortive attempt to form Hornblende very general in all trachytes.—

2:26r

1834 Nov. Archip. of Chiloe

2357xx Ash-coloured black enamel easily fusible indurated sandy stone clay .even under high power. particles scarcely visible excessively fine grained. much laminated. S. Extremity of Lemuy.—

2359.xx White. semi-cryst . feldspar with crystals of do. & ferruginous patches. forming regular columns. near Castro

2360x L Layers of quartz. thickly coated & enveloped black grey [illeg] mic (talcaceous ?) Micaceous Castro.—

2361 L Twisted layer of quartz coated by & enveloped blackish greenish grey silvery mica., San. Pedro.— in which the distinct plates can scarcely be [illeg] seen

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chonos. Archipel:

2378x L :2379 Thin Layers of quartz thickly coated black with. micaceous Phyllade substance passing into an Ampellite [these specimens are mentioned in CUL-DAR35.272-6. Ampellite is an obsolete term for a black carbonaceous or bituminous shale. See 2488]

2380: 2381 Greenstone, with grains of quartz from dyke traversing the above Schist:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Decemb: 21st Cone Harbor. Peninsula of Tres Montes

2382 Smoke-grey. rather earthy greenstone, prophyritic with indistinct imperfect crstals of feldspar & specks of green with green patches

2383x Contemp Veins in above, fine grained, green Chloritic greenstone

2:26v

2384. Compact. strong stone. with irregular fract.— easily fusible

2388. like (2386) but more irregular & not so porcellanous a fracture minute crys of F.—

2398. Blackish brown. highly crystalline Lava appears nearly . all crys. of gl[assy] F. & lava fuses into pale glass

2399. Agate. stained externally from dark red; organic matter (probably) for blackens under heat.—

2341. Brown. Volcanic mudstone, with blacker patches. as if of decayed vegetable matter

2342. Indurated brown. volcanic sandstone or mudstone. with small carious cavities.—

2390. Albite 86°. 44' & 92°. 42'. real ∠ being 93°. 30' & 86°. 30' cryst vesicular cavities lined with green earth

? 2401,2402 ------------ [these numbers refer to '2341' and '2342' misnumbered at the end of 2:27r]

2:27r

1834 Decemb: Cone Harbor: Pen: of Tres Montes

2384x Pale yellowish & grey pseudo breccia; fragments blended non calc: amygdaloid with quartz altered in the nature, most individually porphyritic (Exact Locality ??)

2385 Finely grained crystalline grey Feldspath rock (perhaps rather a fine grained greenstone (altered slate?) fusible

2386 bluish grey do. converted into Homogenious Feldspath rock with minute specks of quatrz: & crystals of feldspar: angular Conch porcellaneous = fracture, sonorous. fusible,-

2387 Black extremely sharp. irregular fract fuses into white enamel semi=feldspath rock ; altered slate

2388x Pale do, obscurely brec[c]iated; both these from the Cone Hill; latter highest part.—

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

S. Promontory

2390...[239]4 Brown & blackish grey cellular Lavas, with few small crys. of Gl[assy]. F.

2395...[239]6 Strong greyish black do compact L[ava]. with few cells

2397. Rubbly brecciated structure) inclining to brownish black imperfect Pitchstone do, with little lime in interstices

2398x Lava dyke. compact.— [see 2412]

2399: 2400:x Agate in sphere in Lava

2341:x 2342x Indurated. Volcanic Sandstone [Darwin meant to number these last two specimens, which are circled in pencil, 2401 and 2402; see end of 2:26v]

2:27v

2403 The greater number of fragments appear, like rather compact pumice, the rock is hard with harsh fracture though not very heavy

2404. Frag of a very highly cellular white Trachytic rock. cemented by crys calc Carb. of Lime.—

2405. Blackish Iron (black glass) irregular fracture with very few crys of gl[assy] F. & irregularly amyg.

with zeolite [fibres]

2406. Greenish brownish black, very highly cryst. lava almost made of cryst of F.

2407. fine grained compact pale & blackish brown lava mottled together with few small cryst

2408. blackish rather compact base. porph with very numerous. large. cryst of gl[assy] F. — Albitic

V. Measurements p. 12

2409. reddish brown base. highly amyg with Zeolite & quartz with few crys of gl[assy]. F.

2410 The Brecciated structure is evidently angular concret. like interstitial substance. greenish brown. glossy. small in quantity. porph. with gl[assy]. F. — NB. this concretionary structure seems to accompany all glassy volc. rock.

2411 dark brown. very finely crystalline trap. tolerably even fract

2412 like (2398)

2437 Grey. glossy. br striated feldspathic (easily fusible) hard & siliceous slate; appearing

2442. nearly.— rounded grains of quartz unequally disseminated. — highly crystalline rock.

2:28r

1834 Decemb: 23rd Cone Harbor

24034 x Brecciated (Pumice ) layer in above

2404x Calcareous cellular tufa (24th)

2405x: [240]6:[240]7:[240]8:[240]9.x Varieties of Lava

2410.x Pap of Breccialike Pitchstone

2411x :12x 13 grey porphyritic with numerous crys of gl[assy]. F. Dykes traversing the five foregoing sorts of Lava.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2437x Quartzose micaceous schist. Dark Harbor. Middle of north coast of P[eninsula of] Tres Montes. [see 2487]

2441. do doo with numerous some grains of quartz.— & small crys. of F.—

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Ynche Isd. N of Tres Montes

2442x Grey crystalline quartzose felspathic rock with [illeg] grains of quartz; easily fusible base, white glass

Green

2443 do. which becomes finer grained, with semi-conch. fracture & which seems partially Feldspathic.—

in common. crystalline felsp: or altered slate

2:28v

2460 The laminae are directly on the sloping face of Granite; in this individual specimen the granite is not so well characterised as usual.—

mica slate in very fine laminae: quartz small grained & perfect, but mica in very small quantity; at junction itself to the distance of few tenths of inch granite rather quartzose

2465 2465 Pale brown & white felspathic base abounding with octagons of quartz. & few scales of mica

[in the margin there is a diamond shaped symbol]

2467. Greyish white. cryst. Feldspathic rock. with crys of do

2468. Fine grained, friable with fingers & brown sandstone — easily fusible

2469. do. much harder. mottled, minute broken crysts

ynche

2:29r

1834 Decemb[e]r: "Patch" Cove [Zoology notes, p. 408) refers to "Patch Cove"] base of Granite range S of Ynche Isd.

2459 Tolerably regular layers of pure quartz separated by broad intervals of dark purplish black. Micaceous mineral mass has the aspect of gneiss numerous minute scales of mica probably united by siliceous matter

2460x Do. resting on Granite:

2461 Dyke of white decomp. F Eurite porphyritic with feldspar & large crystals (octagonal) of quartz. cutting the granite.—

a very few appearing Hornblende

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Anna. Pinks Cove. Jan 4th [1835]

2464 Blackish fine grained Greenstone Trap , dyke traversing mica slate.—

2465x Feldspathic. rock, white, with crystals of Quartz & Feldspar cut do — dyke white Feldspathic Greenstone

2466x supposed to be dyke. cutting do.—do- [these two specimens bracketted together]

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Former Lemous. Jan 6th.— [CUL-DAR35.268 is headed "Former Lemoos"]

2468. The common grey. sandstone. specks of Mica:

2469 former more common. latter more indurated with black: neither effervesces [these two specimens bracketted together]

2470 Layers of harder. finer grained, calcareous

2471 L blacker sandstone: with curious Concretions [these two specimens bracketted together]

2:29v

2511. These two specimens came from extreme West outlying Islands:

2887 [mistake for 2487] pale green glossy slate. appears talcaeous but is of a felspathic nature. allied distinctly to (2437). H[enslow]. says chloritic. probably felspar base: striated appearance: easily fusible into dark gr & black enamel

2488. the layers of quartz. swell out into little kernels. which frequently contain large crys of F.

2489. Blackish crystalli. base. porph with few g[rains] of gl[assy]. F. even fract

2490. Pale grey. flecked with red. base. porph. with crys. of F.

2491. do. more compact. less porph. specks of red ox of iron

2492. Pale brown base. with most numerous grains of quartz & crys. of F.

2493. Greyish white. compact. semi=conch. fracture homogenious. nearly smooth felspathic base, very easily fusible. white trans[lucent ?] glass. very translucent on edge, waxlike scales minute specks of quartz & Iron Pyrites. may be called a kind of Hornstone.— H[enslow].—

2488. May be simply. described as very glassy. & black, & only slightly staining paper. appearing as if rubbed by Ampellite consult Humboldt for latter name [presumably Humboldt's 'Personal Narrative'; ampelite is an obsolete term for a carbonaceous or bituminous shale. See specimen 2378 and CUL-DAR35.319-327].

2:30r

1835 Jan: Chonos Archipel:

2472. Lamelliform Corall encrusting one of the above concretions

2473 Shells &c from do Sandstone

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Lowes Harbor

2487x Green talcaceous-chloritic slate

2499xx thin rather sinuous Layers of quartz separated by black micaceous Ampellite. very glossy

2489x :2490: 2491: 2492: 2493: Dyke, traversing above Schists: the order expresses their abundance in the dyke: 2489. greenish black Feldspathic base. with do crystals 2492: with an abundance of quartz grains: 2493: beautiful white waxy feldspathic rock. with specks of pyrites:-

2498. R Chlorite Epidote & Feldspar, bed with micaceous layers in the Chloritic Slate (2487).—

2511x L p/ Pale-greenish Homogenious Feldspathic rock; deeply decomposing into a uniform reddish color forming dyke in the mica slate

2512 L p/ Distinct crystals of feldspar? placed amongst mica chloritic green mineral : bed in Mica Slate

2:30v

2513. diameter 3 1/4 inches: rather compressed

2516. Light, conch fract. (as before decomp F.)

2533. Marks paper. thin layers of quartz & black glossy matter

2534 of concretionary origin. fragment of dark brown & green earthy soft substance, yet who stone strong, interstices & thin veins of calc. matter.—

2513. H[enslow]. says very like balls in Magnesian Limestone make section & examine nature Blue matter supposed as Phosph. Iron [written over 'Lime'] whole fusible. blackens highly magnetic. black glass. with ease.— non Calc: central parts friable minutely broken crystals scarcely aggregated. nor compact. so as almost to show tendency to form minute interstitial cavities. centre a yellowish hard particles as if of a granular olivine.— external portions brown &appearing to have crystalline fine grained structure, which probably is owing to broken crystalls embedded in a crystalline oxide of Iron.—

2:31r

1835 Jan: Chiloe:

2513xx Concretion diameter from Tert: form[ation] of Chiloe

2514 (Headland. on which P Tenuy. is.) [see the Beagle diary for 19 January 1835]

small fragments all decomposed appear more like feldspath

Common brown, rather coarse soft . Sandstone

2515 Soft Brecciola. intermediate in its character, between the more compact softer ferruginous beds

2516x White Compact Aluminous. stone does not efforvesce.

2517 Very white soft very friable under fingers Aluminous? substance. does not efforvesce is harder in patches

2518: 2519.— Silicified wood. occurring in the above formation

2522. Greenish - Slate colored. compact basis with crystals of elongated yellowish & some glassy vitriglossy feldspar:-

2533x : Even laminated Ampellite. Chonos Archipelago. Lat: 44°. 13' .—

2534.x Another variety of the Brecciola from near the Sort with white patches at Chiloe

Huapi Lacuy

2:31v

2551. Coarse. soft brittle. earthy muddy sandstone

2562 Partaking of nature of the Ampellite. quartz layers. bulging into distinct grains

2:32r

1835 Jan

2535 Shells from hill 350 ft high in bay of S. Carlos. Chiloe

2536 Deers Horn found with the above:-

2537.....2542: shells in the Tertiary strata of the Isd. of Huafo.— [these specimens are discussed in CUL-DAR35.353 and may include the gastropods photographed in Lister (2018, p. 128).]

2543. Silicified wood, partially converted into Iron Pyrites.— Chiloe

2544. 2 Beetles from either the Cocao or Sugar, on board [Darwin re-entered these specimens in his biological list. See Zoology notes, p. 410. Smith 1987, p. 87 reports that they are lost.]

Feb. Valdivia

2547: 2448: 2549: 2550 — Venus. Mytilus. Solen &c &c. from Sandstone. Agua del Obispo

2551x Sandstone with layers of yellow sof[t] balls in Roots of Fucus??- [discussed in CUL-DAR35.348]

2552x Black Micaceous Slate

2553 Yellow ferruginous do. with very many: imbedded crystals of Feldspar

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2562......2568. Shells in a slightly calcareous sandstone, from the Island of Mocha.— Coast of Chili.—

2:32v

2578 All the above come from Lirguen [the name is spelt this way in CUL-DAR35.354, in the MS of the Beagle diary for 6 March 1835 and in Darwin (1846), although Nora Barlow gives Linguen in her 1933 Diary transcription, as does Keynes in his 1988 edition. Today it is known as Lirquen.]

2577 Appear to result from decomp ferrug granitic rocks.

2578 Soapy feel. twigs of plants in coal [Darwin has written the specimen number as 2378 by mistake]

2581 stone soft brittle

2582. perfectly friable under fingers. earthy matter: the white specks. appear decomp. F.

2583 with rounded grains of q

2:33r

1835 March. Concepcion

2570: 2571: 2572. Best layer of coal or rather Lignite. black glossy. little spec:gravity.—

2573 Upper poor bed

2574. Lower mingled with pebbles.—

2575. R Lowest. very hard. calcareous sandstone grains of pure quartz cemented together

2576 The common Sandstone. or rather agglom[eration] of sand friable fine grained slightly ferruginous

2577. Slightly Harder. ferruginous layer in do.—

2578x. Indurated Argillaceous bed (non calc fone grained bed. beneath layer of Lignite (2573) pale brown

2579 Silicified wood Quiriquina [2597 is listed on 236.3.1r.]

2580 do.— near Talcuana. [photographed in Pearn 2009, p. 84.]

2581 [deleted in pencil] D Isd. of Quiriquina

2581 x L Dark greenish hard. stone patches imbedding grains of quartz & [illeg] crystals.

2582.x L Exceedingly soft earthy sandstone imbedding white particles

2583xx L Light brown. micaceous soft sandstone with few impressions of shells — [see CUL-DAR35.351]

2:33v

2583. All these F. rocks are homogenious. crystalline & without vestige of other mineral

[15]88. Brilliantly crystalline black trap in which crys of F. can be alone distinguished. fuses into mottled grey enamel

2592. Snow white opake. earthy fract, finely crystalline base, with larger grains of q. — decomposed into a soft brownish rock

2:34r

1835 March. Concepcion.— Quiriquina Isd.—

2584 L p [deleted in ink] Black harsh curvilinear laminated Clay Slate

2585 L p [deleted in ink] More glossy. (scarcely approaching to what I have called Ampellite / even laminated do not so abundant

2586. L p [deleted in ink] Pale. greenish Clay slate. glossy.—

2587. L p [deleted in ink] Pale. Slate color. Feldspath. dyke

2588.x Brilliant grey. Dolerite (?) glassy Feldspar. dyke

2589 L p [deleted in ink] Feldspathic rock blended with red strong ferruginous particles. dyke

2590 L p [deleted in ink] Stony mottled decomposing base like sedimentary rock base. with crystals of earthy feldspar & octagons of quartz

2591 L p [deleted in ink] same as 2593. but partially decomposed

2592x L Snow white stony Feldspath with large octagons of quartz. dyke

2593 L Feldspathic greenstone base with large crystals of feldspar & large octagons of Quartz.—

2:34v

2598 obscure embedded fragments. of small size [specimens from here to 2762 are listed in CUL-DAR39.147.]

2601 Indurated tuf[f]

2605. Obscurely Porph

2606. fine grained granules mixture of F. & H[ornblende]. latter in nests so as to give the rocks a spotted appearance

2601.x V measurements p. 8 Fine white foliated felspar, abundant large plates of black mica. & a very little chlorite; with one single minute grain of quartz.— in fact an a quartzoze granite

2608. minute broken crys. easily fusible into white enamel:-

2603.xx Albite ∠. 94° & 86°. 42' (true ∠ (3°. 30'. 86°.30 ['])

2602. The crys are not very large; I cannot succeed in measuring this it is impossible to say very certainly whether. breccia structure is false or true

2603.xx few scales of mica. green Hornblende uu in pencil ∠ 124°.30' ∠.56°. 35': Albite [these measurements partly circled; see 2607] well foliated. large crys.— no Quartz

2607 Miller says Albite by Goniometer

2603x Miller says Albite.—

2:35r

Cordilleras of St. Jago - Mendoza

2598x White harsh earthy fracture decomposing Feldspath. R. with obscure tendency to Crystall in parts & bits of Chlorite streaks of dark green coarse rubbly fracture [These rocks are listed alphabetically in the St Fe notebook (Chancellor and van Wyhe, Beagle notebooks, p. 197 et seq.) and in CUL-DAR39.147c. Specimen 2598 is listed as 'A'.]

2599 Greenish slate Feld. base, compact, with few white crystals of do.—

2600 Pale light green base cementing together very numerous equal sized cry white F.

2601.x Closely allied to (2598)imbedded crystals much more distinct

2602x Brownish. Porph. unequal fract, few large white Crys of F. obscure Breccia stru=cture

2603x white foliated F with green Hornblende & Chlorite

2604. Heavy blackish green Hornblendic R uneven fracture. porph. with numerous crys of dark F.

2605x Compact, finely Cryst fine grained dark purplish stone

2606x Fine grained granite, with numerous nests of small crys. of (Hornblende?) [this specimen is discussed in CUL-DAR36.466 et seq.]

2607x Granite, fine white foliated F, black mica. grains of quartz?

2608x Compact, fine grained heavy purplish Red Sandstone

2609 Gypsum, saccharine structure [CUL-DAR39.147c gives 'fracture'], black water lines, containing little Carb: of Lime

gives out plenty of vapour

2:35v

2610. This rock common all north of Chili. I know not whether it ought not often to be called a Limestone

2610 white glass.—

2611. less black. rock: might either be called very argillaceous Henslow limestone. or if laminated C. C. S

2623. Grey. brilliantly crystalline. Anhydrite. (no vapour. scratch calc. spar. not efforvesce. (no carb of lime) melts with flour spar) (Henslow yes)

2624. ? Hornblende or Chlorite pale green. Felspar. partly foliated.—

2628. with apparently contemp. thread like veins of Gypsum

2630. hard pale lilac porphyry. with numerous & unequal sized crys. of F. & some large ones of Hornblende

2:36r

1835 St. Jago - Mendoza

2610xx Jet Black hard, laminated, Conch. fracture calcareous. Clay Slate: melts with great facil. transpar

2611x :2612: 2613: 2614: Shells in less laminated do

2615: 2616: 2617. Gryphaea: 2618. Bivalve [see Lister (2018, p. 144-145).]

2619 - Ammonite [these fossils are dicussed by Darwin (1846, p. 181).]

-2620 Snow white Gypsum with patches of black Crys of Carb of Lime ?

-2621 Very soft, in-pure Aluminous Gypsum

-2622 Hard compact Crystalline beautifully translucent do

-2623x Black-grey, coarse hard Crys. Gypsum??

-2624x Greenish grey. mass of small imperfect Crys of Fr, with little green substance in interstices & specks of Iron Pyrites

-2625 do. with yellow ochry powder in do & in lines

-2626 do do do, & much Epidote

-2627 Compact, blackish. Conch. fract. Limestone

-2628x Black Calc, apparently Carbonaceous, Slaty rock

-2629 Conglom: Calc cement chiefly small pebbles of Quartz brown & Limestone &c &c

feldspar

-2630x Silic: Porph: with black Crys [specimens from here to 2716 are listed in CUL-DAR39.147-148]

2631 Laminated very fine grainesiliceous micaceous grey Sandstone

2:36v

2643. Is not this union of Olivine & glassy Feldspar very remarkable? Would this Greystone melt into a white enamel?

2632. with black atoms of some fine imperfectly crystall mineral, & small spots of an ochry powder

2636 irregular layers of q. coated with micacious mass scales of mica small.—

2642 Pale grey.compact uneven fracture. lava. full of minute grains of Olivine

2643. minutely vesicular in sinuous parallel. closely approximate lines, minute grains of [illeg] Olivine & mica crys & Feldspar

nea very pale grey feldspathic lava.

2644. Black. brown mottled. crys of glassy F. & few specks of olivine (both certain) & Zeolite Amyg:- base fuses into pale green enamel

2645. exceedingly like Lim.— but decomp[oses?]. Trachyte is ashes. easily fuses.—

2633. Felspar cleaned exact 90°. therefore not Albite [this entry has a feint line above and below]

2:37r

1835 St Jago - Mendoza

2632x Granular quartz R. with specks of black mica [these rocks are listed in CUL-DAR39.148]

-2633x Large red Cry of F. & Quartz imperfect mica plates of Talc?

-2634 Flesh red Euritic near Hor[nblende ?] compact F. & atom scales of mica R. grain of quartz

-2635 ? Green do H[enslow?] like Pyrophysolite

-2636x Micaceous R. containing quartz

-2637 Dull Black do, compact passing into Clay Slate, with contorted layers of Q[uart]z

-2638 Black. micaceous R. passing into Clay Slate

-2639 Conch: fract: pale brown Feld: base with Cry. of F. & grains of Q[uart]z

-2640. Blackish Crys. Feld. Greenstone R ['R' written over 'Greenstone']

-2641. Chestnut Brown ferruginous do do

-2642 Greystone Lava, harsh with much Olivine

-2643x do, carious in lines, with do, & specks of black Mica & acicular Cry of glassy Fr.— [this entry partly scored through]

-2644x Blackish do with Olivine & Zeolite

-2645 Fine cellular red brown Scoria.—

-2646x White slight, friable Aluminous Stone

2647 ['2' may be concealed in the hinge of the notebook] Greenish - grey, siliceous , grauwacke round bits of quartz & Slate

2:37v

2651 Externally appears like sandstone. but consists of fine lil probably of finely broken crystals; & is fusible into white enamel, fine grained. totally hard.—

2652. appears as if decomp. Fr

2653. not very easily fusible. not friable with fingers

2654. may be considered. as compact F. R. with earthy fract.— fusible.—

2655. cannot say whether the crystall. structure is owing to. embedded decomp. F. or to reproduction.—

2656. small patches of soft dark green mineral. appears to be collecting into small patches

2658. Pale greenish grey. crystallised Fel. R. with minute atoms like crystals probably Hornblende

2:38r

1835 St. Jago - Mendoza

2648 True fine grained laminated. micaceous. blue Clay Slate [this specimen is exceptionally interesting because it is one of the few which are mentioned in Darwin's field notebooks e.g. 1853-5 and 2358 (Port Desire notebook, pp. 27,108). 2648 is in the St Fe notebook which records the St Jago-Mendoza traverses (Chancellor and van Wyhe, Beagle notebooks, p. 219). On p. 148a of the notebook, for 26 March 1835 (the day he was bitten by the 'horribly disgusting' benchuca bug), Darwin mentions 'upper plain composed entirely 15(2648)', the '2648' obviously being a later insertion as he could not have allocated that number until at least mid April. That Darwin converted field number '15' into '2648' confirms that the list on CUL-DAR39.148b can be used to translate field numbers into final specimen numbers.]

-2649 Compact . hard Conglom: Calc: Cement, grains of Quartz & Feldspar, pebbles & Porphyry

-2650 compact. small conch: fract purplish Porph. with red Cry of F.

-2651x Fine grained sandstone, ferruginous water lines particles closely united by some cement

-2652x Pale puple Sands[tone]: grains. generally not siliceous

-2653x White earthy hardish, slightly Calc. substance like decomposed Feld. stony Aluminous smell

-2654x do, faint green tinge, harder, more compact & homogenious

-2655x do. imbedding grains of quartz & extraneous fragments & assuming a granular Cryst structure

-2656 Pale grey. hard (scratch glass) siliceo-Alumino earthy base, with imbedded grains of various substances & apparently amygdalized with Chlorite?? Alum smell fusible i in marginr

2657 Numerous little pebbles grains some rounded of quartz, cemented together by Ferrug: Alum: base, with little rounded or ∠r. (of (a Concretionary balls? nature )balls of white Aluminous substance like 2654

2658x Grey. Cryst Feld. R:- Crys of F. with fine Hornblende? in the interstices

2:38v

2663 V. Measurements p. 5

2661. Black enamel

2662. very irregular. angulo. concret. drusy cavities. white. quartz like. scratched glass. but fuses pretty easily

2664 the part. wh. looks siliceous is in fact fine grained felspathic. fuses. readily. granite. fine grained. mere points of black mica Felspar best developed.—

2667. Porcelain rock. fusible

2671. Ferrug. carious like scoria

2673. dark. nearly black base. smooth conch. felspath. trap crystalline, with amygdaloid cavities with Lime

2674. Bluish grey. trappean rock filled with large. distinct crys of Carb of Lime [these rocks are discussed on CUL-DAR35.508]

2675. brown d with pencil fine grained trap blue ?/grey

2676 Greenish base flecked with atoms of green earth & white carb of Lime.—

2677. dull purplish base. angulo-concretionary structure, abounding with little nodules of pale green earth & Calc. spar.

2678. fine grained crystalline black trappe Albite no large crystals

2679. allied to 2677. but purplish. the crystals of felspar can just be distinguished. mingled with green earth & balls of do.—

2681. fine mixture of minute. semi-decomp. elongated crys of F. with ferruginous specks: kernels of white, or pale green. compact feld rock. mixed with soft ferrug matter, other spherical balls of dark brown ferrug: matter, friable. which

VAp [page number hidden in hinge of page]

2:39r

1835 St Jago - Mendoza [the specimens below are discussed in the St Fe notebook, pp. 164a-168a, for 1st April, and CUL-DAR35.514 and listed in CUL-DAR39.147d]

2659 Pitchstone, very unequal fract, Crys of C. of lime

-2660 Black grey Hornblende? fine Crystl R Trap.

-2661x do Black rather coarse basaltic like . conch. fract:

-2662x Probably same nature with (2653), but much harder & more cryst.

-2663x White foliated Fr[acture]: black Mica, little Hornblende No Quartz?

-2664x One half spec: blackish Sil[iceous]: rock, other half fine Crys. Feld. with very numerous round grains, minute of Quartz

-2665. Imperfect mica granitic. Cryst. ferruginous Feld R.—

-2666. The width of Gia black brown hard ferruginous - Gold ore

-2667x. Compact. Conch sharp edged true heart fract. white. siliceo. Feld. R.

-2668. Rather less hard & harsh. than (2662)

-2669. Gold ore, (said to be Phosphate of Lime)

-2670. do, with Copper

-2671x 2672 L[ost ?] Gold ores. (rather like Yaquil)

-2673.... 2679x.x.x Various curious Cryst R. (2677 like Toadstone) [St Fe Noteboook, p. 173a "Mem: Toadstones of Derby"]

74°.30' real ∠ being 74°.55[']

-2680. mass of Carb of Lime included in above

V App[endix p. ]15

-2681: 2682x : indescribable: I am nearly certain belong to same bed

-2683. Lowest part of bed, by junction indescribable

2684: 2685 Compact, blue-grey R, perhaps same nature as 2654, with impressions of Vegetables

2:39v

2691 Pale dirty green. nearly compact but certainly crystalli fel[d]sp. rock. very minute cavities.— no siliceous

2695. Whole rock closely of nature of Pitchstone. but not so glossy.— bits embedded in lines as if by water deposition

2696. of which many of the crystals certainly are felspar

2698. passing into a mudstone. where elements are so united as to appear semi= crystalline

2700. Here mudstone would be most proper name,- structure really almost cryst:

2701. well crystal. white Fels. with ferrug[inous]. matter in interstices & partially empty amygd[aloidal]: cavities.—

2702. Pale brown grey compact heavy, hard mudstone. mottled, with broken crystals easily fusible.— non Calc !! calc in parts

2700 easy fus. pale green glass. V. App. p. 15

2696x Coarse angular fracture basalt, abounding with decayed copper brown crystals. of an augitic mineral —

easily fusible, magnetic bead

2:40r

[the following specimens are from localities at or near 'Darwin's Fossil Forest' at Agua de la Zorra in Medoza Province, discovered by Darwin on 2 April 1835 (see Lister 2018, p. 98 and Chancellor 2023). The specimens are discussed in CUL-DAR35.518 and listed on CUL-DAR39.147]

1835 St Jago - Mendoza

2686 Blackened Rock, heavy, irregular cavities & stained throughout with iron

-2687: 2688. White rock, such as (2690) the above blasted & blackened

-2690 Fine grained hard conch. fracture Alumino ferrug. R. perhaps like (2653) but slightly granular, like Sandstone

-2691. Light brown compact Sandstone where particles are not all siliceous

-2692 Blackened R. like 2686

-2693 Whiteish Feld R. with ferrug. matter in interstices

-2694 Like (2655) without extran: particles & crys more developed

-2695x Pitchstone, in which rounded bits appear imbedded in a hard sedimentary R. (seen by Wetting)

-2696x Black coarsely Cryst like Trap rock, yellow Crystals

-2697 Carb of Lime

-2698x Compact. fine grained greenish grey sandstone Minute broken Crystals

-2699 Nearly similar to (2690).—

2700xx Very compact, & fine grained purplish Sandstone

-2701x Allied to (2699) curiously amygdaloid.

-2702x Sandstone which has touched the Trees

-2703 Silicified wood [photographed in Pearn 2009, p. 84.]

2704 [diagram of wedge-shaped segment of a tree] section, which shows external surface. [of a] diff: tree ['Darwin's Forest' at Agua de la Zorra is described in CUL-DAR38.517 et seq. 2704-6 listed on 236.3.1r. See Chancellor (2023).]

2:40v

2711. Irreg fract. Alum[inous ?]: Limestone

2714. Black. brilliant. Conch. fract. Basalt

Many Some minute acicular crys of Gl[assy] F. can be distinguished could not measure by goniometer & others of Augite? after fusion becomes highly magnetic.

2715. Indurated Shale. (Mem: coal formation of Pasco) [since Pasco is in Peru perhaps this note was added after September 1835?]

2717. dull red, obscure brecciated stone, abounding with crys Calc. matter. & amyg. with little green earth.— brecc. structure. probably is concretionary — but nature? — [specimens from here to 2762 are listed in CUL-DAR39.148]

2719. I cannot say whether cryst or sedimentary I

2721. it will be important to know origin of this rock, on account of F. parallel layers

2722. earthy very irreg fract

2723. Slaty, crystalline (altered slate?)

2718. scarcely fusible. the merest point barely touched.—

2709. ∠ 74°. 50'. real ∠ 74°. 55'

2:41r

[see Thomas (2009, p. 32) for a photograph of 2706 and some notes signed by Darwin held by the NHM concerning specimens 2704-2706 from Agua de la Zorra and 3092 from Copiapo. All these specimens are held by the NHM. Lister (2018, p. 99) also has a photo of 2705-2706.]

1835 St Jago - Mendoza

2705: 2706: 2707: 2708 - Fragments near centre of one tree

2709x Carb of Lime replacing wood

2710 do. drusy lined with minute Crys of quartz

-2711x Pale brown, much indurated. Calc. Marl replacing tree

-2712 Copper ore, from mine. I believe same formation

-2713 Blasted R:

-2714x Black. Cryst: (Augitic?) R

-2715x Jet black, laminated, very compact, non Calc Clay Slate: with vegetable impression on the surface

-2716 Brick red, hard, crumbling fract, sedimentary unequal rounded & broken crystals particles imbedded in fine basis

-2717x Red. pseudo-Brecc. Cryst R. do not know nature

-2718x Nature between 2653 & 2654 - non Calc

-2719.x Numerous cry of F. & Q. in a sparing red basis

-2720 Glossy rather harsh fracture, coarse grained Clay Slate

-2721x Layers of Cry of F. in a purple Clay-stone base

-2722x White earthy. Feld: base with obscure patches of more Cryst. pinkish Feldspar

-2723x Apparently a greyish granular Feldspath R.—

2724: 2725. Salmon-coloured, compact Feld R. with red=dish small Crys of F.

2:41v

2727. broken particles of green & red rocks & crys; fusible. not very easy

2734. untouched parts. white. extremely hard, siliceous with brecciated struct:

2735. nearly all soluble. quickly in warm Muric Acid. then in minute particles adhering as if of an amygdaloidal pink rock. may be called Magnesian Limestone. H[enslow]. [Henslow (1822) had described the then termed Magnesian Limestone of Anglesea.]

2738. fragments all appear dull purplish very compact embedding grains of quartz, & sometimes crysts of F.— not fusible

2739. Mica often Hexagonal

2737. earthy bas[e] appears cryst; the red crys rather opake. apparently iron. no doubt crystllized brown oxide of iron.— balls truly spherical of Carb of Lime coarsely crystallized.— base purplish grey. fine grained, crystalline full of above two ingredients, & something other matter fuses easily into dark green glass.—

2731. bits angular. irregular fracture. translucent bright green. almost cut by nail. under B.P. fuses into white glass.— which character agrees with soapstone but not with Steatite.— but is too hard & not greasy enough

2:42r

1835. St.Jago - Mendoza

2726 Dark blueish F. R. porph with minute acicular Crys of glassey glassy Feld (& Olivine?)

-2727x Greenish white, earthy, harsh fractu little friable aluminous substance, with broken extraneous particles

-2728 Ore of metal??

-2729 Argentiferous Lead

-2730. Gold ore, like that at Hornillos

-2731x Red brick colour paste: Porph. with Crys of numerous Qu & F & bits a green substance, which resembles. Jade

-2732 Grey. semi -cryst F. R. with concret: or Conglom: structure semi-cryst

-2733 Feld R. tinged black with Hornblende?

-2734x Rock altered with metallic ferrug. veins

-2735x Yellow fine grained Limestone, efforvesces strongly Magnesia?

-2736 Pale. lilac base with numerous Crys of white Feld & black mica.—

-2737x Purplish-grey. Stone composed of minute little specks of Cryst. Carb of Lime & earthy material, & red Crystals & amygdaloid with Carb of Lime

-2738x Coarse hard red Conglom, cement Calcareous

2739x White Cryst. Feld base & little soft ferruginous patches, with numerous Crys of white Feldspar & scales of black mica

2:42v

2741 Heavy compact stone, nearly black, base decidedly crystalline. non calc. easily fusible into green glass. yet allied to (2737) - red crys probably same nature as (2737) = decidedly igneous igneous rocks. = calc. matter in specks. & some irregular amyg[daloidal]. cavities lined with epidote

2744. Contains Calc matter in lines. grey brilliant saccharine fract, give out vapour. yet portion scratch glass & resemble the anhydrite

2749 knife scratches limestone containing a good deal of Alum: matter

2:43r

1835 St. Jago - Mendoza

2740 L Dull purplish. fine grained . Calcareous Sandstone. Crystall aspect

-2741x Basis like (2737), with white Calceous]. specks & amygdales with red crystals

-2742 Pale purple, very compact, fine grained. slightly Cal. Sandstone.—

-2743 White Gypsum, & contorted layers of purplish impure. Aluminous. non Calc do.—

-2744.x Gypsum partaking character of 2609 & 2623 [see CUL-DAR35.539 for discussion of these specimens]

-2745 do. like (2609)

-2746 Pure soft Gypsum

-2747 Red purple base with numerous frue Crys white Feldspar

-2748. Red fine Conglom: grains of qu[artz] quartzoze, with white earthy F patches which appear owing to sort of Cryt process. one little white white patch is traversed by hairs of the red basis

-2749x Dull. whiteish. very compact. hardish. heavy. non Cryst. Calc. Aluminous R: weathered fracture bright red

-2750: 2751 White Cry. Limestone, numerous impressions of shells (& specks of Bitumen!)

-2752 Oyster shell in do

2753 Blueish compact, irregul fract. very Aluminous Limestone [the '2' of '2753' is hidden in the page hinge]

2:43v

2755. compact. almost cryst struct:

2756. soft green mineral appearing Chlorite [there is a small pencil sketch appearing to show a stepped line which perhaps relates to the terraces of Coquimbo]

2759. V. Measurements p. 17 [CUL-DAR35.536 discusses this specimen for being mistaken as a guanaco bezoar stone]

2709. I find this number lost

2791. Lower part of intermediate bed

2:44r

2754 Brown, hard, Calc. fine grained Sandstone ferruginous veins

-2755x Dull purple, fine grained Calc. Sandst

-2756 Confused mass of white Cryst. Feld. containing more perfect foliated. Cry. & & specks of Chlorite?

-2757x Bright Green base with numerous plates elongate like crys of white cryst Feldspar & Amyg. with Agate quartz & of green little balls

-2758 Granitic? base, with metallic veins S. Pedros de los Nolasko [this locality is mentioned in the St Fe notebook, p. 217a]

-2759 Balls produced by dripping of Hot Spring Incas Bridge

-2760 Silicified wood from Uspallata.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2761 Small shells from 557. ft. Valparaiso.

-2762. Greenish Feldspathic R. with small brecciated structure. quartzoze fragments. Isd. at Pichidangui [Darwin was in that vicinity in late April. He reached Coquimbo on 14 May 1835]

-2763 Black-green - finer grained greenstone trap Conchalee . Isla Verde [near Los Vilos; see CUL-DAR35.550]

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2777. Shells. Porph: Breccia: formation. descent from Aqueros. Mineral. Coquimbo.—

2781...2788 Shells. do do (Rio Claro) do.— Elque

2789x Shells upper Calcareous or Tosca rock Coquimbo

2790 do do do

2791x....2797 Shells. Shells. Collected Covington, same stratum containing large. Oysters & the crescented [This word also occurs against 2844 on 45r] Muscle. [Syms Covington was Darwin's servant. Darwin was collecting shells to estimate the ages of the raised beaches of Coquimbo. 'Muscle' here means Mytilus, the common mussel (Darwin often misspelled this word during the voyage). Some of these molluscs were described by George Sowerby in Darwin (1846). See Lister (2018, p. 118) and CUL-DAR37.655 et seq.]

2:44v

[blank page]

2:45r

1835 Coquimbo.—

2798. 2799 Shells. in the intermediate bed collected by me, little beneath Tosca

2800 :2801 - do do do

2802.....2810.2812. Shells from lowest Sandstone bed, in Concretions in Herradura Bay

2813 - 2818 do do do -

2819. 2820.— From the Tosca conglom: on top of low plain near Ship. —

2844 Shells. Coquimbo, close beneath the white bed: yet associated with grandcrescented [This word also occurs against 2791..2797 on 44r.] Mytilus

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2846 Silvery Micaceous Clay. Slate, when scales are not visible. Concepcion.—

-2846 2 species of recent Venus, upper gravel Port of Copiapo [specimens 2846-2849 are mentioned in the Despoblado notebook, pp. 39b-41b (see Chancellor and van Wyhe, Beagle notebooks, p. 538)]

-2847 Soft. Very fine sandy Clay mudstone . (or Rather stone) Yellowish color, thinly banded with colors. do

-2848: 2849 Nearly black, fine grained Feldspar rock, more or less siliceous? structure like Clay Slate Copiapo

-2850 Grey. Feld base. full of nodules of Quartz Agate & Epidote [Specimens 2850-3133 are listed in CUL-DAR39.153-157]

2851 White siliceo carious base with imbedded grains of Quartz — [the '2' of '2851' is obscured by the hinge of the page]

2:45v

2853. crystalline. looks like F. but is infusible

2854. fusible

2862 edges fusible

2863. almost black Hornstone. fusible

2:46r

1835 Valparaiso

2852 do. d[o]. with ferrug specks & others of Chlorite & black specks

-2853x Grey siliceo Feld base, with minute scales of white mica

-2854x Green compact Siliceo. Feld, with veins & specks of Quartz

-2855 dull green. fine-grained felspathic greenstone

-2856 Quartz or Schorl? decomposing

-2857 Dull green coloured fine grained Greenstone the Hornblends collected into specks so as to give rock mottled appearance

-2858 do. more yellow, more Feldspathic do

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Valparaiso to Coquimbo

2859 Compact. Conch. fract. yellowish green R., with (broken?) Cry of F: small & bits of black cry[stalline]. rocks imbedded, edges blended away:

-2860 Grey Feld Cryst R. passing into Greenstone becoming highly crystalline

-2861 [illeg] Green compact Feld base, with glassy & common cry of Felds.—

-2862x Compact. purple-red jaspery base in appearance containing obscure particles blended together & perhaps Porph with Feld

2863 Dark purple. very compact conch: fract. Jaspery R. Iron pyrites in threads

2:46v

[blank page]

[2: Inside back cover]

[pencil sketch of a vertical kidney shape, concave to the left, with two small circles at the bottom left; possibly an island, such as Chiloe.]

[2: Back cover]

[blank]

[TRANSCRIPTION OF CUL-DAR236.3]

[3: front cover]

Geological Specimens

From 2864-3742

[Specimens 2850-3133 are listed in CUL-DAR39.153-157 as follows: CUL-DAR39.155 lists 2850-2900; CUL-DAR39.153 lists 2901-2952; CUL-DAR39.156 lists 2953-2995; CUL-DAR39.157 lists 2996-3133. The front cover of the notebook is photographed in Grant and Estes (Grant 2009, fig. 25E).]

[3: inside front cover]

C Darwin

3:1r

Red = 1000+ &c

Green = 2000+ &c

Yellow = 3000+ &c &c

Specimens sent to Dr Brown

1575

1975

2348

2597 [sic - transposition mistake for 2579] 8 specimens

2704

2705

2706

3092 [these specimens are bracketted together; most match the NHM list 408865-1001 available in Darwin Online and almost all these specimens are still in the NHM. Four of the specimens are also listed in 236.4.47v under the heading 'Mr Brown'. Robert Brown (1773-1858) was the British Museum's first Keeper of Botany. Since 3092 post-dates Darwin's stay in Iquique the list cannot have been written before mid July 1835]

3:1v

2867. adheres to tongue. a very alum smell: some of the layers. have an almost cryst structure: easily fusible green glass

2868. passing into character of indurated shale [specimen 3043 is compared to this specimen]

2869. veins which appear green felspathic rock parts approach charact of Horn Stone is as if baked H[enslow]

2874. Would not mudstone be good name? fusible with difficulty

2876. Describe the genus. as mudstone

2870. with Blowpipe can scarcely perceivetouch finest point

2872. infusible

2874. Calcareous Clay Stone H[enslow] not adheres to tongue

2869. extremely hard. steel not touch. yet fusible with ease into white enamel.— there are veins of layers & whole substance passes into brighter green decidedly crystalline rock. which may be compared to a compact Epidote

2874. small embedded crys apparently of oxide of iron

3:2r

1835 Valparaiso - Coquimbo

2864 White imperfect. foliated. Fr & much green Horn Blende

-2865 Micaceous Iron ore

-2866 Green-coloured friable earthy slightly indurated Agill[aceous]: Calc. Stone

-2867x Clay Shale H[enslow] Laminated (not thinly) greenish white partially indurated Arg. slightly Calc. Stone. laminae even

-2868x do do more indurated passing into charact of clay stone

-2869.xx Very hard compact: green. laminated Porcelain R. containing Calc: matter in lines

-2870x Black.very hard, uneven splintery fract siliceo. Calc: Clay Slate

-2871V do, softer. more Calc: threads of brown. Calc: spar

-2872 do. with even fracture

-2873 do. with obscure small patches of substance like siliceous Pitchstone

-2874xx heavy Yellowish-green. compact. fine. grained. square fracture slightly sandy feel Aluminous stone non. Calc.

-2875x do, rather coarser grained. slightly laminated, non Calc. specks of Mica

-2876x Compact brown. ferrug: Calc. Alum. smell Silic Stone

2877 Cryst. Calc. particles & others broken extraneous imbedded in whiteish Aluminous base mottled with ferruginous matter; not very hard

3:2v

2890 White opake scarcely cryst. Felspar. granular with very pale green chloritic mineral & few most minute scales of silvery mica

2891 compact Clay. Stone

2881 [vertical ink stroke down to '2882'] V. Measurement p. 8

2882. V--------------------------------------------------p. 9

2896----------------------------------------------------------p. 12

2897 [bracket in margin] Pro. Miller says it consists of Carbonate of Lime & pentoxide of iron.—

3:3r

1835 Valparaiso - Coquimbo [these specimens are listed in CUL-DAR39.155]

2878 Rather harder, carious siliceo ferrug. Alum Stone

-2879 Cream colored soft. Calc. Aluminous Stone (Tosca Rock)

-2880 Greenstone Trap . F. yellowish. unequally distributed

-2881x do Greenstone . whiter, white Feldspar. partially foliated chief constituent

-2882x Rich Pinkish white, fol: F, green cryst. Hornblende (one grain of Quartz?)

-2883. Apparently vein of Quartz associated with Gypsum Copper Pyrites & the greenish Aluminous. Calc. Stone

-2884 Carious quartzoze. stone. with much bright red ox of Iron

-2885 Same as (2867)

8 2886..........2889. Silicified wood. grey colour; 2889. grey & black mottled [2889 is in the NHM collections labelled as from Hornillos]

-2890x White quartzoze rock with numerous light green specks of Hornblendic mineral

-2891x same as (2862) without any Cry of Fr -

-2892 Purple. Claystone: Porph:; Feldspar: small, very numerous irregular opake white Crysts.—

-2893 Base, quartz & decomposed F. with silver ore

-2894 Ferrug. quartzoze R. with Cinnabar

-2895 Grey. hard. Cryst. base with specular iron with Prehnite? & do

-2896x Blackish-green base with numerous elongated Cry of blackish F.

2897x Granular mixture of Carb of Lime & brown Silex parallel. thread of latter crystall form & specks of Iron

3:3v

2900 Number lost

2899. grey. brilliant aggregat. of small crys of Carb of Lime. with few grains of quartz

2904 easily fusible.—

2908. so excessively fine grained hard to make out ingredients but the facets of felspar are sufficiently manifest

2903. H[enslow] thinks illed that quartz grains should be examined; rather but such are present in this specimen: considers it rather a singular rock: each grain is a more or less perfect crystal

2906 V. Measurements p. 10

2902 V ------------p. 13

2902 Miller says carbonate of lime or Garnet

3:4r

1835 Valparaiso - Coquimbo [these specimens are listed in CUL-DAR39.153]

2898 White granular. so as to have sandy feel Cryst. Stone. chiefly Carb of Lime. with little Quartz

2900x Blueish slaty siliceo. Stone Clay Slate .—

-2901. Compact hard green Feld. R [specimens from here to 2952 are listed in CUL-DAR39.153-157]

-2902xx Nearly same as (2898) grains much coarser, the hard ones, being much larger (quartzoze??) & yellow colored, & crystallised

-2903x Quite white, almost pure. granular. Cry. Carb of Lime

-2904x Grey. hard compact siliceous felspathic stone with minute quantity of Carb of Lime in interstices

-2905 Partially granular or compact mixture as before (2903) with angular bits of very compact pure siliceo. ferrug. sorts which project by weathering in singular manner & can only be just perceived on fresh fracture

-2906x Pale pinkish white folia- Fr & specks of Hornblende

-2907 Very fine granular siliceo R (very like Sandstone) thickly studded with most minute specks of mica & Hornblende

& Felspar

-2908x do rather coarser & mica in obscure lines

2909 Slate C o[f] L basis. with oblong & large polyhedral crys. of glassy Fr. others of green mineral

3:4v

2930 a most remarkable rock. almost composed of the cases [this word is difficult to read with certainty but seems to refer to the 'hollow cavities', i.e. 'caries' as in the geological word 'carious', but could also be 'cores'] many of which have been filled with white cryst. calc matter. the process which I supposed I feel no doubt is correct.—

2912. V. Measurements p. 9

2932 : -------do-----------do.

2933 V---------------p. 10

3:5r

1835 Valparaiso - Coquimbo [these specimens are listed in CUL-DAR39.153]

2910 Brown Copper Pyrites

2911 Black Crys in Quartz Schorl?

2912x White fol: & glassy Fr with much pale green crys of imperfect Hornblende

---------------------------------------------------------

Coquimbo

2924: 2925: 2926: 2927 Shells in Tosca rock ['26' circled in pencil and linked by pencil line to 'Dr Carpenter' written in pencil. This is William Benjamin Carpenter (1813-1885). The barnacles photographed by Lister (2018, p. 119) may be among these 'shells'. An entire drawer of Darwin's specimens, apparently 2923-2991, in the Sedgwick Museum is photographed in Pearn 2009, p. 68.]

2928 Tosca rock fracture perfectly smooth Homog: layers. water lines

-2929 do. whiter friable more Calc. not so compact

-2930x Coarse. mixture of bits of shells, tiny pebbles pebbles & oblong follow cavities of C. of lime: perhaps fragments of shells, acted on by water quarried for freestone, called Losa

-2931 Large irregualr Cry of Hornblende. with little white opakish Feldspar

-2932x Hornblende & rather glassy Fr. confusedly Cry[stallise]d.—

-2933x do rather more granular

-2934 Flesh-colored harsh basis. Porph with few large do colored Cr of F. & numerous ones of Hornblende?

-2935 pale Purplish Feld: base. with obscure Cry of greenish Fr

2936 Red. fine grained. but not very compact sediment. deposit, some extraneous particles & particles & patches balls of C. of lime

3:5v

2946. edge can be touched with blowpipe

2939 H[enslow]. thinks all these metamorphic and decidedly more crystalline than sedimentary: thinks red sedimentary passes into the Mica.— even 3608. from Copiapo. thinks concretionary

2937.2938.2939.2940

see back of page 14 [from '2937' to '14' circled]

3:6r

1835 Coquimbo [these specimens are listed in CUL-DAR39.153a and shown in a full page photograph of the drawer in which they are housed in Pearn (2009, p. 68)]

2937x Small Crys of white Carb of Lime & red ferrug. mica Cryst grains of Oxide of Iron? imbedded in bright green moderately hard basis: almost a granular rock in appearance.—

-2938 do, duller green, opake Crys of Lime

-2939 Brecciated mixture, cemented by Lime of bits of red sediment & bits green soft opake material

-2940 Mixture of paler green mineral & Carb of Lime as (2937) interstices with Silver & Mur of Silver [This specimen is important as perhaps the only rock described by Darwin in one of his publications (Darwin 1846, pp. 211-212,236). Darwin mentioned it in his entry for 22 May 1835 in the Coquimbo notebook on p. 105 as 'considered most rare instance'. It is discussed by Chancellor and van Wyhe, Beagle notebooks, pp. 449-500.]

-2941 Pale purplish brecc: sediment bed (most of pieces of nearly same nature & some few greenish & Cry part of Carb of Lime

-2942 Harsh. cream colored base. Porph. with few flesh colored Cry. of Fr.— extraneous fragments

-2943 Sulph. of Barytes, parts stained & containing some silver ore

-2944 Compact, even fract. pale brown aluminous Limestone. with Cry of C. of lime

-2945 do. with petrified Corall [This may be the rudist Hippurites chilensis mentioned by Lister (2018, p. 148). See Sulloway (1983) for Darwin's spelling of 'coral' during the voyage]

2946x Black. compact. conch. fract. Calc Clay-Slate

3:6v

2948 More like indurated Shale

2949 Earthy conch. fracture Alum smell.— sedimentary rock

2950 approaches character of sandstone excepting that I understand something by this term harsh & with clearly visible grains.—

2951 perfect character of basis of many claystone porphyries. fuses readily white glass.

2955 struct. like silicified wood

2956 most extraordinary angular concret[ionary]. struct. colour green, sediment strong Alum. small. easily fusible

2959. with small empty interstices of a porcellaneous nature. fusible with difficult[y]

2960 pebbles not cellular; base a coarse sandstone fusible

2961. rather a suspicious appearance

3:7r

fuses into dull enamel; is evidently closely allied but finer grained to 2874 [it is unclear which specimen this note applies to but

it seems most likely to be 2947. Specimens down to 2952 are listed in CUL-DAR39.153a, from 2953 in CUL-DAR39.156a.]

Coquimbo

2947 H[enslow] [This may be the letter 'H' or it may be two vertical dashes with one horizontal dash with no obvious meaning] Yellowish brown, very fine grained, smooth soft. Calc. resembling [this word written over an illegible pencil word] Horn-Stone. Dendrit. Manganese

-2948x Grey much coarser, more Calc

-2949x Ochreous yellow, Calc. fine grained do

-2950 Red sediment bed, moderately fine, specks of Carb of Lime

-2951x Purple, harder, fine grained even fract: Calc. sediment, stone; specks of cryst. calc matter

-2952 do do &c with more Cry particles of C. of lime

-2953 Pale green, Jaspery rock, containing irreg layers of black siliceous stone like Pitchstone

-2954 Brown. carious Calc. stone uneven semi cryst structure

-2955x Siliceous stone, with some Calcareous matter & sediment Gypsum?

-2956 Calc. Alum: fine-grained not hard, rubbly fract

-2957 Somewhat similar, with small pebbles & breccia extraneous fragments

-2958 White base, with specks of green mineral & grains of quartz (Basis Feldspath almost semi Cryst?? )

-2959x Pale. green, compact Aluminous - hard stone

-2960x Soft Conglom. non Calc: Volcanic. pebbles. with igneous rock pebbles

-2961x Finely. Cryst. green Feld R

2962 Compact . conch. fract. slate C o L base. with elongated Crys of glassy Feldspar

conch fract

3:7v

2964. appearing quite quartzoze

2966. bright red. fusible without difficulty white enamel. appears like Claystone

2972 where can these pebbles come from

3:8r

1835 Coquimbo [these speciemns are listed in CUL-DAR39.156a]

2963 Imperfect. foliated, almost compact F. & specks of green Hornblende.—

-2964x Fine white hard Sandstone (particles of Quartz) whitened by white Calc. matrix

-2965 Light brown very compact. Conch; Alum: Limestone

-2966x Red, very compact, hard, imperfect Conch fract: jaspery. Sedimentary R.—

-2967 Greenstone base with minute Crys. of Fr.—

-2968 Red, moderately fine grained calcareous & hard Sandstone with scales of Mica & broken crystals

-2969 Paler purple; much harder & compact particles full of crys. Lime much more closely united

-2970 Coarse, pale purplish Sandstone. Calc: cement, little Quartz pebbles & broken crys of F

a granite origin?

-2971 do, nearly white, very hard, blended together Crys of C. of Lime, have made their appearance

-2972x Round pebbles of quartz in a white arenaceous Calc. base

-2973 Dull green, hard, not very fine grained Calc sediment of minute particles closely united together

2974 Dull. red. Calc. sediment (almost Crystall) few extraneous particles

3:8v

2975x Feldspar reddish? & a very few grains of quartz

2985 pale brown very hard &c &c

2988 looks more like Sandstone H[enslow] V. App. p. 15

2975 V. Measurement p. 12 allbite [misspelling of 'albite']

3:9r

1835 Coquimbo [these specimens are listed in CUL-DAR39.156]

2975xx Dull purple compact base, with some limest. Porph with elongated & square Crys of red mineral, I think basis Crystalline

-2976 fusible Pale. green. Fels. R. containing imperfect Crys

-2977: 2978. Silicified Shells. R. Claro

-2979. A Quartz vein. which has traversed Limestone. with Orthocerites given me. Cordill of Coquimbo [The fossil is probably the fragment of an ammonite mentioned by Lister (2018, p. 149).]

-2980. Native Silver in Sulph of Barytes. containing much Mercury. Mineral of Arqueros

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-2981 Native Copper. near Guasco [The specimen is photographed in Pearn 2009, p. 83.]

-2982 Copper produced by imperfect smelting Sulphurets, like native metals

-2983 Foliated (not very perfect) F. & green Hornblende

-2984 Greenstone

-2985 White x laminated aluminous siliceo Limestone

-2986 L do darker col: more Cryst. Structure

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-2987 Copiapo

-2987 L Black Calc, compact, coarse Clay Stone

-2988 Hard, compact, pale green, fine grained no Calc sediment

2989 Do coarser, purple, different sorts of particles & visible grains of C. of lime

3:9v

2991 easily fusible. mottled: not siliceous

2994. like vein stone. small crys of quartz in cavities

2995 fusible. V. App. p. 15

2996. amygd. with innumerable round little balls balls. lined with bright verdigris colored earth. filled either with white crys C. of lime or yellow mineral which resembles Epidote (?).— some cavities entirely filled with this mineral.—

2997. filled with little balls of the dark greenish brown earthy matter.—

2999. very few in white angular patches of opake felspar appear to show tendency to Porph Structure

3000. fract. conch. exceedingly sharp edged flat splinters.—

2998. Conchoidal fracture. greenish grey glass. crystals I believe speckled one of elongated gl[assy] F.— black points which appear like Hornblende there are also yellow grains, few minute as if of olivine?

3:10r

1835 Copiapo [these specimens are listed in CUL-DAR39.157]

2990 Compact dirty green Conch fract. tolerably fine grained. Calc. Sediment; altered & blended together

-2991x Siliceo. ferrug. R. apparently particles blended together

-2992 Semi-indur ferrug Alum. stone (soft) dendritic

-2993 Quite white, more indurated Alum stone

-2994x Carb of Lime. with ferrug. — matter. & Carb of Iron?

-2995 Mottled green & purple, compact, hard angular fract fine - sedimentary. non-Calc:

-2996 Dull red, dirty brown, Basic, apparently Porph. with some elongated Crys of opake F. very amygdaloid cavities all lined with green, containing white Crys. Carb of Lime & yellowish mineral

V App p. 15

-2997x Brown confused matter base with various confused few crystals .minerals - I suppose Crystalline

-2998 Reddish brown confused. fine-grained highly Cryst mass. I believe some of glassy Feldspar

2999x Pale purple hard Conch. fract- base. Cryst structure not visible.— but not like Sediments

3000x do with scattered crys of yellow & green F.

30013011 various Porphyries

3:10v

3021. numerous fragments lying about in all parts. — [These fragments are mentioned in the Copiapo notebook entry for 20 June 1835 on pp. 76-78 (Chancellor and van Wyhe, Beagle notebooks, p. 488). Several specimens (2846-2849) listed in CUL-DAR236.2 were collected later than 3021, on 5 July.]

3012 much indurated tuf[f]

3016. I repeat sedimentary? fracture appears very crystalline V. app. p. 15.—

3017. with lens. mottled colors can yet be be seen - mudstone

3018. as compact as any limestone, yet contains but a small proport of Lime

3020. fragments such as these described in detail as pebbles.— such I believe all conglomerates

3021. of extreme fusibility; (like an altered rock — H[enslow])

3019 Calcareous spar. with some iron & Aluminous matter. not magnetic either before of after, yet gives blue. with Pruss of Potash. [i.e. potassium ferrocyanide] — easily soluble in cold Mur Aci[d]; Caustic. but does not whiten under B.P.— From readiness in effervescing probably no magnesia

3:11r

1835 Copiapo [these specimens are listed in CUL-DAR39.157]

3012x White, hardish , Alum. stone with small pebbles, broken Cr[ystals] of Fr & scales of Mica

-3013 Pale brownish (2) purple (1) : Conch. fract. Feld with irregular Cry of Fr

-3014. Aluminous Gypsum. impure carious

-3015. do. & stalactiform Carb of Lime - layers earthy

-3016x Dull colored from mixture of variously colored minute particles, compact, hard even fract blended. calcareous. Sedimentary?

-3017x do still finer grained approach to Clay Slate even alomst conch. fracture

-3018x Brown, compact almost conch. fract. Calcareous I think in some parts obscure aggregated structure

-3019x Highly Cry. brown spar, straight fract. hard firm rock

-3020x Compact, hard, semi-Conch. fract, Breccia not very small, & partly rounded of Porphyries & Cryst grains of Carb of Lime.—

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Iquique. Peru

3021xx Greenish Calc, hard very compact. semi-conch: fract. sonorous. porcelain R: layers of diff: hardness

3022 White Cry- siliceo Calc. R.— in parts siliceous

3:11v

3041 Pale. dull. purple. Cryst Feld. R. slightly laminated with very minute crys of F.

3029. red. fine grained, very crystalline calcareous sedimentary rock, the lime though in small quantity has been sufficient to give whole rock cryst structure.— with threads of cryst whit[e] spar

3032. infusible

3035.x dark brown. hard strong rock. curious mixture of broken crys. of small in brown balls . earthy paste with few fragments & marks of small shells [illeg]

3036. Crystalline — lacking fracture

3043. fusible approaches to character of Hornstone, similar to those in Copiapo exactly same as 2867

3035. base fine grained mottled, easily fusible jet black enamel beside small fragments. grains of q. &c &c glittering grains of black oxide of iron. so that after B.P. whole rock magnetic

3039.— Panizo is rubbish in mines — ['panizo' is Spanish for millet]

3:12r

1835. Iquique. Peru [These specimens are listed in CUL-DAR39.157a. Iquique was transferred to Chile during the War of the Pacific 1878-1883.]

3023 L Pale yellowish green. fine grained, Calc, Sandstone Sedimentary R. Water lines

-3024 do more compact. more Calc, sandstone

-3025 Compact. black calc. Clay Slate

-3026 Brownish granular coarse grained greenstone with iron & other ingredients

-3027.3028 L L [written over both numbers] found Yellowish green fine layers of Salt & Sand Aluminois mayyer

-3029x Pale purple. Calc fine-grained aluminous Sandstone. or a Limestone

-3030 Dark red, brown (non Calc) fine-grained Sandstone

-3031: 3032x pale brown. slightly Calc. fine grained Sandst. Compact

-3033 Laminated white coarser non Calc Sandstone

-3034 Pale black brown Limestone impure

-3035x Black sedimentary, small - Brecc. structure, marks of shells & one small one

-3036x Dark purplish brown. Conch fract, specks of quartz in impure Calc base ? like a Volcanic R Claystone base

-3037 Very pale purple, laminated Alum. Limestone

-3038: 3039: 3040.xx 3 shells. Silver mines of Huantajaya in above R [Darwin spells this name 'Guantajaya' in the Despoblado notebook (Chancellor and van Wyhe, Beagle notebooks) and in CUL-DAR37.678, but he reverts to Huantajaya in Darwin (1846).]

3042x Laminated. Aluminous harsh stone. hard greenish with dendrit. Manganese of veins Gypsum

3:12v

3042 pale brown [s]peckled lava. cliff crys. of F.—

3068. black. not hard, fine granular crystalline mixture of mica & possibly felspar (& quartz?) -

3053. Granular Sulphate of Lime.

3045 consult Appendix p. 19 back of page

3049. Stony earthy smell. small angular bits of rock crystalline gypseous mass. pale brown colour - carious

3067. V. Measurements p. 12 ?/p 11

3053. Miller says Gypsum after having examined it (in c granulo-saccharine form) C. D

3058 3059 3060 3061 3062 3063 3064 3065 3066 [list of shells - see main entry on 13r] 3110

3:13r

1835 Iquique. [specimens 3047-3054 are listed in CUL-DAR39.157a. Some are discussed in CUL-DAR37.677-684]

3043x L Lava. White Feldspar & green specks

-3044 Wood dug from beneath earth, slightly altered [this specimen is photographed in Lister (2018, p. 96)]

-3045: 3046: Hard. even fract. non Calc. brown breccia Porcelain rock, veins & patches snow white, surface furrowed coated by white pulverulent substance -

-3047 White pulverulent substance called Tisa, contains the above concretions

-3048 do less pure white, dirty, sandy, with little particles of rock, base white gypsum? with little carbonate of lime [3048 and 3052 were examined by Trenham Reeks; see CUL-DAR39.211-212]

-3049x Carious. breccia. Gypsum? non Calc. Aluminous Stone

-3050: 3051 Salt. hard. opake. or mixed with red color from sandstone in zones, concentric from alluvial covering

-3052 earth with deliquescent Salt red sand with some carbonate of lime

-3053x Indissoluble Salt. layers at Pisagua [these two specimens bracketted together in pencil] found

3054. Nitrate & Mur of Soda [i.e. sodium chloride, common salt] (same as tin label 1227) [3054 is noted in Zoology notes, p. 358)]

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Copiapo

30583066. Fossil shells.— los Amolanas. Copiapo [These specimens are listed in CUL-DAR39.154a. They may include the holotype of Gryphaea darwinii photographed by Lister (2018, p. 152)]

-3067x Fine granular. white part: Fol. F. specks of silvery mica - Hornblende & Chlorite?

3068x Soft black stone, small black Micaeous plates & little green: Quartz?

3:13v

3083 Dull black compact (Cryst?) base. with few red Crys. of which some appear reddish F.

3073 Is I belive a Limestone with broken shells — & 3073 & 3072

3069. easily fusible

3073. brown hard Limestone with very irregular fracture almost composed of fragme. of shells blended together.—

3082 with good crys of F & Hornblende

3084. with few Cry of Opake F. & scales of mica

3078. base appears crystalline porph. with numerous small crys of the red. Hydrogen peroxide of iron — but I se no others (therefore I should suppose nature diff [illeg])

3080. V. Measurement. p. 10

3081 ---------------------do

3071 ---------------------p. 12

3:14r

1835 Copiapo [these specimens are listed in CUL-DAR39.154a]

3069 Dull red. Calc: Sandstone

-3070. Black. Conch fract. Calc — Clay-Slate Proportion of Lime is small

-3071x Pale green base porph. with large oblong Crys of Feld & black Cryst.—

-3072

-3072 x Small white perfect Crys of opake F. with pale green earthy mineral base

3073 [this number appears to have been inserted]

-3074 Fine grained. hard. white (non Calc) siliceous Sandstone

-3075 White Cryst. opake. Quartz R. even fracture

-3076 Black. hard. semi=conch. fract, silic:-Calc: Stone Clay Slate

-3077 Colour mottled; uneven fract. sediment paarticles in Cryst Calc: base

-3078x Compact, even fract.

-3079 Dark claret purple. irreg. Conch: fract, compact semi-Cryst: stone Clay Stone

-3080x White semi=fol F with Mica & Chlorite

-3081x Green. Hornblende Mica: Chlorit: pure, with few Cry. of F

-3082x Lilac purple Cryst — Feld-R. Claystone Porph

-3083x Dull purple. semi-Cryst. base. Amyg: with opake mineral

-3084x Lilac rather earthy fract. (harsh Clay.Stone)

-3085 Dull purple. semi Cry Claystone base. Amyg: with opake soft mineral

3086 Brown mottled crystalline felspathic base base full of small yellow (olivine ??)

& most numerous. red Crys V. app. p 20

3:14v

3087. I am loth to call these Sandstones for though there is an appearance which would indicate sedimentary nature yet no distinct aggregation can be perceived

3088 Can be scratched with knife Alum smell, particles of mica & broken crystals.— I do not understand nature of Base.— it is easily fusible

3089. easily fusible irregular angular fracture grains few scales of quartz of black mica There is an appearance. as if in few spots becoming porphyritic. with white translucent mineral which sometimes shows a foliated struct like F

3096 parts are easily fusible excepting points I presume broken felspathic crystals

3098. yet near same as 2021 [presumably a mistake for 3021]. except from porph: crystals.—

3099. pale yellowish brown nearly pure, brittle

3103. strongly adheres to tongue, earthy fracture. scarcely friable under fingers, easy fusible

3102 easily fusible. white glass.—

3089 the base may be called almost crystalline & the green & red spots concretionary. I think very doubtful whether sedimentary of igneous. metamorph. action

3:15r

1835 Copiapo

3087 Red. earthy fract, no Calc. fine grained sediment deposit

-3088x Compact Sandstone, particles cemented in yellow. no Calc. paste, minute round pebbles

-3089xx Very compact, various colored. red. green. &c particles. almost blended together

-3090 Pale. red-purple strong base, porph with numerous Cry of F & little nodules of Quartz

-3091: 3092: 3093: 3094. Black. completely Silic. wood

-3095 Red earthy particles minute grain of quart Cryst. Calc. matter Sandstone

-3096x do, a shade coarser (not so harder, compact)

-3097 Bivalve, in pale red. fine grained. Calc Sandstone

-3098x Pale green, most compact, smooth fract Clinkstone, with few obscure Crys of F

-3099x Compact, hard. Conch. fract. (siliceo? )

3100 Dull colored slightly impure Limestone with broken Crystals of do

-3101 do. granular cryst struct. Limestone Aluminous

-3102x Dull green hard, species of Horn stone

-3103x Pale purple, Calc. Alum. rotten stone Gypsum veins

3104 Green coarsely Crystalline Feldspath rock

3:15v

3114. full of broken crysts chiefly glassy felspar & Hornblende

3115 scales of mica. & broken crys of F.—

3113 the measurement 90° within 15'. no doubt felspar

3112 cannot measure felspar — appears white like Albite. black crystals 55° — Hornblende

3:16r

1835 Copiapo

3105 do, slate colored, with little disseminated micaceous mineral facets of the Felspar can sometimes be seen

-3106 Sulp of Copper & Lime in Sulp. of Iron. & yellow Cryst in Ochreous base

-3107 The bright yellow Cryst.—

-3108 Gypsum & white Sol: Salt with soft ferrug base

-3109 Fine yellow soft ochreous base

-3110 Shell. from Amolanas

-3111 Compact. conch. fract. felspathic cream colored base, Porph with specked with ferruginous spots.

decomposed with few imperfect Crys & dendritic regular brown spots

-3112x Mass of white Crys of Fr with black Crys

-3113x Brick red base; porph numerous irreg Crys & patches of Feldspar

-3114x Pale-puple Tufa, broken grains of quartz & Crystals

-3115x Vary light pale Lilac Tufa, fine grained, straight. Fract, sonorous. extraneous particles

-3116 Black heavy base with oblong. & square Crys of glassy F.

-3117 Pale purple reddish Clay Stone base, earthy uneven fract, Porph imperfect with Crys glassy Fr. some extraneous bits — Lava?

3118 Dull purplish brown base abounding with white opake Cry of F

3:16v

3120 Porphyritic structure only a little less clearly produced, fragments Porpryic distinct. yet blended together.—

3122. I should rather strongly incline to sedimentary rock — bright saddle red. composed of crystalline facets of calcareous matter containing red jasper colour some iron (known by purple Blue. yet not magnet. becomes caustic. though not whitens.) concretionary with patches) agate & concretionary irregular masses of a pale green (as if coloured by copper) earthy compact rock. resembling a limestone & containing some lime, but fuses readily into pale brown glass. & therefore more allied to a felspathic nature can be scratched with knife — not effervesces so readily. as 3019 [probably a mistake for 3119]. but not readily.—

3125 p. 13 (Hornblende)

3:17r

1835 Copiapo

3119 Dull colored. semi-Cryst [illeg] porphyritic with small crys of F with fragments almost blended into each other

-3120x do rather coarser (Crys of Feldspar appearing in Basis)

-3121 Fine grained dark green greenstone trap

-3122x Fine-grained. semi Cryst. Conch. fract heavy, slightly Calc. dark claret color,

sediment or Crystalline rock

-3123 Bright red highly Cryst. Carb of Lime & Iron. which unites patches of green Fe[l]dspath stone & nodules of agate

-3124. Sandstone coarsish debris of Granite Rs little pebbles of Q. & F Crys firmly cemented non Calc.

-3125x Pale dull purple base (patches differently colored, full of small cry of opake Fr & black Cry of [word missing]

-3126 Compact Harsh pale greenish-grey base, with numerous Cry of white opake F. & specks some of Hornblende

-3127 Terebratula. Ravine of Maricongo [this specimen is mentioned in Darwin (1846, p. 229)]

3128 Loadstone from near Copiapo

3:17v

3138. Very fine grained laminated stone

3141 irregular angular fracture points fusible

3:18r

1835 Copiapo

3129 Green. Crystals? mine. Copiapo sulphate of Iron Miller

-3130 Muriate of Silver Chanuncillo

-3131 Silver ore, in green sedimentary basis with red particles. Chanuncillo

-3132 Terebratula. R. Claro. Coquimbo

3133 Terebratula. Chanuncillo.—

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3134. Petrified wood. Ravine near Playancha — Valparaiso.— [this specimen is listed in SMES-TN-5578b]

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3135: 3136 dark grey. conch fracture fine grained. siliceous. Sandstone

-3137 Yellowish. semi slightly — indurated, Earthy Shale

-3138x dark red. ferruginous nearly Alumin laminations

-3139 Excessively fine alternation of fine Sandstone & Shale. latter predominant. containing some Salt:

-3140 dark green Hard. fine grained smooth Conch. fract. or Clay Slate indurated semi= porcelain fracture

-3141x Pale green. jaspery or Porcelain rock these appear much altered slaty Clay. or Shale.—

-3142 Granular, laminated siliceous Q rock

-3143. Blueish. very compact, hard siliceous rock

3144 Sandstone. with thin convoluted layers of a Soapstone. or

3:18v

3156 & 3157 V. 1313 Tin number [see Zoology notes, p. 362)]

(3148) In the Trade winds in the Pacifick. [Sulloway (1983, p. 364, note o) for dating purposes cites this instance of Darwin's spelling of 'Pacific'.] This specimen such quantity of moisture as to become rotten. I extracted the crystals — the stone appeared more salt. oxide of Iron & Clay

indur=ated.—

(3150) It is to my mind a (3150) Greenish brown. coarsely crystalline felspathic Trap. —

3152. hard. compact fine grained siliceous sandstone

3153.3154. do — do. former in thin layers

3151. Smooth straight angular fracture, compact brown hard base, points first fusible with very few crys of fel[d]sp. & some small glittering ones of Hornblende (??)

3178 - I don't think Mr Sowerby has seen them. now in my Cabinet [George Brettingham Sowerby (1788-1854) described many of Darwin's fossil molluscs, brachiopods and cirripedes from the voyage in appendices to Darwin (1844) and (1846).]

3:19r

1835 July. Lima

3145 fine grained red, not hard, conch. fracture obscurely laminated Aluminous, Clay. Sandstone thin layer mudstone

-3146 L Yellow. ferrug: more sandy. do. thin layers

-3147 Hard blackish green, ferrug. indurated Clay Slate

-3148x L ferruginous base. with layers of Salt & black regular crystals of Iron.—

-3149 Regular pale purplish Sandstone

-3150x Greenish grey, Felspath. greenstone

3151x Dusky green. siliceo. Alum Sediment. rock very. hard. with contained Crys. ?Porph or from sublimation.—

3156x San Lorenzo

comminuted shells. partly decomposed

3157x yellowish white Calc Powder in layers

3158: 3159 Shells from 85 ft elevat.—

3160.....3174.Shells from Sandstone & its concretions Tome Concepcion Bay [3166 is the Eubaculites and 3170 is the Eutrephoceras from Tome, both photographed by Lister (2018, p. 146-147). Specimens 3160 to 3184 are not listed in Harker 1907 so are presumably not at the Sedgwick Museum, but apart from the two just mentioned none has been identified as Darwin's in the NHM collections (Lister, pers. comm. 9 August 2023). 3160-3174 may be the specimens which Darwin (1846, p. 127) says were collected for him by Mr Kent, Assistant Surgeon on the Beagle.]

3175.....3182.Shells I believe Cordillera of Mexico

1383: 3184 Shells. St. Julians, Patagonia ['1383' is obviously an transposition error for '3183']

3:19v

3213 When struck emits a most fetid odor chiefly decomposed.

3215x Numerous hair-like lines of surface Iron Pyrites

3216 "Plate" Porphyry V. Chile geology

3205 it is a gneiss with little or no quartz

3206. passing into Nature of a Hornstone

3207. allied to Syenite imperfectly granular rock felspar or Hornblende

3212 microscopically vesicular with do specks of quartz

3216 V. Measurement p. 13

3:20r

1835. August. Lima

3185 6 White Limestone, near City. Manufactured

3186 5 do. Black not pure do

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Capt. Fitz Roy[']s Specimens (See CUL-DAR37.686-687 for Darwin's notes on these specimens]

3205x Foliated Feldspar & micaceous mineral in lines

3206x Very close grained Granite or Syenite : crystals almost blended together: both from Islay

Cobija [now in Bolivia]

3207x do. ferruginous: rather more distinct

3208: 3209 Close grained. blackish grey Lava like base. Porph. with very few Crystals of Feldspar: both glassy & common

3210 do. with abundant opake. Crys:

3212(2)x Harsh. Hard, reddish purple. uneven fracture semi Crystalline. Clay Stone

3211(1) do. red claystone base more purple with Cryst. specks of C. of lime?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Arica

3213x: 3214 Black impure, laminated Limestone

3215x Jet black. calcareo. Cherty concretions

3216xx Brown base, with very numer. oblong Crystal of white opake Feldspar or black ones a "Plate Porphyry"

3:20v

composed of minute broken crystals & some of good size: patches of cellular rock slightly resinous structure

3326 [continued from entry on 21r] foreign particles & with Crystalline specks.— Point in front of the Kicker rock.— the minute scoriaceous particles appear chiefly tend to become resinous in parts

3217. Its origin may be sediment. but structure at present certainly is crystalline

3220.3221 Resinous colour & lustre. brittle. angular with irregular granular fracture, yet some edge with touch glass scratch this vein of Calc matter by knife. edges & some particles very translucent: appears to contain black embedded crystals, which are not so.— obscure crystalline Henslow compares it to Pitchstone is nearest substance faces certainly appears on some specimens. (large unnumbered fragment ; non calc easily fusible blackish green — glass.—

3222 compact smooth fract. small intimately united embedded fragments

3223. bright yellowish brown. harsh. irregular fract. almost friable with fingers volc Sandstone; under lens greater easily fusible dark green glass proportion small yellow grains. with a few black scattered ones nature? partly decomposed volc crystals

3224 do finer grained I suspect would pass into the resinous rock

3225 white earthy substance. mixed with resinous grains.—

3:21r

Arica

3217x Apparently stratified. reddish & pale green. sedimentary matter of broken Crystals: united & perhaps basis rendered Crystalline by Heat.—

3218 (lost)

3219 dark brown, saliferous. moderately hard stone: with speudo breccia angular harder pieces.— on the surface

(1264) Tin Label. belong to this series

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Galapagos Isd. Chatham Isd. [All Darwin's geological specimen numbers from Galapagos are listed by Grant and Estes (2009). See also Richardson (1933).]

certainly chemical action on fragments

3220: 3221: A brown yellow soft resinous substance I presume sedimentary calcareous particles [3220-3225 collected 18 September at Sugar Loaf]

3222x an apparent dyke of more compact do. traversing the above

3223.x Yellow. brown. coarse. Volcanic Sandstone. harsh. brittle [this specimen is photographed in Grant and Estes (2009, fig. 22b)]

3224 do. fine grained do.— do.—

3225x Pale coarse do. centre of Crater white particles from Calc Miller from which all came.—

3226x Hard compact Volcanic bas[e] very homogenious, or blended Sandstone containing [sentence continued on 20v] [3226-3228 collected 21-22 September at Finger Hill.]

3:21v

3234. base nearly black fuses into dark green enamel.—

3235. do colored enamel

3236 &c [i.e. 3237 and 3238] compact. firm, conchoidal fracture. rather light brown stone, base slightly [illeg] containing numerous broken crystals of diff sorts, minute pieces of cellular lava, & crumb even a pebble of basalt.— some of the broken glassy looking crystals appear to have great tendency to become resinous.—

3239. large vesicles. generally compact. very crystalline minute crys of Gl[assy]. F. & olivine can be discovered & perhaps of Augite

3250 balls only differ in being a trifle finer grained & harder

3247.3248 excessively harsh scoriaceous (so vesicular) dark reddish few of green olivine brown base. wh melts into black glass[y] crys .2 or .3 lines long of fractured white glass[y]. F. so abundant as almost to compose rock — "base" does not look like trachyte [3248 is photographed in Grant and Estes (2009, fig. 25D)]

V. Measurement p. 17

3:22r

3270. Black crystals in embedded fragment good Augite ∠ 93° & again 92° 37'

3:22v

[blank]

3:23r

1835 Galapagos Isd.— Chatham Isd.

3234 Grey . irregularly & much vesicular Lava. with Olivine &c in same state as in Trachyte & glassy lava Felspar &c [collected 21-22 September in the Craterized District.]

3235x Compact blackish grey. Lava with red Olivine ? conch fracture & minute crystals of glassy felspar [3235-3237 collected 21-22 September at Finger Hill.]

3236x Black Augitic Crys. vesicular

3237 Nearly same as (3226) from same place. Finger Hill cement a resinous looking substance: specks of Volcanic glass Pumice. &c. imbedded.

3238 [3236-3238 bracketted together]

3239xx Black. Augitic. Cryst. Vesicular Lava [collected (with 3290) 16 September at Frigatebird Hill.]

Albermarle Isd. Bank's Cove

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3247x irregularly vesicular. blackishgrey brown base, abounding with Crys of glassy fracture Felspar. Trachyte.— [3247-3250 collected 1 October at or near Beagle Crater

3248x do. reg surface, slightly more vesicular

3249. Light Brown: earthy, harsh feel light Volcanic. Sandstone almost friable brittle

3250x do. paler. with pisolitic balls.—

James Isd. [See Herbert et al. (2009) for full study of Darwin's James Island specimens. 3265-3268 were collected 9 October; 3269-3278 and 3299 were collected 10 October; 3280-3283 were collected 11 October]

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3265 Trachytic few grains of olivine. beyond doubt, as known by Blowpipe cellular lava. frequent large Crys of glassy feldspar: commonest kind same as 3242 [Herbert (2005, p. 121) and Gibson (2009, p. 3) give transcriptions of the entries for specimens 3265-3268 although they differ slightly from ours]

3:23v

[23v and 24r are photographed in the Sedgwick Museum's section of 'Places of Wonder' (2009).]

irregularly vesicular by blowpipe

3266x with Olivine ? rare

3268 Basis finely Crystalline [this specimen of soda-rich trachyte was studied by Richardson (1933) and Herbert et al. (2009)]

3271 &c. Varieties coarser & finer grained. quartz generally visible Mica changed into glassy mineral: perhaps some syenite

3275 Generally more of latter & more cellular:-

3280 with Olivine: base crystalline with no very distinct crystals as in foregoing Trachytes.— melt dark green

3266 This is an important point: Daubeny state p 93. that Olivine is never found in Trachyte [Daubeny 1826, p. 93 states "but olivine rarely, if ever, occurs [in trachyte], and therefore appears not be the only mineral which has any claim to be considered as peculiar to basalt."]

3282: 3283 is seen to consist of minute fragments of finely cellular rocks. decomposing & blending together, the greater part of which are orange coloured, the others black & glossy

3274 base. very cellular melts [into] black enamel with very few crystals.—

3278. with blue irridescent patches of Olivine could not measure F.

3281. jet black. crystalline vesicular lava. abounding with points of olivine. from dark green.

3282. This specimen is important because origin of orange resin & black patches can be seen to arise from alteration of minutely portions of scoriaceous rock

3:24r

1835 Galapagos Isd. James Isd.

3266x Base. blackish grey. few Feldspar Crys [Specimens 3265-3267 are photographed in Herbert (2005, plate 3).]

3267 3267 V. Measurement p. 13 Olivine do. with scarcely any few glassy Crys: not much fracture

3268x Compact greenish grey Lava with many small crys of glassy Felds.

3269. base black reddish brown Finely & much cellular Trachyte with much Crys of Gl[assy]. fracture Feld: outer surface. red glossy scoriae.—

3270 These fine measurements ..ilto Galapagos scraps do. with fragment of altered Granite

3271: 3272: 3273 imbedded fragments of do [Herbert et al. (2009, fig. 13) have a photograph of 3272]

3274:x do. perhaps part of Quartz vein

3275x Red, harsh. irregular fracture Claystone base. with red earth & Cry. of Glass[y] Felds.

3276: 3277. Light brown (2) — greenish (1) semi= indurated Volcanic Sandstone crystalline particles not to be distinguished fraible under fingers

3278x Brown. Smally cellular same Trachyte

3279 Olivine B.P. Grey. Compact do. few Crys of Gl[assy]. Feldsp. & same tarnished mineral

3280x Blackish grey Lava. abounding

3281x do. blacker. more. abounding

3282xx Yellowish Orange brown Sandstone. semi=Resinous: small black glassy patchesirregular fracture

3283x do. compact fine grained volcanic Sandstone

3:24v

3287 Towers Isd.— These specimens brought by Mr Chaffers.—

3288 base as before some of the crystals are .6 long; base composed of minute spherical cells; glassy jet black.—

3378. H[enslow] — thinks Calc arragonite matter. has consult appendix.— been melted & has subsided.—

2288x [sic - a mistake for 3388] Henslow compare this to L[e]ucite Lava of Vesuvius. says. crystals quite as large.— I can by no means get a cleavage

3377. abounding with large more than 1/4 of inch long crys of Augite (judging from B.P.) & olivine.— very heavy, compact

[3?]80?. Splendid needles of Mesotype (Miller)

3288 Made. 8° 25'. 180°: 85°.15': 93°.40': 0 therefore albite another good measurement 94° [bracketted with previous entry]

3289 V. Measurement p. 12 Well ascertained Albite

3379 pale brown greyish base largely vesicular lined with layer of crystalline mineral of the Zeolitic family [note that 3379 does not have a 'x' next to it on 25r]

3:25r

1835 Galapagos Islds. [3291 collected 25-27 September on Charles Island. 3286-89 and 3292 were collected on smaller islands by Edward Chaffers, Master of the Beagle, 9-19 October]

3286 assuming most curious varifiedforms Black glossy scoriae. Bindloe Isd.

3287x scoriae very vesicular brownishwithout crystals (Trachytic?) Lava

3288xx smally much Cellular Lava. abounding with Large & numerous Crys of fractured glassy Feldspar: Abingdon Isd

3289 do. from much heavier & compact Feldspar not so much fractured little cement: vesicular (do Isd?) angular cavities almost composed of the Felspar

3290 Shells. Arca. Fissurella. valve of Chiton from a Breccia. Chatham Isd.

3291 Shell from Champion Isd.

3292. 3 shells. Bindloes Isd.—

Tahiti Isd. [The Beagle left the Galapagos on 20 October and reached Tahiti on 15 November]

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3376 Commonest extremely pale Olivine Lava vesicular basaltic

3377x Common Augitic? do

3378x Amygdaloid. half the cells. horizontally filled with Lime. half with Silex. V. app: p. 19 [this may be the specimen photographed by Pearn (2009, p. 104)]

3379 3380. Amygdal. with Mesotype?- These are all from central mountains

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3381 black brown compact laminated Lava few crysts This & the following from near coast.—

3:25v

3395 Bay of Islands

3382. [Augitic] concretionary compact lava. black & greenish kinds mottled together not crystalline

3385 much most decomp earthy olivine become soft.—

3386 greenish quite decomposed lava in state of clay.—

3383 I should think Volcanic Sandstone.?

3396 easy fusible. white glass.—

3397. easily fusible. — angular — irregular fract.

3398. irregular fract. yellowish white. not very hard. semi decomp. crys Felspar. R. which has been crystalline.— not sedimentary R. though like one.—

3399. grey. cryst — felspathic base with numerous elongat crys of gl[assy]. F. amyg[daloidal]. with little bulk of the brown iron earth & some radiate Zeolite

3404. Clay iron stone

3384. much large amount of Olivine

3:26r

1835 Tahiti Isd.—

3382x: 3383]- Lavas: latter full of decomp. crys of Augite & Olivine: vesicular cavities lined with minute crys [3383 is photographed in Pearn 2009, p. 104.]

3384x: 2385 [sic- mistake for 3385]. do decomposing passing into nature of Wacke.

2386x 2387.x [sic- mistakes for 3386 and 3387] I believe Wacke. perhaps a sedimentary deposit. on the true Wacke.—

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

New Zealand [The Beagle left Tahiti on 26 November and reached the Bay of Islands on 21 December. Darwin does not seem to have used a field notebook in New Zealand but he made notes in CUL-DAR37.802-11. Armstrong (2004, p. 159) estimates that Darwin collected 15 geological specimens; there are in fact 18 listed here). Darwin's only published description of the rocks of New Zealand is in a footnote in the Australian chapter of Volcanic Islands (Darwin 1844, p. 142).]

3 [written over '2']395x Compact Slate. coloured Feldspathic rock

3 [written over '2']396 very irregular fracture. traversed by ferrug. threads. no do cryst. structure: do yet does not look sedim[entary].

2397x [mistake for '3397'] do do, more [dark brownish] [reg] very Crystalline & assuming the character of Greenstone black specks of an other mineral

3 [written over '2']398 do. pale coloured. partly decomposed.

3 [written over '2']399.x Grey. greenstone, with Crys of glassy Feldspar & few balls of Mesotype(?)

3 [written over '2']400 like (2397) [mistake for '3397']

3 [written over '2']401: 3402. Compact. Crystalline. pale flesh-coloured Limestone

3403 White Chert of Flinty rock. conchoidal fracture

3404x Compact, hard, heavy, purplish brown highly ferruginous Aluminous rock (strong Aluminous smell)

3:26v

3408.3409.3410 — West coast of Isd.

3407. abounding with minute crys.—

3411. very compact, without any distinct crystalline facets — heavy

3406 3406 V, Measurement p. 13

3:27r

1835 New Zealand

3405 L Concretion of grey. Calcareous Clay Slate Organic (?) impression in centre.—

3406x Gneiss Black. vein p/ Greenstone crystalline rock with elongated Crys. of. glassy feldspar

3407x Grey. do. cavities partly amyg=daloid with ferruginous matter

3408x White, softish Calcareous stone, containing, scattered, & in [planes]. very numerous, small, dark green soft mineral round. stones of Chlorite (?) (perhaps concretionary origin) & a few grains of quartz [broken] crystals some felspar.—

3409. do, all constiuents much finer=grained & softer.—

3410 .Lignite

3411x Concretionary lumps of hard, dark slate coloured Feldspathic rock. in a very nearly similar kind

3412 Soft. yellowish decomposed do, passing into the above kinds

3:27v

3424. appearing a coarse. light brown tolerably fine freestone. consists of nearly perfect small separate crystals of Quartz. united by a ferruginous [symbol like two circles side by side and touching] white friable earthy substance in very small quantity. one or two scales of mica: a most extraordinary rock [about 1/30th of inch to 1/40th long in margin]

3425) much finer grained, abounding with the powder crystalline not apparent

3426 the iron probably is in state of Hydrous oxide. black small glittering crystals

3425. the proportion of white friable cementing matter is large; one or two grains show facets extremely few in number & small

3428 & 3429.I could distinguish no cryst structure

3:28r

Jan? 1836 Sydney New S. Wales [The Beagle left New Zealand on 30 December 1835 and arrived in Sydney on 12 January 1836]

3424x Grains of quartz. more or less fine cemented by ferruginous matter & a white powder, which probably is decomposed Feldspar.— Escarpement 3425x [these two numbers bracketted together] of Blue Mountains.

3426x Grains of quartz which appear crystallized & glistening crystals Iron, with pebbles of quartz.—

3427 Decomposed Greenstone, containing a considerable quantity of Iron.—

3428 [bracketted with 3429]x Sandstone same as the first kinds.—

3430 Pale, blackish blue grey compact Clay Slate

3431 Black highly Carbonaceous Clay Slate or a very strong coal

3432. Coal, rather light glassy fracture

3433 do. rather more strong. slightly laminated

3434 Pale blue Clay Slate, impressions of Dicotylidens leaves.—

3435 White, highly Crystalline Limestone

3436 Dark green, semi-Cryst. Felspathic base, containing numerous grains of Quartz

3:28v

3440. cavities lined with oxide of iron. assumes rather character of a Trachyte

3:29r

1836 Jany. New S. Wales

3437 A very pale. glossy Clay. Slate

3438 Dark Green Feldspathic greenstone with many large Crys of Hornblende.

3439. Pale red. rather harsh base. Porphyritic with Crys of red Feldspar & numerous octagonal Crys of Quartz

3440x Same kind of Porphyry. base flesh-coloured, slightly carious, the imbedded Crystals small & infrequent

3441 Black trappean rock heavy : Basalt?? containing specks of Quartz with rather irregular fracture

3442 very pretty rock Pink Feldspathic base, Porphy with Crys of Pale green glass y Feldspar & many large ones of bright green. Hornblende

3443. 3444. Fossil wood. from Illiwari. South of Sydney [3444 and another of Agathoxylon from this locality near Wollongong - which Darwin did not visit - are now in the NHM and are photographed in Lister (2018, p. 103).]

3:29v

3455.x Granite a base in patches compact Feldspathic = Siliceous base , containing Crystals of yellowish feldspar, (?) a very few of Hornblende & Mica. Granitic appearance.—

3447. fusible

3448 fusible with some difficult

3453 The Fr has not however the foliated structure.—

3455. The Crys. which I have called yellowish felspar, easily fuse [into] dark green glass. — are soft & when decomposed metallic lustre.— I obtained angle between 137. & 135. which Prof. M[iller] says belongs to Augite or Hypersthene, which latter I have doubt it is.

3:30r

1836 February.— Hobart. town.— [The Beagle left Sydney on 30 January and arrived in Hobart on 5 February. See Banks (1971) for a discussion of Darwin's geological diary for Tasmania in CUL-DAR38 and Banks and Leaman (1999) for a detailed appraisal of Darwin's Hobart field notes in CUL-DAR40.]

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3447x White. excessively. fine grained almost compact Aluminous smell not adhere to tongue Sandstone : uneven fracture on small scale

3448. do passing into a Porcelain rock semi=conchoidal fracture.—

3449. Blue. Siliceous. stone with minute Cryst grains of quartz quite infusible semi= Conch fract.

3450 Dull white siliceo Aluminous fine grained intermediate between two last Sandstone ['Sand' deleted in pencil]

3451 Fine grained . ferruginous crystalline Greenstone Trap

3452 (Number lost [written over pencil]

3453x Granular Greenstone: rather a Syenite Hornblende & a very siliceous looking Feldspar.— Syenitic appearance

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3454. Ordinary rather coarse Greenstone

3455x Siliceous granular Granite like-rock

3456 Greenstone? fine grained appears like a fine grained variety of above rock very slightly granular

3457 White Cherty rock imbedding grains of quartz, & impressions of shells Corall

3458 Blue, slightly Calcareo siliceous compact Clay. Slate; impressions of Corallines

3:30v

3469. minutely crenulated. [partly] decomposed glossy scoriae. with patches of bright green waxy substance V. ap[pendix] p. 15

3472 same as (3455)

3474 as 3447. more earthy fract. & smell

3477 V. Measurements p. 13

3:31r

1836 February. Hobart Town

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3459. do. do. greenish brown. not so hard

3460......3465. Same as above three rocks, with casts of shells & Corallines.—

3466 Slightly siliceous ferruginous fine grained Sandstone containing rounded grains of Quartz

3467 Compact dark greenish Basaltic like rock with numerous very minute. grains crys grains of red Olivine

3468 V. app p. 15 Vesicular, cavities, linear of do Basalts, cells lined with amorphous green matter. Sulphur (?)

3469x Partly decomposed Scoriae of do

3470 Pale blue siliceous Clay Slate full of impressions of Shells & Corallines: from near Launceston [Several of Darwin's fossils from Tasmania were described and figured in Darwin (1844) and by Strzelecki (1845); see Banks and Leaman (1999) and Lister (2018).]

3471 [these two numbers bracketted together] Quamby Bluff

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Mo. Wellington

3472x Greenstone. coarse with many Yellow Crystals Crystals of Hornblende

3473 Pale blue rather coarse grained freckled, compact Clay. Slate

3474x White. compact. uneven fracture Aluminous stone, strong smell of do.

3:31v

3475. embedding broken crystals. some of Felspar

3481 perfectly soft beneath fingers, nearly pure

3495. Too transparent (chalcedonic appearance) for flint — Henslow

3481. [few] points are sometimes just fusible. & sometimes assumes a yellow tinge & so colours borax.—

3:32r

1836 Feby. Hobart Town

3475x Same kind 3473 of rock, blue & yellowish mottled

----------------------------------------------------------

3476: 3477: 3478: 3479: 3490: blue Crystalline Limestone with shells [The Permian Spirifer 3478 is photographed in Lister (2018, p. 161)]

---------------

3481xx .White pulverulent powder of Lime occurring with above

-------------------------------------------------------------------

3482. numerous Particles of Quartz. united & almost blended. in a white Siliceous pale coloured paste: brittle, straight fracture very sharp fragment

3483: 3484: 3485: 3486: Silicified wood, from central plains.—

3487: 3488. Silicified wood [It is possible that the specimen in the Oxford University Museum. See Chancellor et al. (1988).]

-------------------------------------------------

3489: 3490: 3491: 3492: 3493: 3494: Pale brown, vesicular, frequently linear cavities, finely Crystalline, not very compact bearing impressions of leaves Hobart Town [it is possible that the Oligocene specimens photographed by Lister (2018, p. 110) and said to be from Geilston Bay be among these. See also Banks and Leaman (1999, p. 46)].

3495x Flint in above

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3496: 3497: 3498: 3499: Whiteish Aluminous stone of the older series abounding with casts of Terebratula Huon River [The Permian Terrakea photographed in Lister (2018, p. 161) may be amongst these specimens. The Huon is about 30km SW of Hobart.]

3:32v

3433 minute transparent grains of q. involved by white tolerably abundant Calc. matter; and black atoms

3434. The stalact part is not cryst, pale brown very compact

3436. Try spec. gravity.— excessively compact

3439 &c They all consist of firm calc. sandstone siliceous. particles excepting one with stalactiform centre. = a concentric structure is very manifest in the greater number

3:33r

1836 February. Hobart town

3500 Blackish Limestone, with imperfect casts of shells. Isd. of Maria

3501 [Roofing] Clay Slate. Quamby Bluff

3502 Black Schorl in Quartz rock island in Basses Straits.

[3522, listed by Darwin with his zoological specimens (Zoology notes, p. 418) as 'land shells' from Hobart. The shells are in a pill box kept with the Darwin's geological specimens in the Sedgwick Museum and photographed in Pearn (2009, p. 71). See also specimens 3630-3632.]

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

March King George's Sound. [The Beagle left Hobart on 17 February and arrived at King George's Sound on 6 March. See Armstrong (1985) for a detailed appraisal of Darwin's scientific work there.]

3533.x Compact pale grey: Calcareous Sandstone

3534x Intermediate in character, between most earthy & most stalactiform. Calcareous rock.—

3435. Earthy calc. do capped with very compact Stalactiform do

3536x Hard fine grained. Cal particles of silex Limestone. capped with same Substance from Stalact. Lim

3537. Soft yellowish very Calcareous Sandstone most minute atoms of Quartz

3538. Calcareous yellowish. slightly agglutinated Sand. with Bulimi

3539......3547. Casts of branches & roots of trees. in Varieties of the Calc. Stones

3:33v

I judge they have been corals. from small symmetrical cavities left unfilled

3566 of compact yellowish Carb of Lime. which apparently have been a coral. petrified but the structure almost entirely obliterated

3565. Has become extremely hard.— Echini spines [shine] as with true cleavage. which they have not.

3555. Iron in parts has formed. a coarse net work. with metallic appearance like at 2645 [m] —

but not so much developed ['2645' seems to be a mistake for '3645', a specimen from the Cape of Good Hope.]

3:34r

1836 K. George's Sound

3548 Fine green Greenstone with large Cryst[als[ of Feldspar

3549. Helix in same sand. as the Bulimi

3551. Black Trap rock containing many very small Crystals of elongated Glassy Felspar.— Dyke

3552 Pale green base, containing few Crystals of Feldspar & grains of quartz

3553. Pale do.— with much quartz

3554.3555.xx Fine grained Ferruginous sedimentary substance sandstone with [irreg] [pieces] imbedding rounded particles of quartz,

& containing angular, concretionary bits of Ferruginous Sandstone: frequently angulo-vesicular, or cellular

Are they Calcareous? [These specimens are discussed in CUL-DAR38.867 and appraised by Armstrong (1985, fig. 9, p. 46).]

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Keeling Isds [The Beagle left King George's Sound on 14 March and arrived at Keeling Island on 1 April.]

3565x Yellowish white vesicular stone, soft consisting of rounded particles fragments of shell & Corals & Echini spines intimately united & blended together

3566x do. containing angular irregular patches

3:34v

3570. with naked eye. & transverse fracture scarcely any structure visible

3571. Has been a coarser coral, & though not even heavier than last one yet structure more evident

3:35r

1835 [should be 1836] Keeling Isds.— [See also Zoology notes, pp. 418-419) for specimens of living coral etc. A few of Darwin's Keeling specimens with a label in his handwriting were photographed in Whitehead and Keates (1981, p. 23) and again with several others in Lister (2018, pp. 169-171).]

3567. Compact yellowish almost cryst no facets fracture. Carb of Lime, probably Coral petrified

3568x Astrea. the commonest coral blocks on the outer coast parts slightly filled up [The meaning of the pencil 'x' against the specimen numbers on this page is obscure.]

3569.x do more compact. rendered solid & heavy

3570x: 3571x: 3572.x do more or less altered & approaching to the character of the yellowish Carb. of Lime.

3573: 3574. The second most common kind amongst the blocks; the latter partially petrified.—

3575.x Perhaps distinct kind; not so common as the forgoing ones

3576.x Probably. do. partially petrified.

3577. Breccia same as (3566) white. hard & sonorous

3578.x White petrified hard Coral. from the solid floor. at foot of beach.— [This entry is transcribed by Armstrong (1991, p. 32), though '3578' is given as '3598'.]

3579x Calcareous Sandstone from its interstices [as] spaces

3:35v

3598 Henslow agrees. the marks certainly look. as if they had been amygdaloid: these agates he says. have a very peculiar lustre. resembling in some respects a sapphire; can be instantly recognised

In separate Bay with coral-rocks of Mauritius & Keeling Nov. 42 [this is the only dated post-voyage note in CUL-DAR236.]

3:36r

1835 [i.e. 1836] Keeling Isd.

3581. A piece of a well rounded boulder of compact Greenstone. found in the Coral breccia of the northern Isd. in the possession of Capt. Ross.— [This entry is transcribed in Armstrong (2004, p. 206) who points out that Darwin says it is "rather larger than a man's head" (Darwin 1839, p. 549).]

3582. A fragment of Coral (picked up by C. Ross. I know not where) petrified by a glittering white Calc matter & part by ferruginous Calc. matter.— well formed facets

3585 ['5' written over '3'] Coral block same as (3573) the second most abundant kind.

3589 Small fragments; about 2 inches beneath the living crust of Corallines. on the solid mound of reef as West Island.— Cabinet

3598x Agate pebbles from White Rock harbor. West Falkland

3617. Excessively fine, white sand or mud from 8 fathoms water at anchorage at Keeling Isds.—

3:36v

362[5] given to me by Capt. Lloyd.

3618- coarse grained harsh. blackish grey. evidently very felspathic. for melts into pale green nearly transparent glass. large cavities lined amygd. with mamilary hemisphaerical nodules of C. of lime.

3619 Very dark green. fine grained compact. basaltic like rock.— conch. fracture. melts into black glass

3620. slightly greyer lava.—

3621. Olivine ∠ 90°.36[']. (∴ right) & blowpipe. and large crys of Augite known by B.P. no good facets

full of crystals.—

3623. Red soft. Claystone Lava

3624.3625. irregular earthy fracture.

3627. coarse particles intimately united

3:37r

1836 May Mauritius [The Beagle left Keeling on 12 April and arrived at Mauritius on 29 April.]

3618x 3619:x 3620x: 3621. The most abundant varieties of lava: (the 3 first)

3622. Cellular lava. covered by a patch of a Calcareous rock. perhaps origi=nating in a calcareous spring.

3623x: 3624: 3625. Varieties of Lava from la petite Montagne: the latter with some small singular crystals

3626. Superficial Breccia, of fragments of Coral. in layers: north of Port Luis. cemented by calc. matter

3627x coarse compact calcareous Sandstone

3628: 3629. two of the commonest varieties of Coral Astrea overlying, this in a Breccia this Sandstone.—

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3630: 3631: 3632. Fossil productae, from Hobart town. van Diemen's land: They came from the neck of the peninsula. where the Convicts are confined.—

3:37v

3639: 3640. coarse. ferruginous. the part in immediate contact. with large crys. mica & felspar & quartz. the disintegrated granite united

3644. Iron appears to have separated from sand (? wet) & formed a reticulate net work.—

3649. even in these specimens the ferruginous matter shows constant tendency to form shell.— generally angular as these case. (Mem. Sidney). but also spherical as mem. Chiloe. & Blue Mountains: spherical tendency best developed in 3650 3651 almost too fine grained to be called sandstone.—

3644 becomes magnet. with blowpipe. is bog iron: has small conch. fract. with glistening blackish brown. metallic lustre

3:38r

1836 June Cape of Good Hope [The Beagle left Mauritius on 9 May and arrived at the Cape on 31 May.]

3639: 3640x. lowest part of sandstone on Granite

3641 fine grained hard white siliceous sandstone upon do.— Simons town very little cement. small grains of quartz appearing

3642 Siliceous sandstone conglomerate. high up — do

3643 Fine grained White siliceous sandstone — do

3644xx: 3645: [3646]: Highly ferruginous. glitering high up metallic rock. containing balls & varieties with loose white ferrug sand

3647: 3648 Heavy fine grained tolerably hard Ochre coloured. ferruginous. rubbly stone. impossible to break large piece from concretions [struck]

3649x: 3650 slightly ferruginous sandstone. containing small pebbles with irregular cavities & owing to removal of patches with white earthy sand.— on road between Simons Bay & Cape Town

3651x A concretionary ferruginous. aluminous stone. somewhat like last varieties on road to Paarl

3652 Calcareous. aluminous stone. upper parts cemented into a stalactitic rock (Tosca rock). sand flats. between peninsula & main land

3653 Basalt? of Hornblendic Greenstone rock associate with Granite of Paarl.

3:38v

3655. fine grained. snow white. non calc. cement sandstone. cement probably siliceous.— some crystalline forces have acted for. some of the weathered forms. show crystalline action by numerous. facets. probably some little vein

3656. extremely quartzoze ferrug. sandstone

3657. tolerably fine grained siliceous sandstone

3658. dark red. grains embedded in ferrug. cement

3659. fine grained sandy appearance yet showing crystalline structure

3660. Sandstone black & glistening from iron

3661. white highly quartzoze

3662. large frag of quartz blending & melting in siliceous parts

3663. snow white sandstone layers. separated by very little greenish mica

3664. tinge of dusky green, hard, slightly glossy. minute scales of mica

3665. fuses without much difficulty, dark coloured

3668. layers very thin. scales of mica small: layers slightly contorted.—

[366][9] [it is difficult to be certain that this entry is not an extension of the entry for 3668.] mica. black glittering felspar granular yellowish. quartz in small quantities. very thin laminae. but perfectly characterised. mixed with coarse granitic veins. if ind[urated] they are veins & not parallel layers

3670. Black patches appear only owing to more cryst. nature of Felspathic matter

3:39r

1836 Cape of Good Hope

3654 Granitic rock with schorl. the crystals take a radiating form this is however a miserable specimen

------------------------------------------------------------------------

3655x: 3656x: 3657x. The commonest varieties of sandstone in the section of the mountains of the French Hoeck Pass: the following specimens are less common & come from near same locality

3658x: 3659x: 3660x: 3661x: 3662x: 3663x.—----------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

3664x Common Clay Slate. Lions Rump

3665x: 3666. associated without any order, a sub granular crystalline feldspathic (?) conch fract slate

3667. do. decomposed, colour pale brown changed from a dark black grey. soft earthy

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3668x 3669x imperfect Gneiss or Mica Slate. near at junction of Granite & Clay Slate on Lions back

3670x. 3671: 3672 do Blackish. with tinge of purplish laminated granular micaceous. feldspathic rock with singular small black dots or patches. giving a granular appearance

3:39v

3673. 3674 cross. fracture shows granular struct, rather [illeg] finer grained. more glassy. mica in still smaller grains

3675. x quite compact. yet black spots & same ingredient, felspathic base more homogenious mineral. I think certainly felspar. sometimes shows tendency to form a single crystal

3677. N B. I think it may be proved from this that ingredients are separated by Heat.

3679 [this entry is a continuation of the last line of 40r] compact darker & paler unaltered variety of Clay Slate. about 1/4 mile distant from junction: with lens show a minute Cryst structure, as indeed nearly all the Clay Slate appears to show in this district. without lens ordinary Clay Slate

3:40r

1836 Cape of Good Hope

close to junction of the Granite on the Beach.—

3673: 3674: 3675: 3676.x Specimens a few yards further from the contact.— (3673) much the same as (3670). but with white patches of quartz

[a]ll obscurely [l]aminated [this note is in the margin and is partly hidden in the hinge of the page] patches (36]74:3675) much the same as (36]70) less micaceous & more homogenious: (3676) pale brown homogenious. very slightly micaceous rock. with distinct small white concretions of some mineral. (felspar?). which decomposes readily & leaves a honeycombed rock

3677: 3678 a couple of hundred yards further from junction (3677) much the same as (3670) but considerably less micaceous & ingredients less separated & crystalline (3678). do. but not at all micaceous pale compact homogenious slightly crystalline felspathic rock. with even & almost conch fracture

3679x: 3680 do. To the naked eye. a [this sentence continues on 39v in the note for 3679]

3:40v

3700 base tolerably compact. small crenulated cavities. lined with crys.— small crys of glassy fel[d]sp. ; looks felspathic. no other crys evident. yet melts into black enamel

3701. black glass.

3703. few minute vesicular cavities

3202 [a mistake for 3702] plenty of yellow olivine, a little augite

octahedron of iron

felspar decomposed

(Chabasie?)

3:41r

1836 Cape of Good Hope

3681 white Granite, a large dike close to within junction of granite & Clay. Slate. little silvery mica

3682: 3683: 36[84 written over 3]. singular mountain rock. asbestiform — quartz interior of Africa [3682 is photographed in Pearn 2009, p. 104.]

3685 Prehnite. do. Dr A Smith [(1797-1872). Smith advised Darwin on many scientific matters relating to Africa.]

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

July St. Helena [The Beagle left the Cape of Good Hope on 18 June and arrived at St Helena on 8 July.]

3700x Greyish black. highly feldspathic, compact base with few crystals of glassy feldspar

3701xx Blackish Trachyte base abounds good sized crystals. fract gl[assy] F. irregular small cavities. with white decomposed earth & others lined with most minute crystals Cryst: Matter.—

3702x Blackis[h] basaltic base. compact irregular fracture with crystals of glassy F & perhaps some grains of Olivine

of Olivine (these 3 from external rocks

3703x Greenish grey. pale. phonolite: acicular. minute crystals of glassy felspar generally planes in one direction (compact conchoidal fracture, sonorous

3704 Dusky Greenish black , greenstone like base, with few crystals of glassy felspar. note elongated .—

3:41v

some fusible in place & some attracted before very few crys of glassy felspar

3710.x Are not these Domites?

3711 not trace of crys [deleted with pencil] structure. & homog[enious]: little Alum smell. tolerably heavy & [friable] blackens harsh fracture under blowpipe difficult fusible.—

turns green first turns red & yellow fuses into green glass — contains a great deal of salt — which effloresces [out] on being kept

3710 true trachyte from its homogen fine grained earthy base passing into nature of domite

3705 from the manner in which [symbol of square with 'L' crossed from top left to bottom right] the purple base enters in in angular ( [symbol like cyrillic 'P']) spaces of the white matter. I do not doubt latter crystallised as we now see it.—

3:42r

I do not feel certain whether this not scoriae & ashes &c &c

St. Helena

3705x Purplish base. nearly reduced into wacke. & Porph: with numerous Crysts. of white soft felspar & irregular cavities with do: Flagstaff Hill

3706 decomp. & aggregated ashes probably Pinkish red, mottled with white. fine grained. soft between teeth tufa, little spec grav yet compact with conchoidal fracture: upper series

3707. grey enamel Highly cellular, grey, semi decomposed. feldspathic lava. Diana's peak.—

3708 Pale brown. compact, hard, base, almost composed of small minute crystals of glassy feldspar. Lava stream. Bencoulen Plain

3709 quite compact Cream coloured. felspathic base. very with minute [pearly] scales of imperfect Crystalline minutely specks of Iron:- from do.—

3710x greyish. white. semi decomposed soft lava filled with most u minute black specks: of hornblende & specular iron ? is same as (3707.) but not [cellular] Dianas ridge

3711 White. with tinge of brown cream colour — compact. not hard, straight fracture. semi decomposed lava. I think so. from seeing rocks into which it graduated. but am far from sure.— upper series

3:42v

laminated. veins formed by suction on each side.—

3712. like the [resin] from the Galapagos!!! [cf. 3220-3221] fuses easily

3714. colour rather bright green. edges translucent fuse into white glass; few small vesicular cavities. heavy rock

37[15]. differently from most true pitchstone fuses into jet balck glass [This may be one of the two specimens of obsidian from St Helena in the Daubeny Collection of the Oxford University Museum (see Chancellor et al. 1988, p. 198).]

3716. friable with ease under fingers, from shape of particles. it is easy to tell they have been bits of shell.—

3719. particles of Volc. matter & shells.—

3721. to more than half inch thick. must have been entirely enveloped

3722. with vein reverse case of Septaria

3723. Calcareous nucleus not so compact as the concentric rings.

3715. the rock very fine grained greenish brown crystalline structure in character would be called. trap rocks

43r

St: Helena

3712x: 3713. Quite soft. nearly white soft friable pale brown . tufa? with singular ferruginous veins.—

3714x Green. rather harsh base. with few crystals of glassy felspar & acicular ones of Hornblende. (I believe specimen. came from dike lower series.—

3715:x Singular, black glossy coating to many of the dikes. near the Barn

3716x (bracketted with 3717-3718] Soft calcareous — volcanic sandstone ti scarcely any. traces of organic remains in particles.

3717 Sandy Bay do. with calcareous matter dissolved & then run over & through the particles. hard, compact. semi-conch: fracture.—

3718 Stalactitic Limestone. in bed of stream from the Quarry

3719.x Calcareous. Volc. soft Sandstone. from base of Sugar loaf

3720 do. softer. with many minute particles of a land shell.— scarcely aggregated together.

3721x Pebble. coated with Tosca rock

3722x a small fragment of [cinders]. thickly so coated

3723x. nucleus Calcareous matter with few Volcanic particles. coated with do

3:43v

3733. Black enamel

3732. black enamel

3736 I cannot see any bent crys.

3:44r

St Helena

3724 Gypsum. mingled with earth.—

3725: 3726. Bulimus. Flagstaff Hill [See Darwin (1844) for descriptions by G.B Sowerby of Darwin's land shells from St Helena. Chancellor (2012) discussed the evolutionary significance for Darwin of the variation of these shells which he described in CUL-DAR38.934v-935.]

3727 young Bulimus. Pupa. & Helix (& egg of Bulimus?). from do.— [Sowerby attributed this specimen to Cochilopa terebellum.]

3728. Bulimus presented me from Mr R Seale. Flagstaff hill height 1700 ft.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Ascension [The Beagle left St Helena on 14 July and arrived at Ascension on 19 July.]

3732x Compact Conchoidal fract. greystone with some crystals of glassy feldspar: base of cricket ground

3733x do from do, base blacker

3734 from near do Brown. tolerably firm so as not by any means to crumble under fingers. aggregate of Volc. ashes. wth few bits of Pumice

3735. & some which appear augitic Black. highly vesicular. basaltic lava. with most minute crys of glassy Fel: upper stream. beneath cinders on Green Hill.

3736.x Trachyte all glass Pearly. white ish & pale brown. granular base. of Feldspar. & atom-like black crystals. containing crys. broken & bent of glassy. Feldsp. from foot of Cross Hill.—

3:44v

3739. Black enamel

3738. with few crys of dark coloured glassy F. around in the cavities. or crenulated patches. the stone is more crystalline & of a yellowish colour. so giving mottled appearance to rock

3740 outer part more finely vesicular than inner

3741. many of the crys. are rounded. as if they had been rounded by the flowing lava: fuses into black glass

3:45r

dusky green enamel

Ascension

3737x Brown. hard. heavy. fine grained Feldearthy [dull] fracture irregular rock. imbedding very few crys. minutely & irregularly vesicular: underlying some of the more modern streams near centre of Isd.—

3738x crystalline Compact dark grey semi=conch nearly homogenious feld . lava. with small crenulated linear cavities.— from near with last.—

3739x Black basaltic base, smally vesicular & amyg[daloidal] with glassy felspar?? & very modern stream. SW extremity

3740x Black scoriae. part of Bomb. from do volcano

3741x Black. base highly vesicular. with manyearthy small crys of glassy — feld. & Olivine modern stream near settlement.—

3742. White granitic looking rock. ejected with cinders Green Hill: crys of feld elongated, Feldspar two measurements 89°. 30' 90°. 45' semi-opake; the mica or hornblends. black with tinge of green [fused] appearance; quartz or what appears to represent that mineral. seems to differ but little in nature from the Feldspar.

3:45v

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[3: Inside back cover]

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[3: Back cover]

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[TRANSCRIPTION OF CUL-DAR236.4]

[4: front cover]

Geological Specimens [written on octagonal paper label gummed to cover]

3743

[4: inside front cover]

C. Darwin

4:1r

[unruled piece of paper gummed at bottom left to bottom left of 2r (see pencil on 3751 on 2v). The specimens described on 1r were given to Darwin by Lieut. Evans of the Royal Marines (see CUL-DAR38.941).]

3744 rednot glassy. cryst felspar (some larger) mingled with numerous small rather round grains of white quartz. (not fusible) with obscure black patch in which [much] scales of black micaceous mineral can be extracted when become slightly magnetic after having been heated — round these micaceous patches the rock is [other] colored. rather [darker] as if mineral had been many transfused & decomposed — Hornblende & true feldspar

-------------------------------------------------------------

3743 Labrador felspar, little altered Hornblende. a good deal of mica.

--------------------------------------------------

white granular felspar & I believe no quartz.—

---------------------------------------------

All very brittle [hard] feeling

4:1v

3742) Mass of confusedly cryst. snow white felspar not glassy with patches & streaks of bla.. dark brownish black — at first appearing like crys no cleavage then patches often present [little] [balls], the mineral has a metallic [quality] where links & the grains when large enough to be seen. are rounded externally — Probably with fused hornblende

Black mineral Cleavage quite destroyed

True Feldspar

---------------------------------

3745. Feldspar not measured true good crystals of Hornblende — round grains of quartz red patches & streaks & not owing to Hornblende

4:2r

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4:2v

3757 which. if the central parts were removed. would form the little cases as on Coquimbo beach

3749. not Carb of Lime. mem. Abrohlos Islets.—

3750 with a jaspery appearance

3751. excepting in some most rare particles:- rounded grains. appear even with lens all loose are only attached just at the points of contact.— colour of pink grains show. there is no envelope to [cont] grains

V. app. p. 17 & scrap of paper at beginning of the Book

3745. Black crystals good Hornblende. ∠s. 55°.25'. & less perfect one 123°.51'

---------------------------------------------------------------------

3744 90°.30' two angles going round circle

89°.30' very good. — felspar [these two measurements bracketted together]

& specks of Hornblende. 125° — 125°.—

3743. angle 93° 20'. mean of several. crystals much striated.—

4:3r

different angles not measure of this? [very faint pencil]

84° 30' 86° 30' pretty good

Ascension [made] 8°

good measurement

37 43x Granitic rock. nature unknown to me

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ejected with last.—

3744x Red. (brick) Granite. mica. altered.—

3745x Pale reddish do (.quartz reddish). with jet black. augitic like crystal: these two latter. from part of Garden House Hill -

3746x : 3747: 3748: Laminated Guano in large cavities in Lava

3749x Stalactiform. mass. in close neighbour=head ?effect of Guano?- [underlined in pencil]

3750x Seam of Clay Iron Stone. amidst Volcanic sandstone. & other stratified ejections; cause of the Springs. & hence of the colony on

Isd. of Ascension [underlined in pencil]

3751 .Rounded particles. white & few pink, x (with no trace of organic structure) of shells or Corals, cemented into a fine freestone.—

[see CUL-DAR39.88av for Miller's notes on 3751-3754.]

3752.x do. with considerable sprinkling of Volcanic particles; then, shelly, cemented & coated by glistening envelopes

4:3v

3768 Curious concentric. & ordinary structure.—

3755 rather more than 1/2 an inch thick. bored by worms.—

3758 emits very strong small like burnt horn — [written in margin] The Blackest kind under blowpipe instantly becomes always white, is easily destroyed dissolved by borax. & stains glass pale purple. I could not any how discover this with [sulp] of Phosphorus with more difficulty . do. paler coloured. = The greater part dissolved by mureatic acid. — leaving what appears flocculent. consists of thin plates of white transparent mineral, which as far as could be told. by pressing on glass is not hard.— easily fuses into opake white enamel- ? breaks angular toothed edge. as if tendency to cryst structure.— whole rock harder, than pure Calc matter. scratch crys of Calc matter with ease.— We may conclude coloured by Manganese.— contains iron. As told by Blue from Hydrocyanic acid & from Hydro[genated?]. Sulph of Ammonia.— white crystalline specks show themselves

4:4r

Ascension

3753 do. pure. cemented into an extremely hard. sonorous rock. occurring in thin strata.— with smooth straight fracture;

3754 [bracketted with 3753]

3755x A remarkable. white compact Calc: incrustat: (like shells) which occurred in certain year. on lava fields on coast.— Lava. black, basaltic modern stream.— small crenulated. few Crys.

3756x to 3767. A black very singular Calcareous. frondescent incrustation on tidal rocks

3768x 3769. Stalactite of Selenite from a cavern in the lava.—

3770 Lava. assuming a form precisely resembling piece of wood. without its bark.— [This seems to be specimen no.40 in Ramsay (1862). See Darwin (1844, p. 55) for description.]

3771.x Black. finely. irregularly vesicular. Basaltic lava

3772. Grey. with brown patches. compact. homogenious dull slightly Cryst. Feld. rock.— forming mere point under a basaltic lava irregular fracture

4:4v

3776. is owing to microscopic pink? specks; hard nature to siliceous infiltration

3774. The ferrug. rock is some igneous rock. allied to the obsidian. partially decomposed. the obsidian greenish black. a concret:- pisolitic structure

3776 Is certainly rather less fusible the simple. softer trachyte

3773. ∠ 90 [symbol for 'therefore'] Felspar the black point specular iron. magnetic before being heated.— I did not examine any other trachytes; but there can be no doubt. they are all so similar. they are all Felspar.—

4:5r

3773x base of Garden Hill Trachyte. pale brownish sandy looking base, with blackish points, & many large cry of broken glassy Feldspar

3774.: 3775.base of central Hills A most remarkable conglomerate consisting of rounded bits of granitic porphyritic Jaspery. & Volcanic rock part imbedded in a ferruginous base. but the whole mixed with patches thin layers of pitchstone, passing into the nature of Obsidian, — I should think has certainly flowed as a Lava. with Obsidian

---------------------------------------

3776xx Vein of pinkish agate. in vein which appears like sandstone. but is really either of a tufaceous or trachytic nature as cry of gl[assy]. F. will be described.—

3777. do. do. all. from. [The Devil's] Riding school

3778. do. from do: snow white. passing into a more jaspery nature

3779. do pale yellowish. with small cavities mingled. with ochry aluminous powder: in masses further or ? veins?-

4:5v

3780 some of cavities. lined with yellow substance similar to that in trap rocks at Hobart

3783. Under high power decidedly has not aspects of cryst. rock

3784. same as 3790. only. crys of gl[assy]. F. rather more [uneven] in this one

4:6r

Ascension

3780x Riding School Scoriaceous obscurely brecciated mass. cavities thickly coated with red & white chalcedony & intimately connected with some jasper masses.—

3781. do. with red jasper from do

3782. yellow jasper. from do. in large masses.—

----------------------------------------

3783.x White, dense. yet friable under finger. feldspathic base. (domite) with microscopic black specks, with crys. of glass[y]. feldspar: under high power has aspect of Cryst: rock: but it contains small fragments of dark scoriae. & hence appears like

con... tufa: White Hill

3784.x Is traversed by plates, from 1/10 th to 1 inch think. which appear like Trachyte. with rather a pearly base & spots. of purplish colour.— from do

4:6v

3787. Unquestionably same as 3786. excepting softer & more earthy.= the broken crys of Felspar help deception. non vesicular. & non stratified.—

3788. a compact strong stone

4:7r

Ascension

3785 Homogenious pale grey whitish Feldspath. trachyte R. in parts slight crystal. & containing very few crys of glassy F. laminated: & minutely & irregularly vesicular : base of Garden Hill

3786 nature ...not distinguish with high power Trachyte. heavy. white, harsh base with numerous small black. cryst points. with numerous crys of glass[y]. Feld. & brown patches as if resembling .........half decomposed crys of Hornblende Iron : in close connection with last

----------------------------------------------

3787x Agrees closely with (3783) excepting smoke grey: few crys. of glassy felds. but angular small brown patches as in above Trachyte: contains but not in this specimen; imbedded fragments: Riding school crater

3788x Agrees with last. except: more crys. of glass[y]. feldspar; considerably harder, more cryst struct; & of a darker grey: from do: agrees in all respects

4:7v

analogy with the Galapagos rosin. but wants glossy lustre a chemical union has not gone so far [It is not clear to which specimen this note applies. It is written sideways in the margin and appears aligned with the note presumed to be for 3799 which is the only specimen on 8r which carries the 'x' note symbol.]

[3799] black point. generally [diagram of circle with four concentric lines to the top left].6 or 7 layers all of same nature. central. black Irreg. cavities. smooth. even fracture. angular. adheres to tongue. very tough. pale brown.— kind of claystone. in one the largest central parts soft. like the imbedding matter. which is certainly decomposed ashes. & pumice even with trace of bits of pumice. light. soft. not compact very pale brown.—

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3790. base sometimes shows tendency to become compact; brown streaks. decomp. cryst. nature. just as before. compactness & hardness. only apparent difference.— fusible. though certainly with rather more difficulty than specimens such as 3783.—

4:8r

Ascension

3789 Largely Honeycombed, ferruginous. stone appears like sandstone but on close examination appears like last. rocks. impregnated with iron.— Riding school

3790. to 3795. Plates of hard sonorous rock. compact heavy same homogenious some Cryst base. grey. or brown. with numerous. black cryst. points Msometimes aggregated . with few. crystals. of glassy. feldspar.—

3796: 3797: 3798. Purplish black. base. porph with numerous. fractured. semidecomp: Crys of feldspar. & some ferruginous crys: vesicular. cavities lined with irregular hair like Cryst. of some mineral: fragment imbedded in rock (3787: 3788)

3799x.3800. Concretionary balls from 2 to nearly 3 inches in diameter. about 1. commonest.— same stalactiform [full] [sentence continues at top of 7r. See CUL-DAR38.949.]

4:8v

[Top left corner of page obscured by slip of paper (9r) glued there. If there is a number under the glue it is probably 3803.]

Laminae . like jasper between 1/100. & 1/200

3804. .extraordinary Like petrified decayed wood or siliceous aspect, angles very sharp

3801 Conchoidal fract. most extraordinarily perfect with projecting part about hinge

3804 very irregularly vesicular many of the linear cavities, are crossed by transverse threads. which have rathera glassy appearance.— base readily fusible

3805 obsidian in layers All the obsidian has a nodular structure concentric concentric laminae. as big as pears (2)

or shot (1) , singularly resembles in irregular half rounded pebbles, interstices filled by friable or indurated more or less decomposed ferrug. felspathic harsh stone. without crys a glassy fracture, the a dull. stone & such decomposed matter

is often laminated & resembles jasper & is slightly translucent. is carious in parts in lines: many of the layers

closely resemble rock 3804.

3807. Is more large masses of blackish imperfect angular lumps obsidian separated by thin veins passing into thin layers of pisolitic obsidian. interstices. white rather friable felspathic stone: obsidian with many scattered white points radiating from centre crystallites

3806. passage effect by nodular instead of laminae

3807. Laminated structure visible in obsidian with difficulty

4:9r

[Written on a narrow slip of paper c 8cm x 21 cm glued at the top left hand corner to 8v.]

3803. there are white crystallites in those layers [See CUL-DAR38.945 for short discussion of this specimen and see Darwin (1844, p. 58, figs. 6-7 for a detailed discussion and woodcuts.]

Layer of nodules irregular of green obsidian other nodules. of brown compact felspathic stone. fusible. white glass. not magnetic. obscure radiating structure [small diagram of three horizontal lines, on either side of and in contact with the central line are two sets of two circles one of which contains several horizontal lines.]. more than one centre.— these balls seem to unite & to form thin strata. in which dust like ashes from pumice.— layers dark brown. appear as if containing much iron. action however [ran] as crystallites .— perfect analogy concretions united into stratum.— obsidian balls not lined.— intervening layers appear like pale gray flinty slate. are in their nature felspathic. marked with thin layers of excessive thinness like the finest agates. — perfectly straight are parallel. general layers convoluted like those in mica slate

4:9v

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4:10r

with parallel streaks [more] transparent — clouds analogous to 3803 —

Ascension

3801 Splendid jet black obsidian

3802 do finely lined crystallite. white parts. greyish green less regular fract

3803 Lost nodules lined with [concentric] [this pencil note is boxed in pencil] Thin layers of dull greyish green rock. intermediate between compact Fels: & obsidian; alternating with a white powdery substance: containing minute nodules of green obsidian & ferruginous little balls.—

angular very sharp — harsh feel some altered jasper slates

3804xx Laminated. compact. grey. fels. rock. carious. & honeycombed in parts

3805xx Like (3703) thinner laminae nodular veins small masses of green obsi: in some parts imbedded in white feld. or farinacous powder

3806x with few brown decomposing laminae White granular pearly nodular do, feld. rock. containing & passing into irregular nodules of Obsidian

3807x: 3708L Obsidian. passing by nodular layers — into a rubbly imperfect obsidic — Feldspathic rock.—

in the dark obsidian by care with good lens. the finest shades of colour might be see[n] traversing the stone, absolutely straight & parallel to layers of the [iron] as 3703. these lines cross the crystallites indifferently.—

4:10v

3809. the thin white lines appear to be dependent on linear cavities, or slightly carious parts. the rock is full of cavities. and the white lines bend concentrically round these — not slaty

3810. prettily banded rock The specks appear [july] Hornblende oxide of iron. are of a dark brown. most [sauf] show traces of crys: are placed in lines & often united to form excessively fine layers. these give rock laminated appearance & colour [underlined with in pencil] ? it bends.—

3811 dull fracture scarcely trace of cryst structure.

3812 appears joined to rock such as 3802 only with very strong lens a trace at most of cryst. structure can be discovered compact, earthy fracture

4:11r

Ascension

3809x Blueish grey. homogenious stony Feld. R. alternating with layers convoluted. of whiter harsher kind around irregular cavities lined with oxide of iron

3810x black point fusible then magnetic Hard. compact. excessively fine alternation. even, of blueish grey & pale. brown. felds. Cryst structure. with numerous minute linear shaped. black. (iron?), particles with very few crys of glassy. Felds

3811x Homogenious. pale reddish brown. felds. rather sharp & angular fracture rock, hard, with most obscure traces of laminated struct:

3812x angular cavities Blueish Grey. do do. with rather more Cryst. struct: uneven fracture. hard. in spots minutely vesicular certainly a lava.—

NB. These foregoing were. found with the Obsidian Rocks.

4:11v

3816. minutely vesicular in planes:

NB These last two from white intermediate masses between Obsidian.—

All from same vicinity

3816 Pale grey obscurely laminated [by] white layers. which contain some crystals in minute cavities as (3815).— fracture to naked eye appear dull or earthy also feels like a fine sandstone with a lens howev appear to have — a somewhat crystalline structure-

3813 - Same as te 3810. more crystalline black points — no laminae

4:12r

some few distinct largest — crys. of gl. F. the black mineral is not in large enough crys to determine nature.— Black part. magnetic after fusion

Ascension

3813x brilliant black . Quite blueish grey compact. but is crystalline hard. heavy rock. like a Primitive Greenstone but felspar. rather too glassy some rather larger than general size distinctly granular, separation of the coloured by dissemi=nated particles

mineral a fragment picked up in same vicinity [illeg] numerous

3814 intermediate in character between 3810 & 3816 the black points go to form Hornblende? same as (3810). laminae not quite so even: is allied to last rocks. picked up with last.— sandy feel

-----------------------------------------

3815 allied to (3812). but laminated with few white, slightly tortuous lines, rather softer. & much more earthy fracture

3816xx Closely allied to do. but thinly laminated. by scarcely perceptible white planes: is allied to (3814 & 3815) differs in not possessing black cryst. specks. Also closely allied to (3785). especially in general aspect.—

4:12v.

3832. Are these black shining Cryss Hornblende or Augite.—

3833 3833. with very irregular angular fracture. small crys. which appear glassy felspar. & others so minute no character can be seen.—

3832 Numerous Hornblende ∠. 55°.45'.— with scales of mica embedded in pale green decomposing F. base. with crystals of do.—

8 3830 Hornblende. ∠ 54°. Black glittering rock. with small quantity of Feldspar

3831 ∠ 55°.30' — Hornblende

4:13r

3817 Stalactite of Selenite part of specimen (3768.) or (3769).—

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Bahia. Brazil [the Beagle left Ascension on 23 July and arrived at Bahia on 1 August]

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3830x Rather coarse granular mixture of crys. of Hornblende & felspar: embedded fragments in granite

3831 Situation. do. constitut: do. with few scales of mica.—

3832xx Si[uation] do: decomposed felspar, with crys of Hornblende. Mica. & green crystals: rock forming irregular. dike-like mass. but the cleavage folding round one extreme mass.—

3833.xx Black basaltic base. with few crys. of small glassy felspar part of true looking dike

3834 Sit do. base more evidently cryst. (probably black greenstone) with crys of glassy felspar.—

3835 A coarser cryst. black base: felspar greenish.— part of true dike.—

4:13v

A common variety

3836. Dike under singular circum=stances. apparently granite soft.—

3838. A very common variety with Hornblende & a little mica & a very few grains of quartz. felspar stained yellow

3844.3844 [bracketted together] A broken part likewise recoated felspar pale green

3847. ferruginous yellow. friable. of little specific gravity rock honeycombed — much of the ingredient having been dissolved away

3848 red like saddle. impossible to say from this specimen. whether decomp. in situ or not

3841 coating under blowpipe stained brown yellow whilst hot. afterwards became transparent.—

4: 14r

Bahia. Brazil

3836x black compact base. with minute elogated crys. of felspar: dike

3837 Large. true dike rather coarse granular close to last & perhaps connected with it.— felspar & Hornblende. easily distinguished.—

3838x Gneiss. very little mica or quartz.—

3839. Fine grained syenite showing by ferruginous lines a tendency to an orbicular stucture: crowded into cylindrical orifices.—

3840 3/4 of inch in diam Highly micaceous gneiss. with concretionary lumps of garnets. with scales of mica

3841: 3842: 3843: 3844.xx Green. larg. crys of felspar. with few of Hornblende & mica (primitive greenstone) — polished by a ferruginous coating in thickest parts about 1/250 inch thick.

3845 Decomposing granitic-gneiss in situ

3846 do do do

3847x Decomposing granitic mass. ? Situ ?

3848x. Superficial red covering of whole country

4:14v

Serpula main agents [written vertically in margin]

3872 [The following sentence continues from bottom of 15r:] Balani & other shells. minute Coralline cemented together. & coated with Alga.— the latter specimens. have become petrified with whitish brown Calcareous stone. which although not hard. is very tough & difficult to break from mass.— Part of Specimen (3874) shows in some cases, that layers of a dull reddish Corallina have considerably helped to form this deposit.—

3870 junction most intimate

4:15r

fine grained. non cal. grey

Bahia Brazil

3849: 3850. Concretionary masses of sandstone with crevice lined with small distinct [rhombs] of Carb: of Lime

3851 F. W. Shells in similar concretions

3852 [this specimen is photographed in Pearn (2009, p. 46)] Large univalve shell in pale coloured limestone (not of very uniform texture) from far in interior of the R. San. Francisco

3853 small pebble of quartz decomposed granite Red superficial covering upper parts. connected with beds such as (3848) quite friable not many broken crys.

Pernambuco [The Beagle left Bahia on 6 August and arrived at Pernambuco on 12 August.]

3868. 3869. Compact. hard. even fracture pale yellow brown sandstone consisting of smaller or larger grains of white transparent quartz. cemented by small quantity of white Calc. matter. generally fine grained

3870x: 3871. Do, encrusted with thick layer composed of Serpula, & few bits of broken shells

3872x: to 3875 6. do Serpula with pieces of [sentence continues at top of 14v]

4:15v

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4:16r

3877: 3878: 3879. A yellow fine grained limestone, effloresces slowly with acids tolerably hard & compact; contains a considerable but varying quantity of siliceous sandy. aluminous & ochrous matter: cavities in some parts, somewhat like casts of bits of vegetable matter.—

3880: 3881. Semi conch fract polished surface when cut by knife nail indurated pipe clay White. or purplish. aluminous indurated matter. firm. soft, greasy.— contains minute scales of mica & [illeg] atoms of quartz: in mouth soft: strong Aluminous small: adheres to the tongue. — Olinda.—

4:16v

3885. easily fusible. dark glass. greenish grey

4:17r

1836 Porto Praya.— St Jago [The Beagle left Pernambuco on 17 August and arrived at St Jago on 31 August.]

3883 Many small crystals of Augite, a decomposing olivine, black mica, in blackish grey base, — latter little in proportion; lowest series on mainland. front of Quail Isld.

3884. Greasy, pale greenish brown speckled with green clayed decomposing felspathic rock.— amygdaloid with yellow earthy balls lowest series. Quail Isld.

3885.x Hard, brittle, very irregular fracture, frequently decomposing ferruginous. nearly white amorphous feldspathic rock; with high power, traces of crystallization, threaded with hair lines ferruginous.—

3886. not so compact, similar but pseudo= =brecciated: the hair-like ferruginous forming lines of division, not so cryst. struct: irregular fracture, as before: lowest series inland under Flat Hill. & North Hill.—

4:17v

3887. after heated very slightly magnetic With latter rocks. but only in one place.— yet white & felspathic as it looks. yet when found some patches are grey. but greater part. black all the [purest] black metallic glossy as also does the green mineral.— (the green mineral only appears the purer & formerly being crystalliz. mineral of whole mass) edges of green. soft. min. translucent.— Olivine?

3892 full of minute crenulated vacuities; at first appear a breccia of minute red earthy fragments. carefully examining some soft of these show tendency to assume external form of crys. elongated like felspar — - This red matter is highly magnetic. both before & after blowpipe. with latter fuses with difficulty into quite dull enamel.— Is I suppose specular iron in decomposed state.— no bright facets

4:18r

brittle resembles [terra boleris]

Porto Praya

3887xx yellowish. greenish greasy. clayey rock. decomposed felspar. with few large crys. of Augite. & others of green soft mineral.

3888 compact black-grey. basalt. conch. fracture full of small irregular crys grains of blackish nearly colourless Olivine: summit of Flat Hill. above latter three rocks.—

3889. Conglomerate, irregular small fragments of brown scoriae, with snow white arragonite(?) base. with last rock.—

3890: 3891: Similar to (3888); from upper part of Table land. (Mr Kent)

3892x.3893. Greenish brown base. cryst= compact , full of bright red specks, some of which appear like jasper, some show obscure traces of crystallization. vesicular specks; (filled with quartz or calcareous matter, sometimes) from summit of Flagstaff hill.—

4:18v

3894.— No trace of sandstone structure

3897. May be called truncated botryoidal

3895. surfaces red as so many limestones [written vertically in margin] highly crystalline. yet traces of mechanical struct. discernible one bit perhaps shell?) ; the black points look glossy as if they had been fused? — Calc. spar angle 105. Therefore true. rock easily scratches calc. spar. gives out a good deal more vapour than Calc. spar.— slightly blacker at first. by heat.= Vide Hydro Carbonate of lime in Phillips — Henslow says this latter. when basalt has passed over chalk.— blue compact.— this glitter most brilliantly when turned before light from distinct points: the minute rounded particles. some look like olivine: none magnetic even after B.P.—

4:19r

Porto Praya

3894x. Snow white. opake, earthy compact partly smooth compact, partly earthy fracture with rounded. cavities. nearly filled with friable [orchry] matter; beneath lava Quail Isld.—

3895x Brittle. semi= conch. fracture, nearly white limestone; both cryst. & mechanical structure evident; with lines of black particles of volcanic origin. beneath lava. near landing place

3896heavy compact rock Conglomerate, of small fragments of glossy scoriae (such as here from superficies of streams united by sun white arragonite, of which the irregular cavities are lined with minute beautiful crystals

3897x: 3898. Basalt & conglomerate incrusted with brown calc. layer, sometimes smooth, but generally frondescent, minutely, yet like that of Ascension.— Is it purely. calcareous? Blowpipe [in all] yes. all soluble

4:19v

3908. characters all nearly perfect. base becomes opake. altered & white

3909. base softer more earthy

3910. do with crevices fi lined with a yellow & transparent siliceous matter like [gum] ?name?-

3911 quite fusible the finest powder

4:20r

Porto Praya

3899 hard solid rock Small breccia. of crumbling surface of lava stream. cemented by calcareous matter.— filling up. crevices between columns of basalt. — Surface also with calcareous crust formed by surf.—

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Terceira — Azores [The Beagle left the Cape Verdes on 4th September and arrived at Terceira on the 19th (see Armstrong (2004) and Pereira and Neves (2009). From there she reached Falmouth on 2 October 1836, when Darwin disembarked.]

3908x: 3909x.3910x. Altered Trachyte: base soft white, crystals pretty perfect, Iron in state of red oxide

3911x Snow white clay. or decomposed felspar

3912x Blackis[h]- grey. basalt. with crys. of Olivine & Augite modern stream central land

3913. 3914. Modern streams near the coast of basaltic lavas. Black very vesicular

4:20v

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4:21r

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4:21v

[pages 22r-43v blank]

4:44r

[blank]

4:44v

[blank]

4:45r

[blank, with piece torn off top right corner]

4:45v

[piece torn off top left corner]

Feb.1838 ['1838' inked over]

Mr Brow[n] has the Brown stone with cylinder to ['o' inked over]

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Wood from Hornillos to ascertain whether like Yew. Araucaria [deletion in ink]

----------------------------

Wood from Chiloe to as[certain] [ground] Araucaria structure to ascertain whether yew-like structure

Have I got stone from back of tree?

---------------------------------------

4:46r

Mr Brown says brown lump with internal cylinders is perhaps wood very much decayed. from Parana

-------------------------

2227 perforated by worm-like cavities filled with stone wood like substance -

----------------------------

Wood from Iquiqui not coniferous

: only slightly altered

4:46v

none of the The leaves do not resemble the more usual form not the class of exception which at present occur in Van Diemens land of Eucalptus

-----------------------

Do not Resemble the leaves of any plant known now to exist. in Van Diemen's Land — are palmate, like the Fan Palm ['al' inked over]

----------------------

Four kind — or more

---------------------

Van Diemen's land leaves

figure??

4:47r

[the pencil on this page is extremely faint]

In Agate — Jasper of Mr Brown rings of pure quartzoze matter ⦶ generally ☉

----------------

-------------------

* & agate structure either in agate in [hollows] rotten parts of silicified wood

--------------------------

Agate structure in hollows made by rottenness & as well as in large vessels —

4:47v

Mr Brown.

2348 Common wood (Lemuy) not coniferous — dicotyledonous [this specimen is at the NHM and is listed in 236.3.1r]

[bracket] specimen from Copiapo conglomerates coniferous. but no structure like that of yew, as with Uspallata wood or vertical trees

1574 not coniferous.= (Parana) [this specimen is at the NHM]

831 not coniferous — Uruguay [this specimen is at the NHM]

1978. - do — (S. Cruz) [this specimen is at the NHM]

1975 Specimen like reeds (S. Cruz) non coniferous [this specimen is at the NHM and is listed in 236.3.1r]

2579 [bracket] Mr Brown will not say but this appear coniferous (Concepcion) [this specimen is at the NHM and is listed in 236.3.1r]

1473. do. — do. same pretty good evidence

1720.1721. not known at all whether wood or not Curious. will tell me when polished (Port St Julian) [these two specimens are at the NHM]

2518 Coniferous (Chiloe)

2887. Coniferous (Los Hornillos)x

3091. Coniferous [this specimen is at the NHM] / 3092. Coniferous & yew like structure not visible [ink over very faint pencil] [this specimen is listed in 236.3.1r]

no palms [in pencil box]

[4: Inside back cover]

Nov 1843

Albitic Rocks measured in separate Bag.

962

994

995

2079

2258

2906

2912

2937

3067

3080

3081 [these specimens all bracketted together]

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Rocks to be further examined in sepr. Bag

2095.

2675.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Albitic Rocks partly measured in separate Bag

2663

2932

3112 [these specimens all bracketted together]

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Feldspathic rocks could not measure angles in sep. Bag

2248

2255

2909

3090

3116

3118

3125

3205

3208

3739

3533

-3535

-3537 [these specimens all bracketted together]

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Curious rocks chiefly from Andes. metamorph. sediment: more examination

1812

2682

2700

2874

2937 [written as '1937' but '1' overwritten '?2' in pencil]

-2938

-2939

2940

-2947

2988

2995

3106

3089 [these specimens all bracketted together]

[4: Back cover]

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