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(5

Ch 5) Intercrossing & Sterility

X = Interbreeding — good of crossing = Effects /- S = Sterility from changed condition

Cottage Gardener 1/44 & 55 Geraniums changing in fertility / do 8/61 / 1/24 / 10/109 secret of producing fertility S

Poultry Book p. 65 Indian Fowls & African fertile when first introduced into this country S

Tegetmeier, William Bernhard. 1856-1857. The poultry book: including pigeons and rabbits (by Harrison Weir). Parts I-XI. London: Orr & Co. PDF

X — 126 on increased size of crossed pheasant & of breeds of fowls.—

— 130 Hen-tailed cocks sterile

Poultry Chronicle several important references. S

29/28 European sterile in Java (?)

— 52/303 vi[cifer] duck not breeding S 58/69 tree from Madagascar variable infertility in [illeg]

X Low LXIII ill effects of interbreeding

Thompson Birds 2/49 S [Green breeding were cenlineal] (more fertile than partridge) See other cases, show [goes] by [genus] curious

Beckstein (song bird) S p 20 on rarity of cage-birds breeding p. 83, 105, 139

Bechstein, Johann Matthäus. 1840. Naturgeschichte der Stubenvögel. 4th ed. Halle: Hennemann. [signed] CUL-DAR.LIB.32 PDF

— / p. 185 &c./ losing male secondary characters in confinement S / p 242 good breeder case in Canaries

— p. 418 case of quail breeding in confinement— S

Ray Wisdom. p. 109 Swallow laying more eggs.— so increased prolific of domestic birds duller

Ray, John. 1692. The wisdom of God manifested in the works of the creation: In two parts. viz. the heavenly bodies, elements, meteors, fossils, vegetables, animals, (beasts, birds, fishes, and insects) more particularly in the body of the earth, its figure, motion, and consistency, and in the admirable structure of the bodies of man, and other animals, as also in their generation, &c. 2d ed. 2 Parts. London: Samuel Smith. [signed][ESC Library] CUL-DAR.LIB.530 PDF

X Walker 228 Knight on breeding in & in. Summary on do.- /299

Flourens Instinct 85-88 Breeding of [illeg] in confinement /97 do/ S

Flourens, Marie Jean-Pierre. 1845. De l'instinct et de l'intelligence des animaux. 2d ed. Paris: Paulin. CUL-DAR.LIB.194 PDF

Tschudi's 16 on Alps highest & lowest chamois. 3 weeks between blossoming

Tschudi, Friedrich von. 1856. Sketches of nature in the Alps. From the German. London: Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans. (Translation of Das Thierleben der Alpenwelt.) CUL-DAR.LIB.630

Yarrells Birds 1/412 Sky-lark breeding S

Yarrell, William. 1839. A history of British birds. London: John Van Voorst. vol. 1. [inscribed "14 June 1839"] CUL-DAR.LIB.691 PDF

— 1/506 Redpoles breeding in confinement.— losing red S

Müller 2/1453 very good on crossing of tape-worms

Charlesworth Mag 2/491 Prophia will not breed in confinement S

Magazine of Natural History and Journal of Zoology. 1837-1840. Conducted by J. Loudon, Edward Charlesworth. vols. 1-4. n.s. CUL-DAR.LIB.760 vol. 1 PDF vol. 2 PDF vol. 3 PDF vol. 4 PDF

— 3/223 Spansh not breeding in confinement S

— 3/469 S few birds breeding in St. James Park S

Isidore Geoffroy 1/158 dwarfs and giant sterile 1/191. Explanation of 3/284 & 377 doubles m[illeg] breeding S

X Loudon's Engels 829 Early potatoes not flowering S

Ent. Transact. 4/60 Butterflies not pairing in confinement S

Entomological Society of London. 1840-1881. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London.

Crawfurd Dict 145 Goose not breeding at Manilla S

Crawfurd, John. 1856. A descriptive dictionary of the Indian islands & adjacent countries. London: Bradbury & Evans. [Darwin Library-Down] PDF

Owens Invertebrata 256 on seed & worms 86 Unions in Planariæ / 151 Spermatozoa expressing Bryozoa / 213 Synapt only have [Echino]

Owen, Richard. 1843-6. Lectures on the comparative anatomy and physiology of the invertebrate animals. 2 vols. London.

— 221 Termites of Synapt could not cross /459, 467 Hermaphrodite Acarus.

— 477 Solitary ascidians distinct [illeg]– aggregate Herm. but remarks Huxley on Pyrosoma

— 521 [Lanchlistmad] 539 Pteropods reciprocal cistus

Bechstein Noting 3/299 [illeg] more fertile in India

Lecoq [Hgt] 5, 26 in Dichogamy 268 Gramineæ wheat A list of p. 52 of Dichogamous/ [illeg] (X)

(X) — (X) 61 Thinks Fumaric can never cross. 95 on forceful crossing of Leguminosæ

Kölreuter — F[illeg] (my abs. p 3) p 121 wild plants with failing pollen S

— do 5 & 6 / Doubleness strangely inherited in crossed plant – [3 words illeg] case in sterility

X –Large abstract p. 15.  innumerable flowers in quite sterile Hybrids — shows no relation between sterility & production of flowers

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Ch 5 On Intercrossing Ch 5

Ray Report Z & B. 1845. 65 Impregnation effected by twisting of withered flowers & Ch. Fermond

Ray Society. 1845. Reports on the progress of zoology and botany 1841, 1842. Edinburgh. Ray Society. (Contributions by Bonaparte, Charles-Lucien, Erichson, W. F., Link, Heinrich Friedrich, Siebold, C. Th. E. von, Troschel, F. H., Wagner, J. A.) [Darwin Library-CUL] CUL-DAR.LIB.771 PDF

Fermond, Charles. 1859. Faits pour servir à l'histoire générale de la fécondation chez les végétaux. Paris: Pillet (from: Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 6: 749-751.) [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 234] PDF

do Bot 1846. 367 271 Campanula

X Ray Bot. Memoir 1853 p. 42 Littorella lacustis never flower under water.

Henfrey, Arthur. 1853. Botanical and physiological memoirs, consisting of I.—The phenomenon of rejuvenescence in nature, especially in the life and development of plants especially in the life and development of plants. by Dr. A. Braun. translated by A. Henfrey, F.R.S., etc. II. On the animal nature of the Diatomeae, with an organographical revision of the genera by Professor G. Meneghini. Translated by Christopher Johnson, M.R.C.S.E. III. An abstract of the natural history of Protococcus Pluvialis. by Dr. Ferdinand Cohn. By George Busk, F.R.S., etc. London: Ray Society. CUL-DAR.LIB.265 PDF

X Van Mons 1/406 Pears not intercrossing 2/76 goodness of fruit connected with sterility

Mons, Jean Baptiste van. 1835-1836. Arbres fruitiers: leur culture en Belqique et leur propagation par la graine, ou, Pomonomie Belge, expérimentale et raisonnée. On y a joint le catalogue descriptif abrégé des bons fruits nouveaux procréés et cultives a la pépinière d'expérience de l'auteur a Louvain. 2 vols. Louvain: L. Dusart & H. Vandenbrock. CUL-DAR.LIB.445 vol. 1 PDF vol. 2 PDF

X Marshall. 295. on changing sets of potatoes.

"For Lancashire, see Marshall's 'Review of Reports,' 1808, p. 295."

X Richardson Pig. 26 cross with Chinese restore fertility

Richardson, H. D. 1847. Pigs: their origin and varieties, management with a view to profit, and treatment under disease. Dublin: J. McGlashan. CUL-DAR.LIB.538 PDF

Martin on Dog 203 African dogs in [illeg] never bred. So Dogs in Paris

Martin, William Charles Linnaeus. 1845. The history of the dog: its origin, physical and moral characteristics, and its principal varieties. London: Charles Knight & Co. CUL-DAR.LIB.414 PDF

Mowbray Poultry. 133 Hen pheasant lays 10 eggs in confinement - 18 to 20 wild. S Peacock said to be less fertile hen.

Moubray, Bonington. 1834. A practical treatise on breeding, rearing and fattening of all kinds of domestic poultry, pheasants, pigeons, and rabbits also the management of swine, milch cows, and bees; with instructions for the private brewery, on cider, perry, and British wine making. 7th ed. London: Sherwood, Gilbert, and Piper. CUL-DAR.LIB.450 PDF Darwin spelled as Mowbray throughought Variation.

Dixon Poultry. 48 Old Canada goose wd not breed with Audubon young would S

Dixon, Edmund Saul. 1848. Ornamental and domestic poultry: their history and management. London: G. Routledge & Co. [inscribed] CUL-DAR.LIB.149 PDF ; PDF

" " 101, 103 Teal & Widgeon breeding

139 Goose [illeg] increased by high-feeding "Die Ente" no of eggs in wild goose & duck

146 Beonide. increased fertility during confinement.- S

Dixon Dovecote 247 Guans so tame & yet not breeding readily. S

Dixon, Edmund Saul. 1851. The dovecote and the aviary. London: John Murray. CUL-DAR.LIB.150 PDF

X [Baitier]. 35 crossed pigeons most fertile 45 years experience. Neumeister do p. 18

Neumeister, Gottlob. 1837. Das Ganze der Taubenzucht. Weimar. B. F. Voigt. CUL-DAR.LIB.467 PDF

158 Dovecoats by high-feeding rendered fertile - others say same thing. Psitor Das Ganze p. 46

Pistor, E. M. W. 1831. Das Ganze der Feld-und hoftaubenzucht, nebst einer Anleitung zum Abrichten der Brief- oder Posttauben. Hanau: C. F. Edler. [on Beagle, signed "Ap. 10/56"] CUL-DAR.LIB.504 PDF

Annals 8/86 pollen-tribe of Campanula enter only stigmatic surface

Hassall, Arthur Hill. 1841. Observations on the functions performed by the hairs on the stigma in Campanulaceze, Composite, and other plants. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 8: 84-87.

(X) — do 42 1/2 million grains of pollen

" 12/453 Partridge laying aviary. S

Cookson, George. 1843. Assumption of the male plumage by a female partridge. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 12: 453-454.

" 1/456 (2d ser.) no of eggs of Gallus Bankiva

Blyth, Edward. 1848. Corrections of "Critical remarks on Mr. Gray's Catalogue of mammalia and birds presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., to the British Museum". Annals and Magazine of Natural History 2d ser. 1: 454-457.

" 14/444 (2d s) Hooker on movement of pollen in Listeria

Anon. 1854. [Review of] J. D. Hooker, On the structure and functions of the rostellum of Listera ovata. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 2d ser. 14: 444.

X " 15/433 (2d s) V. Harcourt on cross of domestic & wild canary [illeg] bird physically strange.

Harcourt, Edward William Vernon. 1855. Notes on the ornithology of Madeira. (offprint, slightly reset from Annals and Magazine of Natural History 2d ser. 15: 430-438). CUL-DAR196.4.1 Image PDF

Linn. Journ 2/7 Dimorphous Campanula both seeding (+)

Hooker, Joseph Dalton and Thomson, Thomas. 1858. Præcursores ad Floram Indicam: being sketches of the natural families of Indian plants, with remarks on their distribution, structure, and affinities. [Read 3 March 1857.] Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Botany) 2: 1-29. [CUL Unbound material]

X " 2/36 Clitoria will have flowers without stamens yet fruiting (+)

Bentham, George. 1858. Memorandum on the principles of generic nomenclature in Botany, as referred to in the preceding paper. [Read 3 March 1857.] Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Botany) 2: 30-44. [CUL Unbound material]

Loudon's Mag. 3/197 night smelling flowers dark-coloured.

Anon. 1830. Night-smelling plants. Magazine of Natural History and Journal of Zoology 3: 197.

" 5/153 Insects not breeding in confinement S

W. A. B. 1832. On the claim of certain Lepidopterous insects taken in England to be considered as indigenous. Magazine of Natural History and Journal of Zoology 5: 149-156.

" 6/110 some hawks kept by falconer 6-8 years. S

Hoy, J. D. 1833. Observations on the Iceland and Ger falcons (Falco islandicus), tending to show that these birds are of two distinct species.Magazine of Natural History and Journal of Zoology 6: 107-110. PDF

" 9/347 Parrot living 80 years in confinement.— S Humboldt story of extreme longevity

White, M. H. 1836. Facts on the measure of the length of life of species of parrot; with suggestions for ascertaining the average period of existence of the whole animal creation; and an anecdote on a parrot.Magazine of Natural History and Journal of Zoology 9: 347-349. PDF

Youatt on sheep 181. Merino sheep not quite fertile S when first introduced in England

Youatt, William. 1837. Sheep: their breeds, management, and diseases. London: Baldwin & Cradock. CUL-DAR.LIB.692 PDF

X -— 494 avoid close interbreeding

-— on cattle n.s at end Chillingham cattle bad breeders

X Bradley's Husbandry (1722) 3/58 good of change of [illeg] — tried himself

Bradley, Richard. 1724. A general treatise of husbandry and gardening. 3 vols. London: T. Woodward. [Each signed R. W. Darwin.] CUL-DAR.LIB.61 vol. 1 PDF

L. Institut 1840 p. 274 Bees in N. Zemble.—

Baer, Karl Ernst von. 1840. Sur l'histoire naturelle de la Nouvelle-Zemble. L'Institut (13 August): 274-275.

Look carefully over C. C. Sprengel.—

Sprengel, Christian Konrad. 1793. Das entdeckte Geheimnis der Natur im Bau und in der Befuchtung der Blumen. Berlin: F. Vieweg. CUL-DAR.LIB.605 PDF

Huxley Medical Times 319/133 sexes of Parasitic worms.— 307/481 on spermatozoa in lowest animals not discovered in some.
312/619 Actinia dioicous

Huxley, Thomas Henry. 1856. Lectures on general natural history. Medical Times and Gazette (9 August) n.s. 319: 131-134. CUL-DAR138.2.4. Image

Huxley, Thomas Henry. 1856. Lectures on general natural history. Medical Times and Gazette (17 May) n.s. 307: 481-484. CUL-DAR138.2.1. Image

Huxley, Thomas Henry. 1856. Lectures on general natural history. Medical Times and Gazette (21 June) n.s. 312: 618-623. CUL-DAR138.2.2. Image

102v

Campenala

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  Intercrossing — Sterility

G. Chroncile 1860. p. 321 & p. 416 /p. 26/ on cross-bred sheep advantage & disadvantage of X

Howard, Charles. 1860. The merits of pure-bred and cross-bred sheep. Gardeners' Chronicle (7 April): 320-321.

X " " p. 416. case of close interbreeding

Barford, Valentine. 1860. Cross-breeding.—The Foscote flock. Gardeners' Chronicle (5 May): 416-417.

X Ferguson on poultry. p. 83 Experiment on interbreeding p. 311, 313, 317.

Ferguson, George. 1854. Ferguson's illustrated series of rare and prize poultry including comprehensive essays upon all classes of domestic fowl. London: Lithographed & printed by C. J. Culliford. PDF

X Sidney - Youatt on pig p. 29-34 on interbreeding — good.

Youatt, William. 1860. The pig. Enlarged and re-written by Samuel Sidney. London: Routledge, Warn & Routledge. CUL-DAR.LIB.695 PDF

Audubon. Ind p. 268 squirrel never breeding in confinement p 221. Apparently flying sq. has bred S

Audubon, John James and Bachman, John. 1846. The viviparous quadrupeds of North America. New York: J. J. Audubon. CUL-DAR.LIB.15 PDF

Proc. Amer. Acad Sc. IV 21. On pollen affecting seeds — Effect inherited.

Gray, Asa. 1858. [Cross-bred fruit and seeds]. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 4: 21-22.

(X) Gould Trochilidae p. 15 Humming Birds sucking long tubular flowers & like Bees protruding their bases (+)

Gould, John. 1861. An introduction to the Trochilidae, or family of humming-birds. London: Taylor & Francis. [inscribed] CUL-DAR.LIB.230 PDF

do p. 120 sucking Saliciæ

Fermond (8vo Pamph. 234) Flowers in withering on closing in evening self-fertilise themselves; even in Viola, malvaceae, Iris, Tūi &c, Campanula — Fecundation often before flower opens. Phaseolus — p. 17 Humming Birds fertilise flowers
p. 36 natural crossing of Phaseolus

Fermond, Charles. 1859. Faits pour servir à l'histoire générale de la fécondation chez les végétaux. Paris: Pillet (from: Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 6: 749-751.) [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 234] PDF

Linnean Transact vol. 23 — 1860 Part I p. 64. Dichogamy in worms, good in comparison with plants.

Carpenter, William Benjamin and Claparède, Édouard. Further researches on Tomopteris onisciformis, Escholtz. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 23: 59-68, pl. 67.

do do do p. 224 Huxley on Dichogamy in Pyrosoma

Huxley, Thomas Henry. 1860. On the anatomy and development of Pyrosoma. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 23(1): 193-250.

do do Part II p. 350 Cobbold on rare case of [illeg] Flakes in copulation

Cobbold, T. Spencer. 1861. Further observations on Entozoa, with experiments. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 23(2): 349-358.

Linn. Journal vol. VI. no 22 p. 71 on comingling & blending of Rats.

Salter, S. James A. 1862. On the cranial characters of the Snake-rat, new to the British fauna. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Zoology) 6: 66-73. [CUL Unbound material]

Proc. Zoolog. Soc. 1861. Part II. p. 140 Bartlett on fertility of Felidae S

Bartlett, Abraham Dee. 1861. Remarks on the breeding of the larger Felidae in captivity.  Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 140-141, pl. XXII.

Gardeners' Ch. 1861 p 631. - on distinct strains being kept of sheep to parent too close interbreeding

(X) p 552 my paper on Vinca.

Darwin, C. R. 1861. Fertilisation of Vincas. Gardeners' Chronicle no. 24 (15 June): 552. Text

p. 736 on these self seeding - 831. Mr Horwood

F. A. P. 1861. Vincas. Gardeners' Chronicle no. 32 (10 August): 736. PDF

Darwin, C. R. 1861. Vincas. Gardeners' Chronicle no. 37 (14 September): 831-832. Text

p. 699 Crocker on Vinca rosea seeding when aided, as I suggested

Crocker, Charles William. 1861. Fertilisation of Vinca rosea. Gardeners' Chronicle (27 July): 699.

Cottage Gardener (7 by number) p. 44 Geranium which was fertile now sterile S p. 55 Reversion case

Abbey, G. 1865. Stocks and their influence. Journal of Horticulture and Cottage Gardener 2d ser. 9 (18 July): 44-45. (lacks beginning). CUL-DAR205.7.6 Image

" (8 do) S p. 61 (no^r. 9) p. 94 do good. (no 10) p. 109 causes of sterilitly of [same]

" (17 do) p. 94. Ligurian crossing. / p. 143 do/

[Woodbury, Thomas White]. 1860. Ligurian queens – M. Hermann's "originals". Cottage Gardener and Country Gentleman 24(6) (8 May): 94.

B. & W. 1860. Fraternisation among bees—forming Ligurian stocks. Cottage Gardener and Country Gentleman 24 (29 May): 143-144.

" (19) 244. on crossing plants in Hothouse by brush in place of insects. on quantity of pollen requisite.

" (1)✓ (19) 254. very curious case of direct influence of pollen on female plants in causing [most] of peduncle

" (X) do do on one of 5 pollens alone affecting seed of Pelargonium.

" (X) (20) 301 - [illeg] flowers generally smell at night; [illeg] afterwards perfumed.

" (X) (21) 346 case of 2 Cougar. apparently naturally crossing

X " (22) 54. on case of introduction of new cock pheasants to improve breed

" (X) (26) 112 on crossing of varieties X

" (X) (27) 96. do goodish. X

" (32) 257 on period of fertilisation of Wheat (33) p. 272

X " (39) p. 39, 40: conclusive (43 158) Evidence (41) p. 77. crossing of Hive Bees

" (35) p 315 Wheat

" (45) 237 on sterility of a sport from Geranium S

X " (48) 310 on sterile variation of most cultivated flowers S experiment (48) 321 Geranium

X (48) 326 Bees of Tasmania fertile as from same stock.-

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Intercrossing & Sterility

Kölreuter — Large abstract p. 18 S Hybrids producing less seeds when potted (p. 11 remark similar case

— do p. 30 comparison of sterility of Hybrids & effect of pottering.

X — do p 44 great size of hybrids, inherited by very fertile Hybrids

Kölreuter, Johann Gottlieb. 1761-1766. Vorläufige Nachricht von einigen das Geschlecht der Pflanzen betreffenden Versuchen. Leipzig: in der Gleditschischen Handlung. CUL-DAR.LIB.341 Abstract in CUL-DAR116. PDF

Gaertner Bastard 360 parallelism of sterility from conditions & crosses S

Gärtner, Carl Friedrich. 1849. Versuche und Beobachtungen über die Bastarderzeugung im Pflanzenreich. Stuttgart. CUL-DAR.LIB.209 PDF

— 369 Hereditary sterility of  Dicanthus pure

X — 528 Luxuriance of Hybrids not due to sterility.

— 565 Hybrids more inclined to produce double flowers. 569 Male flowers easiest affected in both cases gives reasons (& [illeg] the cases

Waterhouse Rodentia 463 Nepal Porcupine breeds in confinement S

Carpenters Phys. 493 Abstract of Thuret on sexes of Fuci / 561 Synapt hermaphrodite

Carpenter, William Benjamin. 1854. Principles of comparative physiology. 4th ed. London: John Churchill. CUL-DAR.LIB.106 PDF

553 Medusæ sexes separate even so low in scale/ 573 Salpidæ dichog.

575 Davaine on Oysters dichog - 577 Planopoda & Planeria 589 require [illeg]

592 Dorsibranchiate Annelids dioicous, being [illeg] impregnation must be by water

595 Myriapoda always dioecious 628 Some acenidæ dioicous

X Prosper Lucas 2/904 Summary on ill effects of interbreeding.

Lucas, Prosper. 1847-1850. Traité philosophique et physiologique de l'hérédité Naturelle. Paris: J. B. Baillière. CUL-DAR.LIB.381 vol. 1 PDF vol. 2 PDF

Agassiz Class 74 Possible explan. of strange molussc in Synapta

Phil. Transact. 1854 p 259 Hooker on impregnation of Listeria, self-impregnation structures from yet I show much crossing

Hooker New Zealand — List of trees with respect to sexes (+)

X Wiegmann cases of Leguminosæ naturally crossing (X)

X Pampht. 8vo 63 Sebright p. 13 has distinctly tried breeding in & in yet no bigot; Meynall in do - 18 says regarding animals good

Sebright, John Saunders. 1809. The art of improving the breeds of domestic animals, in a letter addressed to the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, K.B. London: Harding. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 63] PDF

X 121/22 Nat. Hybrid between 2 Phaseoli (X)

— 149. R. Hils Parrot never breeds —p 8. P[illeg] breeding S

X — 161 Naudin on Stramonium & Petunia; not crossed by insect (X)

— 174 Huxley Pyrosoma in fact Dichogamous — for element matured at different

— 176 Guide Z. Gardens. p 11 & 12 Cranes breeding S

— 189 Newman on barren Lepidoptera when bred at certain periods. S

Eding. New Phil. 84 p 288 Hydra some individual 1 sex — some both sexes combined

Colin Phy Dom. 2/492 on Hermaphrodite Fish

Colin, Gabriel Constant. 1854-1856. Traité de physiologie comparée des animaux domestiques. 2 vols. Paris: J. B. Baillière. CUL-DAR.LIB.113 vol. 1 PDF

Bronn Geschichte 77 Dimorphism or doubling of flowers S

Bronn, Heinrich Georg. 1841. Handbuch einer Geschichte der Natur. 2 vols. and atlas. Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagshandlung (E. Koch). CUL-DAR.LIB.72 vol. 1 PDF vol. 2 PDF

— 96 Hawk going back to earlier plumage in Berlin & male Pyrrhole assuming female plumage S

— 100 On geese infertile in America & Poultry ; race fertile S

It is important to show in Azaleas, Lilacs &c that sterility not due to force of vegetation or great size fruit, but to direct action

Siebold Anat. Comp 1/342 & 348 male & female organs invaginated yet lending to separate organs

Siebold, Carl Theodor Ernst von and Stannius, Hermann. 1850. Nouveau Manuel d'Anatomie comparée. Trad. par A. Spring et Th. Lacordaire. 2 vols. in 3 parts. Paris: Manuels-Roret. CUL-DAR.LIB.590 PDF, PDF , PDF , PDF

— 1/529 Tardigrade Arach. Hermaphrodite.

Henslows Botany 220 night-flowering flowers lurid.— mem. Cactus

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 Intercrossing Sterility

(X) Linnean Journal vol. IV Supplemental vol. p. 10 & 13 certain trees Legue sub-dioicous.

Gallesio 67 [Mowten] Lemon sterile S

Gallesio, Giorgio. 1811. Traité du citrus. Paris: Louis Fantin. [signed "C Darwin Feb 1842"] CUL-DAR.LIB.206 link PDF

✓ — 47 on cabbage crossing so largely when grown together

Aug. St. Hilaire 572 a multitude of flowers impregnated in bud — Gardenia

Moquin Tandon 189 Pelonic flowers generally sterile S

Moquin-Tandon, Alfred. 1841. Éléments de tératologie végétale. Paris: P. Loss. CUL-DAR.LIB.446 PDF

Loiseleur Deslongchamps 45 on wheat not crossing 80-81

Loiseleur-Deslongchamps, Jean Louis Auguste. 1842. Considérations sur les céréales, et principalement sur les froments. Paris: Bouchard-Huzard. CUL-DAR.LIB.372 PDF

— 200 Tesrica on no good for change of seed — practice common in France

Le Couteur 52 disbelieves necessity of change of seed

Le Couteur, John. 1836. On the varieties, properties, and classification of wheat. Jersey: n.p. [CUL-DAR240] PDF

Hort. Journal 11/83 C[illeg] cannot be fertilised after polling S

Metzger Getreidearten 63 advocates change of seed in Germany S

Metzger, Johann. 1841. Die Getreidearten und Wiesengräser. Heidelberg: C. F. Winter. CUL-DAR.LIB.428 PDF

Isid Geoffroy. S[illeg] animals not breeding 257 & 260 S

✓ Darwin Phytologia 116 curious case of Beans crossing (+)

Darwin, Erasmus. 1800. Phytologia; or the philosophy of agriculture and gardening. With the theory of draining morasses, and with an improved construction of the drill plough. London: J. Johnson. [signed by Robert Darwin and Charles Darwin] CUL-CCA.24.62. CUL-DAR.LIB.136 PDF

X Botanic Garden p. 16 On arrum preventing Flies escaping (+)

Darwin, Erasmus. 1789. The botanic garden. A poem in two parts. Part I. Containing the economy of vegetation. Part II. the Loves of the plants. With philosophical notes. part 1. Lichfield: J. Jackson. CUL-CCA.24.61A. PDF
Darwin, Erasmus. 1789. The botanic garden: a poem, in two parts ... with philosophical notes, part 2. Lichfield: J. Jackson. CUL-CCA.24.60A; CUL-CCA.24.60B. CUL-DAR.LIB.135

— — p 3 & 4 on Epilobium bending down pistils

X Spallanzani 2/273 case of flowers impregnated in bud; certain case

Spallanzani, Abbé. 1784. Dissertations relative to the natural history of animals and vegetables. Translated from the Italian...by Charles Bonnet. And...an appendix...Hunter...the experiments of Dr. Stevens on digestions...memoir of Mr. Demours, and Mr. Debraw's paper on the fecundation of bees. 2 vols. London: John Murray. [CUL-DAR240] vol. 1 PDF vol. 2 PDF

— Gardener's Mag 1/308 on advantages of crossing two grasses, 6/689 do good

✓ — 7/206 Sweet on anthers withered in Pelargoniums before stigman ready, in Veronica. A [illeg]. Delphinus & [illeg] (X)

X — 7/696 On hardiness of mongrel cabbbages (in the reunion?) 7/688 Hardiness of hybrids. Like Gaertners

X — 8/52 on greater productiveness & hardiness of very distinct crossed [illeg]. good.

— 10/178 Greenish & white flowers often smell by night

— 13/230 apple 1/2 sweet, 1.2 sour sterile S

X — 13/ 368 White flowers oftenest odourless by actual tables & calculated (+)

Gardeners Chronicle 1841. p. 291 Cherries not setting in Hot Houses S

— 485 Bean flowers purported sterile (+)

— 1843 877 On some picota stigma produces before flowers open.

881 The New Zealand Closa & all S (+)

— 1844 p. 215 Camellia seeding when fertilised artificially S

1845 p 46 good from change of seed in 1764

✓ 1846 p. 183 on potatoes receiving pollen of another flower S

601. on greater vigour of artificially crossed wheat

1847 268 excessive case to prevent carnations crossing with Pinks (X)

— 763 Gordon urges to avoid in & in on making hybrids (X)

1848 268 case of self-sown Alpine plant, exceedingly rare S

X 1850 p 702 good from change of seed (Perhaps first causes of flowers to seed)

1853 534 corolla guiding Beas to Calceolaria — on necessary care to exclude insects [insertion:] do not touch stigma

— 568 Nightingale breeding in cage S

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Intercrossing. Sterility

X Gardeners Chron. 1855 26 case of in & in breeding — 411. good

T. 1855. Cross-bred sheep. Gardeners' Chronicle (13 January): 26.

p. 730 in Rose & Turnip naturally crossing enormously 1856 p. 729

Anon. 1855. Turnips. Gardeners' Chronicle (3 November): 729-730. PDF

1856 476 number of seed in Carrot & Parsnip.

Hardy & Son. 1856. The Cow parsnip. Gardeners' Chronicle (12 July): 476.

1857 566 upper flowers of arachis always aborted because cannot react good

Berkeley, Miles Joseph. 1857. Vegetable pathology. No. CLXIX. Gardeners' Chronicle (8 August): 566.

✓ (X) — 725 my notice of kidney Beans with action of Bees. S

Darwin, C. R. 1857. Bees and the fertilisation of kidney beans. Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette no. 43 (24 October): 725. Text

1858 p. 247 on good for change of seed. Buckman good

359 On alpine seed S raised in garden at Zurich sold by [illeg]

722 Colunolla strongly recommends change of seed p 723 yet some wheat long grown on same soil.

✓ (X) 824 & 844 My paper on Bees & Kidney Beans p. 845

Darwin, C. R. 1858. On the agency of bees in the fertilisation of papilionaceous flowers, and on the crossing of kidney beans. Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette no. 46 (13 November): 828-9. Text

J. B. W. 1858. Accidental Fertilisation of Papilionaceous Plants. Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette (20 November): 845. Text

✓ (X) 1859 p. 98 The anemone certainly crosses itself & in Annals & Mag of Nat History

Memoire du Museum p. 5 Cases of parrots breeding in France S

Annale du Mus. [Phouris] p. 2 on making alpine plants seed S

— p. 3 Fr Cuvier & p. 6 good on animals breeding in confinement. S good

Mem. Savans Rollins p. 4 sheep not fecund in Hot valley

p. 5 Peacock

p. 6 fertility of geese

Phytologist p. 16 Bromeliad — Ivy not seeding in N. so with other plants

X — (X) p 17 on certain Campanula when early flower do not open yet produce plenty of seed

Zoologist p. 2. Bull-finch breeding in confinement S (gradation to cleistogene)

— p 6 Siskins breeding in confinement S

p. 6 Silene inflata very attractive to moths — so sweet william

✓ p. 8 Pansy special favourite of certain moths

p. 11. on numerous basica moths this year p. 12 do S

15 Gurney case of Strix Bubo breeding in confinement. S

16 Glyceria fliatanus attacking moths p. 24 do Hildebrand

— Kestrils breeding in aviary S

17 Passerine owls breeding in confinement S

20 anthers of Ophys seen sticking to moths heads

Flora p. 3. / 15 Zuccarini says cape Oxalis bean in seed in our gardens (+)

p. 9 The vars of Iris which differ most from parents are sterile S

18 Annal des Sc. p 18 on impregnation in bud

— 2d Ser. p. 11 on some animals breeding in Jardin S

2. S. p 11 Ostrich lays fewer eggs in France S

—2d Ser. Bot. p 15 on secretion of Honey in relation to pollen

3d S. Zoolog p 8 as many acacias Hermaphrodite

Zoolog p. 13 cases of Lichen which do not fructify in France S

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Intercrossing Sterility

23 Gallesio p 11. Monsters are generally sterile Sx p. 14 do & development of fruit causing sterility

X p 14 & p. 15 sterility of sugar-cane — Bananas, ananas S

24 Watson Cybele p. 1 Draba impetus seeds freely in his garden

Watson, Hewett Cottrell. 1847-1860. Cybele Britannica; or British plants, and their geographical relations. London: Longman & Co. 4 vols. and part 1 of supplement, III, 87. IV, 69. XI, 4. [inscribed in vol. 1 "from the author"] CUL-DAR.LIB.664 vol. 1 PDF vol. 2 PDF vol. 3 PDF vol. 4 PDF supplement PDF

Yarrell Birds p 1. Alande arrensis breeding excellently in aviaries S

Yarrell, William. 1839. A history of British birds. London: John Van Voorst. vol. 1. [inscribed "14 June 1839"] CUL-DAR.LIB.691 PDF

43 Audubon p. 12 varying sterility of Anser canedensis in confinement S

— p 22 case of a Fringilla which breeds perfectly in confinement S

do 1 egg only by the nigratosic & leucocephales at L. Desys S

Blyth refers to Chambers Journal before Oct 1855. about Red Deer [illeg] when few remain

In Tin Box copy of my Paper on Kidney Beans crossing (X)

X Gardeners Ch. 1860. p. 270 on much interbreeding in short-horns

X Azara Quadrupeds 3/364 good of crossing cattle in La Plata

Azara, Félix de. 1801. Essais sur l'histoire Naturelle des quadrupèdes de la province du Paraguay. Paris: Charles Pougens. 2 vols. CUL-DAR.LIB.17 vol. 1 PDF vol. 2 PDF

Isid. Geoff Hist. des Anomalies 2/223 on monsters being sterile. S

Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Isidore. 1832-1837. Histoire générale et particulière des anomalies de l'organisation chez l'homme et les animaux. 3 vols. and atlas. Paris: J. B. Baillière. CUL-DAR.LIB.214

Gardeners Ch 1860 p. 416 Strong case of no harm from breeding in & in —

Annals of Nat. Hist Ralf 18/196 on impregnation of violets

Godron sur l'espece 1/169 — fact showing how easily wheat & Ægilops naturally cross.

— 1/252 natural intercrossing of tulips & other flowers (X)

✓ — 2/50 Dehamed on radishes naturally crossing (X)

✓ — 2/58 Carrots naturally crossing (Beans & parsley & [illeg] (X)

2/106 cases of fruit tree sterile, but seeding in some places & wild plants sterile

E. Tennant lesson 1/124 curious contrivance to being bring Utricularia to surface for fertilisation.

1/264 pretty passage about Lepidoptera haunting flowers.

Journal of Linn. Soc. Vol. IV Supplment Bot. p. 10 on dioicous Papilionaceæ (+)

do do Vol 5 (no 19) Cobbold on union seen between two hermaphrodite flukes (Distoma) — there are forms with separate sexes

N. Hist. R. no. 2 p. 147 Bentham on vast number of stamens in some acacias & few seeds rot

X Bull. d'Acclimatation no. 10 p. 477. Sheep of Haz; flocke interbred for 60 years.

do. n 12. p. 600 six generations of Caperceilyie in confinement in Russia S

X Spooner on cross-breeding (pamph. 208) on long interbreeding in same strains X

Spooner, William Charles. 1859. On cross breeding. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England 20: 294-313. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 208] PDF

p. 19 on advantages in [illeg] of crosses

Jeffreys (pamph. 217) on crossing of Teredines (not very important)

Jeffreys, John Gwyn. 1860. [On the British Teredines, or ship-worms.] Abstract of a communication to the British Association at Oxford. London: Taylor & Francis. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 217] PDF

Schaffhausen (Pamph 218) p. 423 alludes to intercrossing keeping forms constant

Schaaffhausen, Hermann. 1853. Ueber Beständigkeit und Umwandlung der Arten. Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereines der preussischen Rheinlande und Westphalens 10: 420-451. (bound with manuscript translation of the section discussing the development of organic life) [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 218] PDF

X Nathusius (pamph. 227) p. 63 to end. Best discussion ever written on ill-effects of interbreeding, & exceptions to rule.—

[Nathusius, Hermann von. 1857. Ueber Shorthorn-Rindvieh mit einer Anhang über Inzucht. Berlin: Gustav Bosselmann. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 227] PDF]

X Gardeners Ch. 1860 p. 26 Westwood on Hive-Bees not crossing

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(Dichogamy) Intercrossing  Sterility

Moubray Poultry p. 133 Hen Pheasant laying less — Roulin on Poultry in S. America

Moubray, Bonington. 1834. A practical treatise on breeding, rearing and fattening of all kinds of domestic poultry, pheasants, pigeons, and rabbits also the management of swine, milch cows, and bees; with instructions for the private brewery, on cider, perry, and British wine making. 7th ed. London: Sherwood, Gilbert, and Piper. CUL-DAR.LIB.450 PDF Darwin spelled as Mowbray throughought Variation.

Roulin, F. 1835. Recherches sur quelques changements observés dans les animaux domestiques transportés de l'ancien dans le nouveau continent. Mémoires présentés par divers savans à l'Academie Royale des Sciences 6: 319-352. PDF

18 Annal des Sc. 3d Ser. Bot. p 4 on number of pollen-grains received to fertilise flowers

'Annal. des Sc. Nat.,' 3rd series, Bot.,

— p. 10 on nature of Tu [2 words illeg] in Gardenia

— p. 13 on number of grapes keeping true in Bot Garden

X — p 16 on extreme ignorance of [Sagaret] hybrids

X 19 Hort. Transact. p. 2. Knight on vigour of mongrel fruit-trees. do p. 5.

X — p. 6 Strelitzia dichogamus in fact (+)

— 17c great Heat caused Guernsey fig not to shed pollen.

— 18 Herbert on natural crossing of Strawberries. (X)

— 21 do on pure-bred azalea from America not producing pollen

— African Heather requires agency of insects — case under Hybrids without [illeg]

29 on sterile male Peach & Almond — very ultimately crossed by near Nectarine

45 Knight on injury from preventing access of Bees to Wall-fruit

46 on training branches of vines together to favour fertilisation

21. Silliman Journal 2d S. p. 5. impregnation of Campanula

22 Hort. Journal. p. 2 Crocus sterile on very poor soil in own country Herbert S

— p. 1 bis Crocus when potted never seed if not already impregnated S

X p. 2 do sterility from long cultivation by [illeg]

X 23 Journal Agricult Soc. p 4. strong facts on its effects of inter breeding in cocks do in Pigs very good.

25 Boston Journal p. 13 Tetra uprido readily breeds in confinement S

26 Linn. Tran. Brown on Orchid & [illeg] insect - agency

X 28 Madras Journal Wight on plants long propogated by cuttings becoming sterile, [illeg] seed,

29 Agricult & Hort Soc of India. on mutilation of Europe plants in India to take [illeg]

Ingledew, W. 1838. On rearing plants to seed. Transactions of the Agricultural and Horticultural Society of India 2: 12. See Variation 2: 169.

1 Temminck p. 1 p. 10 p. 11 on Hocco &c breeding under confinement S

Temminck, Coenraad Jacob. 1813-1815. Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés. 3 vols. Amsterdam and Paris. Some of the numbers in the margin of this page, such as '1' here, correspond to Darwin's 'Catalogue of Books (not Journals)'. CUL-DAR71.1-5.

— 47. on Peacock laying more eggs in India. Yet not variable; so sterility from unfavorable condition does not cause variation.

p. 12 sterilty of Partridges p. 13. S

16 Linnaeus p. 2 case of several plants ascending to heights where they are sterile. S

Linnaeus, Carolus (Carl von Linné). 1811. Lachesis Lapponica; or, a tour in Lapland, now first published from the original manuscript journal of the celebrated Linnaus; by J. E. Smith. 2 vols. London.

X 17 Scrope on extinction of dogs from close interbreeding

Scrope, William. 1838. The art of deer-stalking, illustrated by a narrative of a few days' sport in the forest of Atholl. London. [London Library]

19 Godron in S. of France change of seed generally believed in

Godron, Dominique Alexandre. 1853. Florula juvenalis. Montpellier.

X 21 V. Harcourt Canary bird hard to rear. cross with domestic birds makes ones larger & stronger

Harcourt, Edward Vernon. 1851. A sketch of Madeira; containing information for the traveller, or invalid visitor. London.

23. Gallesio p. 1. attributes much check to amelioration to crossing X p. 5, p. 6 much natural crossing in oranges & lemons &c

Gallesio, Giorgio. 1816. Teoria della riproduzione vegetale. Pisa.

X p 7 on crossing favoring doubleness of flowers

p 8 good effect of crossing auricula in produce of seed

p 9 Male organ 1st affected in dulling seen in dioicous plants

p. 11. Ligurian surround Berceli acts [illeg] to prevent their "falling together" with other birds

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(Dichogamy)   Intercrossing,  Sterility.

(The other sheets in Dichogamy Portfolio)

X Gardeners Chron 1862. p. 939. Even Bates crossed his Short-Horns.

Crocker (4to Pamph. 68) On sterility of Ficaria 1863 I see they seed three years.

Crocker, Charles William. 1862. The lesser celandine, Ranunculus ficaria. Gardener's Weekly Magazine, and Floricultural Cabinet 4(9) (3 March): 68-70. (whole issue) [Darwin Pamphlet Collection Quarto 68].

Claperede (4to Pamph. 71) p. 22 Hermaphrodite Fish.

Claparède, Édouard. 1862. Recherches anatomiques sur les oligochètes. Geneva: Georg. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection Quarto 71] PDF

Bulletin Acclimat. (30 by number) p. 380 p. 384 on Fowls shut up laying fewer eggs. good. S

Transact. Entomolog. Soc. vol V. Part. 8. p. 120 Pen. on sterilty of Sphinxes S

✓ — p 126 on strange Drone bees being allowed to enter hives

Nat. Hist. R. Part VIII p. 443 Cyneseæ requires insect aid & are irritable case like Berberies

X Devay. p. 141 Ohio canaries are stopped marrying :

Devay, 'Du Danger des Mariages,' &c., 1862

Isid Geoff 3/476 Buffon has remarked on greater fertility of domestic animals in several ways.

4to Pamph. (80) Bot. Z. Treviranus (X) dichogamy of Papilionaceous p. 6 other plants p. 10 Nectar (X)
✓✓✓

Treviranus, Ludolph Christian. 1863. Ueber Dichogamie nach C. C. Sprengel und Ch. Darwin. Botanische Zeitung 2 (January): 1-7, 9 (January): 9-16. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection Quarto 80, 254] PDF

8vo Pamph (289) Cohn on contractile stamen bears on intercrossing of certain Compositæ.

Cohn, Ferdinand Julius. 1861. Contractile Gewebe im Pflanzenreich. Breslau. (from: Abhandlungen der Schlesischen Gesellschaft für vaterländische Cultur. Abtheilung für Naturwissenschaften und Medicin 1 (1861): 1-48.) (whole issue) [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 289] PDF

✓ Gard Chronicle 1864 p. 987 (X) intercrossing in monoicous plants

Daubeny, Charles. 1864. Dr. Daubeny on the decay of species, and on the natural provisions for extending their duration. Gardeners' Chronicle (15 October): 987-988.

Linn. Journal VIII B. p. 256 Moggridge important on Ophrys.

Moggridge, John Traherne. 1865. Observations on some orchids of the south of France. [Read 3 November 1864.] Journal of the Linnean Society (Botany) 8: 256-258, pl. XVI. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection] PDF

Nat. Hist. R. XVII 1865 p. 74 Sexuality of Cryptogams

Nat. Hist R XIX 1865 p. 365 on question whether certain Zorantheria always are self-fertilised.

See references at end of Lecoq de la Fecondation 8vo larger & search book (X) & his great work & Vancher- (X)

Lecoq, Henri. 1845. De la fécondation Naturelle et artificielle des végétaux et de l'hybridation. Paris: Audot. CUL-DAR.LIB.360 PDF

See many references Verlot des Varieties (X)

Verlot, Jean-Baptiste. 1865. Sur la production et la fixation des variétés dans les plantes d'ornement. Paris: J. B. Baillière. [inscribed] [Francis Darwin] CUL-DAR.LIB.640 PDF

Transact. Ent. Soc. Vol. 2 (3d series) Part 6 p. 124 Poor on flowers of Physiathus catching many Lepidoptera (+)

✓ 4to Pamphlet (102) Fritz Müller on Martha most curious case of expression (X)

Müller, Fritz. 1866. Über die Befruchtung der Martha (Posoqueria?) fragrans. Botanische Zeitung 24: 129-133. (whole issue) [Darwin Pamphlet Collection Quarto 102]

✓ 8vo — (371) Hildebrand on Salvia excellent (X)

Hildebrand, Friedrich Hermann Gustav. 1866. Ueber die Befruchtung der Salviaarten mit Hülfe von Insekten. Jahrbücher für wissenschaftliche Botanik 4: 451-478, pl. XXXIII. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 371] PDF / PDF

✓ do. (388) Caspary good difficulties. water-lilies (X) on self-sterility

Caspary, Robert. 1865. Botanische Untersuchungen, welche in Bezug auf Darwin's Hypothese, dass kein Hermaphrodit sich durch eine Ewigkeit von Generationen befrüchten könne, gemacht sind. Schriften der Physikalisch-ökonomischen Gesellschaft zu Königsberg 6: 11-12. (whole issue) [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 388] PDF

✓ do (393) Nägeli Entstehung — Separation of sexes in lower plants

Nägeli, Carl von. 1865. Entstehung und Begriff der naturhistorischen Art . 2d ed. München: Koeniglichen Akademie. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 66] PDF

p. 46 artificial & scented flowers — use of colour of corolla (+)

do (399) Hildebrand on dichogamy in Ped[5 words illeg] Schizanthus (X)

Hildebrand, Friedrich Hermann Gustav. 1866. Ueber die Vorrichtungen an einigen Blüthen zur Befruchtung durch Insektenhülfe. Botanische Zeitung 24: 73-78. (whole issue) [Darwin Pamphlet Collection 399] PDF

Annal & Mag of Nat. Hist vol. XV 1865 p. 453 on polygamy in arrangement of sexes in Alcyon Alcyonaria

✓ do do V. xvi. 1865. p. 14. on phyllodium never flowers in Acacia (X)
Magnifica secreting [illeg] like (X) the order of plants sent by Crüger

do. do Vol XVIII. p. 57. on an infusorian with all gradations on same species of Hermaphrodite from passing into unisexual status