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A811.02
Beagle Library:
Molina, Juan Ignacio. 1795. Compendio de la historia civil de Reyno de Chile. Parte segundo; Traducida al Espanol y aumentada con varias notas por Don Nicolas de la Cruz y Bahamonde. 2 vols. Madrid: Antonio de Sancha. Volume 2.
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declararon pertenecientes este de la Cordillera, los Huilliches de Changolo, los de Goyoltue y Rucachoroy h cia el Austro, los Puelches y indios Pampas que caen el Septentrion, desde Malalgue y fronteras de Mendoza, hasta el Mamilmapu, en las Pampas de Buenos Ayres, formando todos un cuerpo con los Puelches y Pehuenches de Maule, Chillan, y Antuco. De manera, que al presente, en caso de infraccion de los Tratados, se puede saber facilmente el Butalmapu que debe dar la satisfaccion. [page] 6
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Lava in Cordillera on Eastern plains [insertion:] by Antuco Athenaeum April 1836 p. 302 Coleccion de Obras 2 vol. fol: Buenos Ayres 1836: W. Parish?? S Pedro de Angelis. + This work is reviewed in print Edinburgh March 1835 Sir W. Parish says that beds of shells are found on whole coast from P. Indio to Quimes at least seven miles inland. [see CUL-DAR43.1.56a-57] [143v
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A794.03
Beagle Library:
Kotzebue, Otto von. 1821. A voyage of discovery, into the South Sea and Beering's Straits, for the purpose of exploring a north-east passage, undertaken in the years 1815-1818, at the expense of his highness the chancellor of the empire, Count Romanzoff, in the ship Rurick, under the command of the lieutenant in the Russian imperial navy. Translated by H. E. Lloyd. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 3.
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the second table are situated in the Lower Alps of the Cordilleras de los Andes, where, from the source of the river Nuble, to the Archipelago of Chiloe, are the following volcanoes: Chillan, Antuco, Callagui, Chandel, Villa-rica, Huanchue, Copi, Llanguihue, and Purarauco. It is to be observed, that at the foot of each of D 2 [page] 3
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A794.03
Beagle Library:
Kotzebue, Otto von. 1821. A voyage of discovery, into the South Sea and Beering's Straits, for the purpose of exploring a north-east passage, undertaken in the years 1815-1818, at the expense of his highness the chancellor of the empire, Count Romanzoff, in the ship Rurick, under the command of the lieutenant in the Russian imperial navy. Translated by H. E. Lloyd. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 3.
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these volcanoes there is a large lake, and that the principal rivers of this extensive country rise from these lakes. Thus from Chilian, or out of its lake, flows the river Nuble; from Antuco, the Laxa; from Callagiu, the Biobio; from Chandel, the Imperial; from Villa-rica, the Tolten; from Huanchue, the river of Valdivia; from Copi, the Rio bueno; from Llanguihue, the Pilmayguen; and from Purarauco, the river Rauhue, which waters the territory of Osorno, and, half way to Chiloe, forms a
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A559.1
Beagle Library:
Miers, John. 1826. Travels in Chile and La Plata, including accounts respecting the geography, geology, statistics, government, finances, agriculture, manners and customs, and the mining operations in Chile. Collected during a residence of several years in these countries. 2 vols. London: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy. vol. 1.
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passing the second ridge, the road leads to the valley De los Ciegos, in the Pehuenches territory, and thence by the fort of San Carlos to Mendoza. The Cordillera, by the pass of the Planchon is described as being much lower than that about the Cumbre of Las Cuevas, and is said to be more gentle in its ascents and descents. 5. The pass of Antuco affords yet more facilities for commercial intercourse than any of the before-mentioned passes. Many Chilenos have attempted to persuade me that the
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A559.1
Beagle Library:
Miers, John. 1826. Travels in Chile and La Plata, including accounts respecting the geography, geology, statistics, government, finances, agriculture, manners and customs, and the mining operations in Chile. Collected during a residence of several years in these countries. 2 vols. London: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy. vol. 1.
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animals. The Antuco road commences at the junction of the La Laxa with the Biobio river, pursues the summit of a cordon, crosses the main chain without meeting with steep declivities, and descends the opposite side by the same kind of ridge: so gentle is the ascent said to be, that carts may be made to pass without difficulty; the road, moreover, is said not to be stony; but little rock is seen, the mountains, presenting rounded surfaces, are covered with a fine black earth. Along the whole of
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A559.1
Beagle Library:
Miers, John. 1826. Travels in Chile and La Plata, including accounts respecting the geography, geology, statistics, government, finances, agriculture, manners and customs, and the mining operations in Chile. Collected during a residence of several years in these countries. 2 vols. London: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy. vol. 1.
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Pass of Dehues. Of has Patos. Of the Portillo. Of Planchon. Of Antuco. Winter Travelling 313 CHAPTER VIII. SANTIAGO TO VALPARAISO. Road from Santiago to Valparaiso by Casa Blanca. Post-house of Podaguel. Cuesta and Post-house of Prado. Gold Mines of Curicabi. Cuesta of Zapita. Case. Blanca. Las Tablas. View of Valparaiso. Road from Santiago to Valparaiso by the Dormida. Polpayoo Lime Works. Tiltil. Cuesta Dormida. Limache. Concon. Valparaiso. Table of Distances between Santiago and Valparaiso
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A559.1
Beagle Library:
Miers, John. 1826. Travels in Chile and La Plata, including accounts respecting the geography, geology, statistics, government, finances, agriculture, manners and customs, and the mining operations in Chile. Collected during a residence of several years in these countries. 2 vols. London: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy. vol. 1.
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Portillo Of Planchon. Of Antuco. Winter Travelling. NOT far from the Inca's bridge are stone pens, similar to those at the Tambillitos and heights of the Punta de las Vacas. Half a mile onwards we pass the Rio de los Horcones, which, like the river of Las Vacas, constitutes, in the summer season, a powerful auxiliary branch of the Mendozino stream: it rises from an opening in the mountain chain on the northern side of the valley, and takes its name from its being forked near its exit by the union
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1835 [Small sketch of earthquake in margin, with this text:] Vibrations Direction of walls of houses. — I see Antuco is in same Lat: the case is not so clear. — March 5th direction certainly have stood better than those at right angles to them; If, as would seem probable Antuco may be considered as the centre it lying rather to the Northward of Concepcion, the concentric lines of undulation would not be far from coincident with NW by N SE by S walls: this being the case the whole line would be
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1834 March 10th Arrived in the middle of the day at Berkeley Sound, having made a short passage by scudding before a gale of wind. — Mr Smith, who is acting as Governor, came on board, has related such complicated scenes of cold-blooded murder, robbery, plunder, suffering, such infamous conduct in almost every person who has breathed this atmosphere, as would take two or three sheets to describe. — With poor Brisbane, four others were butchered; the principal murderer, Antuco, has given
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less than 400 miles. Mr Rous thinks the vibration came from the East, this would appear probable from the greater number and longest cracks having a N S direction, which line would correspond to the tops of the undulations. — The Volcano of Antuco, which is a little to the North of Concepcion is said to be in great activity. The people in Talcuana say that the Earthquake is owing to some old Indian Woman two years ago being offended, that they by witchcraft stopped the Volcano, now comes the
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1835 March 5th With my idea of a vibration having come from Antuco, the Northward of E, I cannot understand the wave travelling from the South. The cause however of an earthquake causing one, two, or three great waves does not to me appear very clear. — The effect of so violent a shock on the springs was of course considerable; some poured out much more water than usual, some were closed: in one place black hot water flowed from a crack it is said bubbles of gas discoloured water were seen
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Volcan. Copiapo V Coquimbo V Limari Pates ? V. Aconcagua * Tupungata V. Maypo * The Santiago notebook V. Curico (same with Peteroa ?) V El Descabezado V. Chillan V. Tucapel o. Antuco V. Callaqui V. Chinal V. Villarica V Hotucoto. (to the E). V. Chigual * V. Rauco V. Guanahaca o. Rananahuca [page 76
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Chili 60 mentioned by M. Gay.1 The Descaborado, a little further to the South is an enormous flat-topped mountain certainly volcanic: Molina gives an account of emption of Peterra of 12 active volcanoes in Chili. V. his work. (a) Antuco is known to be an active volcano in front of Concepcion: To the North of Valdivia there is the beautiful cone of Villa Rica. Again on terra firma to the the North of Chiloe is a similarly active volcano of Osorno c. These three in this district are the
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CUL-DAR36.445-446
Note:
[1835.02.00--1835.06.00]
Geological diary: Douglass states that the Cordilleras about the Estero de Reloncavi.
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S. of Mellamoy other great snow cone is described. Earthquake felt S. of C. Tres Montes by Bulkeley Cummins Valdivia. The Cordielleras here, by Capt FR.1 enquiries appear very inconsiderable size, one days ride being sufficient to cross them: ( other side large salinas. Mem: R. Negro format). They are shredded by numerous high regular cones of volcanoes: the three regular active ones are Antuco, Villarica Osorno. A Capitan del Amigo thinks has here seen as many as 8. Major Wr[obscured by tape
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) Valdivia gneiss auriferous Few Less earthquakes. Cudico Padre.1 at least 8. volcanoes. (3. Principal one. Antuco, Villaried Osorno ) Variation 18 1 Darwin wrote in the Beagle diary for 12 February 1835: On account of the tired horse I determined to stop close by at the Mission of Cudico; to the Friar of which I had a letter of introduction. — Cudico is an intermediate district between the forest the Llanos
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The tilted alluvium in Uspallata plain proof that entire chain elevated before flank one. also Uspallata beds posterior to the elevation of first range containing great gypseous division. Mr Bynoe on currents in breaks. RN p 1411 Lava in Cordilleras on Eastern plains by Antuco Athenaeum April 1836, p. 3022 Excellent view of mica slate on Portillo range R N p 150 151 (on valley ↔ 155 Except from trees not trace of subsidence in Uspallata Arrowsmith account of Himalaya penetrated by rivers3 See
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A152
Periodical contribution:
Hooker, W. J. & Arnott, G. A. W. 1836. Contributions towards a Flora of South America and the islands of the Pacific. Companion to the Botanical Magazine 2: 41-52.
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, S. Patagonia, Dr. Eights; Antuco, in S. Chili, Mr. Reynolds. (n.. 105. 38.) Upon a close comparison of this plant with M. spinosa, we are inclined to consider it distinct from that species. It has a more southern locality; its leaves are thinner, less toothed, they turn black in drying, and the peduncle is longer. Our South Patagonia and Maule stations of M. spinosa, must now be referred to this plant. 833. (6). Mutisia subspinosa, Cav. Add, Araucania? Mr. Reynolds (n. 15.) Our specimens of
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A152
Periodical contribution:
Hooker, W. J. & Arnott, G. A. W. 1836. Contributions towards a Flora of South America and the islands of the Pacific. Companion to the Botanical Magazine 2: 41-52.
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hirsute, while in our , the peduncle is glabrous as in ; this variety being thus intermediate between the two South American species. 1032. (1.) Madia viscosa, Cav. M. mellosa, Mol. Province of San Luis, Dr. Gillies; Valparaiso; Dr. Gillies, Cuming, (n. 409, 410.) Bridges; Conception, Mr. Caldcleugh; Antuco, Mr. Reynolds. M. stellata, Fisch. and Mey. Ind. Sem. Petrop. p. 32, appears to be the same species. If M. sativa, Mol., of which Cassini has constituted his genus Biatia, be distinct, we are
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A152
Periodical contribution:
Hooker, W. J. & Arnott, G. A. W. 1836. Contributions towards a Flora of South America and the islands of the Pacific. Companion to the Botanical Magazine 2: 41-52.
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natis eglandulosis, ligula oblonga. Volcano of Antuco, S. Chili, at an elevation of six thousand feet above the level of the sea, Mr. Reynolds. (n. 103.) Allied in general habit to L. Gilliesii, but the leaves are different, and it altogether wants the glandular hairs of that species. 776.** (8.*) Add, Leuch ria (Cassiopea) achill ifolia (Hook. et Arn.); caule gracili dichotome ramoso puberulo, foliis remotis bipinnatifidis segmentis parvis ovatis obtusis, axillis rachibusque pr cipue dense
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F1583e
Periodical contribution:
Herbert, S. ed. 1980. The red notebook of Charles Darwin. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Historical Series 7 (24 April): 1-164.
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Mr Murchison insisted strongly. that taking up a piece of Falkland Sandstone. he could not distinguish from stone Caradoc from lower of third Silurian division Together with same general character of fossils deception complete. 172 Silliman Journal. year 1835 excellent account of N. American geology. Conybeare173 143e Lava in Cordillera on Eastern plains [by Antuco]. Athen um April 1836 (p 302)174 Coleccion de obras. 2 Vols fol: Buenos Ayres 1836:175 W. Parish?? [by Pedro de Angelis.]176 This
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F1583e
Periodical contribution:
Herbert, S. ed. 1980. The red notebook of Charles Darwin. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Historical Series 7 (24 April): 1-164.
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: bubbles in, 159; in Cordillera and on Eastern plains by Antuco, 143e; flowing up hill, 159; freshness of at Ascension, 17; in Iceland, 90 Life at 1,000 fathoms below freezing point, 114e Limestone(s): formed in shallow water, 19e; origin of in N. Wales, 93e Llama, cause of extinction of one form of, 129 Loss of species, causes of in South America, 85 Mastodon inhabiting plains of Patagonia as Rhinoceros inhabits S. Africa, 85-86 Mauritius: main skeleton of mountains of, 118-120; volcanic cone
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F1583e
Periodical contribution:
Herbert, S. ed. 1980. The red notebook of Charles Darwin. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Historical Series 7 (24 April): 1-164.
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Geographical index to the Red Notebook Page references are to the original notebook Abrolhos shoals, 10, 16e Acapulco, 163e, 177e Africa, 64 65e, 91, 97e Aleutian Archipelago, 38e Alps, 100e Amazon River, 56e, 100e, 170e America, 18, 97e, 105e, 169e America, northwest coastline of, 15e, 45e, 97e Andes mountains, 7e, 11, 44e, 52, 64, 69, 125, 136e. See also Cordillera Anglesea (Anglesey), 5e 7e Antarctic (Antarctica), 125 Antuco, 143e Araucaria (Araucania), 178 Arequipa, 116 Ascension Island
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F1583e
Periodical contribution:
Herbert, S. ed. 1980. The red notebook of Charles Darwin. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Historical Series 7 (24 April): 1-164.
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[Luis de la Cruz] volunteered to conduct the expedition [for the purpose of surveying a carriage road between Concepci n and Buenos Aires] at his own expense, and being accompanied by some Chilian traders, well acquainted with the Pampas, and also by some caciques of the Pehuenche Indians, he started from the fort of Ballenar, near the volcano of Antuco, in the Andes, in the beginning of April the autumn of that climate The length of the road which he surveyed, and actually measured with the
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F10.3
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Journal and remarks. 1832-1836. London: Henry Colburn.
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noticed, that as the ship dragged her cable over the bottom, its course was marked by a line of bubbles. The lower orders in Talcuhano thought that the earthquake was caused by some old Indian women, who two years ago having been offended, stopped the volcano of Antuco. This silly belief is curious, because it shows that experience has taught them to observe the constant relation between the suppressed activity of volcanoes, and the trembling of the ground. It was necessary to apply the
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F10.2
Book:
FitzRoy, R. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the second expedition, 1831-36, under the command of Captain Robert Fitz-Roy, R.N. London: Henry Colburn.
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from Valdivia that directly after the earthquake all the volcanoes from Antuco to Osorno, inclusive, were in full activity. * The highest summit of Juan Fernandes was found to be burned, full of fissures and hot, in 1743. Ulloa saw a small flame there. Voyage of Juan and Ulloa; translated by Adams. Of another earthquake the Araucano, of Dec. 8, 1837, states as follows: Talcahuano, Nov. 7, 1837. Fu bastante recio y dur como cuatro o cinco minutos, con la particularidad notable de haberse advertido
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A146
Periodical contribution:
Hooker, W. J. & Arnott, G. A. W. 1841. Contributions towards a Flora of South America and the islands of the Pacific. Journal of Botany, London, 3: 310-348.
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allied, though totally distinct species. 2037. (31.) S. otites, Kunze in Poepp, Coll. Pl. chil. iii. p. 190. DC. Prodr. vi. p. 416. S. hast folius, H. . A, mst. Andes of Antuco; Poeppig. Banks of the river, and in the woods of Valdivia; Bridges, (595). Chiloe; Cuming, (n. 59.) Araucania; Capt. Reynolds, (n. 37.) Six to eight feet high, according to Mr Bridges. The leaves vary mach in breadth; from one to four inches in some specimens. 2038. (32.) S. Tweediei, (H. A.); elatus glaberrimus, caule
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F14
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.
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offended stopped the volcano of Antuco. This silly belief is curious, because it shows that experience has taught them to observe, that there exists a relation between the suppressed action of the volcanos, and the trembling of the ground. It was necessary to apply the witchcraft to the point where their perception of cause and effect failed; and this was the closing of the volcanic vent. This belief is the more singular in this particular instance, because, according to Captain Fitz Roy
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F14
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.
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a long time in eruption, and ten months afterwards were again influenced by an earthquake at Concepcion. Some men, cutting wood near the base of one of these volcanos, did not perceive the shock of the 20th, although the whole surrounding Province was then trembling; here we have an eruption relieving and taking the place of an earthquake, as would have happened at Concepcion, according to the belief of the lower orders, if the volcano of Antuco had not been closed by witchcraft. Two years and
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F20
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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offended stopped the volcano of Antuco. This silly belief is curious, because it shows that experience has taught them to observe, that there exists a relation between the suppressed action of the volcanos, and the trembling of the ground. It was necessary to apply the witchcraft to the point where their perception of cause and effect failed; and this was the closing of the volcanic vent. This belief is the more singular in this particular instance, because, according to Captain Fitz Roy
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F20
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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a long time in eruption, and ten months afterwards were again influenced by an earthquake at Concepcion. Some men, cutting wood near the base of one of these volcanos, did not perceive the shock of the 20th, although the whole surrounding Province was then trembling; here we have an eruption relieving and taking the place of an earthquake, as would have happened at Concepcion, according to the belief of the lower orders, if the volcano of Antuco had not been closed by witchcraft. Two years and
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F211
Book:
Darwin, C. R. [1872]. Viaggio di un naturalista intorno al mondo. Prima traduzione italiana col consenso dell'autore, del Professore Michele Lessona. Turin: Unione Tipografico-Editrice.
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268 LINEE DI VIBRAZIONE offesa chiuse il vulcano di Antuco. Questa sciocca credenza è curiosa, perchè dimostra che l'esperienza ha insegnato loro ad osservare, che esiste un rapporto fra l'azione soppressa dei vulcani ed il vacillare del terreno. Era necessario applicare la magìa al punto in cui mancava loro la cognizione della causa e dell'effetto; e questo fu la chiusura dello spiraglio del vulcano. Questa credenza è tanto più singolare in questo caso particolare, perchè, secondo il capitano
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F211
Book:
Darwin, C. R. [1872]. Viaggio di un naturalista intorno al mondo. Prima traduzione italiana col consenso dell'autore, del Professore Michele Lessona. Turin: Unione Tipografico-Editrice.
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sentirono la scossa del 20, quantunque tutta la provincia circostante oscillasse; in questo caso vediamo una eruzione scemare, e prendere il posto del terremoto, come sarebbe accaduto a Concezione, secondo la credenza della bassa gente, se il vulcano di Antuco non fosse stalo chiuso per magìa. Due anni e nove mesi dopo, Valdivia e Chiloe furono nuovamente scosse, più violentemente che non il 20, ed una isola nell'arcipelago Chonos si alzò permanentemente più di due metri e quaranta centimetri. Per
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F181
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1875. Voyage d'un naturaliste autour du monde fait a bord du navire le Beagle de 1831 a 1836. Translated by E. Barbier. Paris: C. Reinwald.
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Talcahuano, étaient persuadées que le tremblement de terre provenait de ce que des vieilles femmes indiennes, qui avaient subi quelque outrage deux ans auparavant, avaient fermé le volcan de Antuco. Cette explication, toute ridicule qu'elle puisse être, n'en est pas moins curieuse ; elle prouve, en effet, que l'expérience a enseigné à ces ignorants qu'il existe un rapport entre la cessation des phénomènes volcaniques et le tremblement du sol. Au point où cesse leur perception de la cause et de
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F174
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1876. Rejse om Jorden. Populære Skildringer. Translated by Emil Chr. Hansen and Alfred Jørgensen. Copenhagen: Salmonsen.
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organiske Stoffer. I Bugten ved Callao bem rkede jeg paa en rolig Dag, at da Skibet sl bte sit Kabeltov hen over Bunden, var Retningen betegnet ved en R kke Bobler. De lavere Klasser af Indbyggerne i Talcahuano troede, at Jordskj lvet hidr rte fra, at nogle gamle indianske Kvinder, som for et Par Aar siden vare blevne forn rmede, havde tilstoppet Vulkanen Antuco. Denne enfoldige Tro er ganske m rkelig, fordi den viser, at Erfaringen har l rt dem at se, at der en Aarsags-forbindelse mellem
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F174
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1876. Rejse om Jorden. Populære Skildringer. Translated by Emil Chr. Hansen and Alfred Jørgensen. Copenhagen: Salmonsen.
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Virkning svigtede dem. Denne Overtro er saa meget m rkeligere i dette bestemte Tilf lde, fordi der i F lge Kapt. Fitz Koy ikke er nogen Grund til at antage, at Antuco blev ber rt af hele denne Bev gelse. Byen Concepcion er bygget i den s dvanlige spanske Maner, m ed alle Gaderne st dende op til hverandre under rette Vinkler; det ene Parti gik i Retningen mod SV. til V. og clet andet mod NV. til N. Murene i den f rste Afdeling stode bevislig bedre end de sidste; den st rste Masse af Murv rk
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F59
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1890. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the various countries visited by H.M.S. Beagle etc. London: John Murray. First Murray illustrated edition.
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, ETC. . . . . . 290 OLD CHURCH, CASTRO, CHILOE . . . . . 291 INSIDE CHONOS ARCHIPELAGO . . . . . 300 GUNNERA SCABRA, CHILOE . . . . . 310 ANTUCO VOLCANO, NEAR TALCAHUANO . . . . 311 PANORAMIC VIEW OF COAST, CHILOE . . . . 312 INSIDE ISLAND OF CHILOE. SAN CARLOS . . . 313 HIDE BRIDGE, SANTIAGO DE CHILE . . . . 334 CHILENOS . . . . . . . . 337 SOUTH AMERICAN BIT . . . . . . 338 BRIDGE OF THE INCAS, USPALLATA PASS . . . 357 LIMA AND SAN LORENZO . . . . . 360 COQUIMBO, CHILE . . . . . . 366 HUACAS
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F59
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1890. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the various countries visited by H.M.S. Beagle etc. London: John Murray. First Murray illustrated edition.
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ANTUCO VOLCANO, NEAR TALCAHUANO. CHAPTER XIV San Carlos, Chiloe Osorno in eruption contemporaneously with Aconcagua and Coseguina Ride to Cucao Impenetrable forests Valdivia Indians Earthquake Concepcion Great earthquake Rocks fissured Appearance of the former towns The sea black and boiling Direction of the vibrations Stones twisted round Great wave Permanent elevation of the land Area of volcanic phenomena The connection between the elevatory and eruptive forces Cause of earthquakes Slow
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F59
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1890. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the various countries visited by H.M.S. Beagle etc. London: John Murray. First Murray illustrated edition.
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cable over the bottom, its course was marked by a line of bubbles. The lower orders in Talcahuano thought that the earthquake was caused by some old Indian women, who two years ago being offended stopped the volcano of Antuco. This silly belief is curious, because it shows that experience has taught them to observe that there exists a relation between the suppressed action of the volcanoes and the trembling of the ground. It was necessary to apply the witchcraft to the point where their
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F59
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1890. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the various countries visited by H.M.S. Beagle etc. London: John Murray. First Murray illustrated edition.
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Amblyrhynchus, 401, 411 Anas, species of, 210 Animalcul . See Infusoria Antarctic islands, 263 Antipodes, 444 Ants at Keeling Island, 485 in Brazil, 36 Antuco volcano, 311 Apires, or miners, 364 Aplysia, 6, 493 Apple-trees, 318 Aptenodytes demersa, 209 Araucanian Indians, 66 Areas of alternate movements in the Pacific and Indian oceans, 480 Armadilloes, habits of, 100 fossil animals allied to, 137, 164 Arqueros mines, 369 Arrow-heads, ancient, 109, 381 Ascension, 522, 538 Aspalax, blindness of, 53
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F59
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1890. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the various countries visited by H.M.S. Beagle etc. London: John Murray. First Murray illustrated edition.
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have an eruption relieving and taking the place of an earthquake, as would have happened at Concepcion, according to the belief of the lower orders, if the volcano of Antuco had not been closed by witchcraft. Two years and three-quarters afterwards Valdivia and Chiloe were again shaken more violently than on the 20th, and an island in the Chonos Archipelago was permanently elevated more than eight feet. It will give a better idea of the scale of these phenomena, if (as in the case of the glaciers
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A268
Book:
Holder, Charles Frederick. 1892. Charles Darwin: his life and work. New York: G. P. Putnam's sons.
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INDEX. A Abinger Hall, 242 Berkeley Round, 73 Aconcagua, 89 Bibliography, 259 Adventure Island, 263 Biological Society, 195 Agassiz, Louis, 272 Birgos, 115 Agouti, 49 Biscacha, 58 Albermarle Island, 110 Bolas, 42 Allen, Dr., 30 Botofogo Bay, 29 Amblyrhynchus, 108 Brazil, 37 America, 186 Buenos Ayres, 46, 49 Amethyst Mountain, 184 Buff on, 168 Ant-eater, 49 Burmeister, Prof., 73 Antennarius, 176 Butler, Dr., 2 Antuco, 93 Butterflies, 3; shower of, 69 Archaeopterix, 193 C Aristotle, 167
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A268
Book:
Holder, Charles Frederick. 1892. Charles Darwin: his life and work. New York: G. P. Putnam's sons.
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, the protection being simply an apple-tree in his garden. At the end of that time it began to rain, and even then the people could find no shelter, so complete had been the ruin. In his inquiries Darwin learned that the natives laid all the trouble to an old Indian woman, who, two years previous, was supposed to have stopped up the volcano of Antuco in a fit of rage, and as this particular volcano did not burst forth with the others at this time, it was all the more difficult to convince them
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F1925
Book:
Keynes, Richard Darwin ed. 1988. Charles Darwin's Beagle Diary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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Antuco, which is a little to the North of Concepcion is said to be in great activity. The people in Talcuana say that the Earthquake is owing to some old Indian Woman two years ago being offended, that they by witchcraft stopped the Volcano, now comes the Earthquake. This silly belief is curious because it shows that experience has taught them the constant relation between the suppressed activity of volcanoes tremblings of the ground. It is necessary to apply the Witchcraft to the point where
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F1925
Book:
Keynes, Richard Darwin ed. 1988. Charles Darwin's Beagle Diary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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, having made a short passage by scudding before a gale of wind. Mr Smith, who is acting as Governor, came on board, has related such complicated scenes of cold-blooded murder, robbery, plunder, suffering, such infamous conduct in almost every person who has breathed this atmosphere, as would take two or three sheets to describe. With poor Brisbane, four others were butchered; the principal murderer, Antuco, has given himself up. he says he knows he shall be hanged but he wishes some of the
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F1925
Book:
Keynes, Richard Darwin ed. 1988. Charles Darwin's Beagle Diary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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Hill 109, 174 Ancud, see San Carlos Angra 437 Anna pink 277 8 Anson, George 66, 277 8, 448 Antuco volcano 299 Araucanian Indians 164, 284, 288 90, 293 Arauco 289, 344 Archer, Mr 401, 448 Areco 191 Arequipa 345 Arica 344 Arqueros mines 332 3 Ascension Island 431 2 Aston, Mr 61 2, 75, 79, 448 Atacama Desert 339 Athenaeum 5 6 Australia 395 413, 428 Bahia (Salvador) 40 6, 61, 65, 72, 80, 432 4 Baia (Bahia) Blanca 99 110, 119, 150, 163, 166, 172 3, 178, 186, 208, 314 Baker, Mr 383, 385, 448 Baker, Sir
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F1925
Book:
Keynes, Richard Darwin ed. 1988. Charles Darwin's Beagle Diary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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to a certain doorway; this time however it fell he was crushed to pieces. |548| With my idea of a vibration having come from Antuco, the Northward of E, I cannot understand the wave travelling from the South. The cause however of an earthquake causing one, two, or three great waves does not to me appear very clear. The effect of so violent a shock on the springs was of course considerable; some poured out much more water than usual, some were closed: in one place black hot water flowed from a
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F1925
Book:
Keynes, Richard Darwin ed. 1988. Charles Darwin's Beagle Diary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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grown. Two feet lower than the same muscles, chitons and limpets were abundant.' See Narrative 2: 413 14. 2 Note and diagram in margin: 'I see Antuco is in same Lat: the case is not so clear'. (See p. 301.) 6th I crossed the Bay to Linguen to see the best coal-mine of Concepci n: as all the rest which I have seen, it is rather Lignite than Coal occurs in a very modern formation. The mine is not worked, for the coal when placed in a heap has the singular property of spontaneously igniting, it is
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A589
Book:
Armstrong, Patrick. 1992. Darwin's desolate islands: A naturalist in the Falklands, 1833 and 1834. Chippenham: Picton Publishing.
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, four others were butchered; the principal murderer, Antuco, has given himself up; he says he knows he shall be hanged but he wishes some of the Englishmen who were implicated, to suffer with him; pure thirst for blood seems to have incited him to this latter act. Surrounded as Mr Smith is with a set of villains, he appears to be getting on with all his schemes admirably well. Other sources suggest that Darwin was not entirely accurate on a few details; the prisoner's name was Antonio Rivero
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Darwin's Other Islands guardian of the flag), the gaucho captain and two others (whether with knives or firearms is not entirely clear), as part of a robbery. With poor Brisbane, four others were butchered: the principal murderer, Antuco, has given himself up; he says he knows he shall be hanged but he wishes some of the Englishmen who were implicated, to suffer with him; pure thirst for blood seems to have incited him.4 Darwin was not entirely accurate. The prisoner's name was Antonio Rivero
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