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A793.3
Beagle Library:
Kirby, William and Spence, William. 1815-26. An introduction to entomology. 4 vols. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green. vol. 3.
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of Epicurus that the Deity concerns not himself with the affairs of the world or its inhabitants, which, as Cicero has judiciously observed (De Nat. Deor. 1. 1. ad calcem), while it acknowledges a God in words, denies him in reality; has furnished the original stock upon which most of these bitter fruits of modern infidelity are grafted. Nature, in the eyes of a large proportion of the enemies of Revelation, occupies the place and does the work of its Great Author. Thus Hume, when he writes
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A505.1
Beagle Library:
Lyell, Charles. 1830. Principles of geology, being an attempt to explain the former changes of the earth's surface, by reference to causes now in operation. 3 vols. London: John Murray. vol. 1.
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original manuscripts. The variety of hand-writings is quite extraordinary: almost all are written in Greet, but there are a few in Latin. They were all found in the library of one private individual; and the titles of four hundred of those least injured, which have been read, are found to be unimportant works, but all entirely new, chiefly relating to music, rhetoric, and cookery. There are two volumes of Epicurus On Nature, and the others are mostly by writers of the same school, only one
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A832
Beagle Library:
Turner, Sharon. 1832. The sacred history of the world, as displayed in the Creation and subsequent events to the Deluge, attempted to be philosophically considered in a series of letters to a son. Volume 1. 2nd ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green and Longman.
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Genesis had not descended to us. Instead of deriving the World from GOD, it was more common among the classical nations to derive their gods from the world. Hesiod, as well as Epicurus, makes his Divinities to be an order of beings springing out of the material universe. Several Pagan nations, even in our own times, thus account for their existence. Few have thought the Deity to be the Creator of the Earth or of the heavens; and the mind had become so confused on this point, that it was more
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A15
Review:
[Bowen, Francis]. 1860. [Review of] On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. North American Review. 90: 474-506.
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, are not inconsistent with such a carrying out of his imaginary process. Even assuming his geological eternity, ho has only shown that the thing may be so for all that we know to the contrary. As a logical thinker, he ought to know that this is no proof at all. There is nothing new in this conception of a cosmogony worked out by speculating upon what is possible in an infinite lapse of years. It is at least as old as Democritus and Epicurus, and has never been presented with more poetic beauty
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A58
Review:
[Bowen, Francis]. 1860. [Review of] On the Origin of Species, by Means of Natural Selection. Charles Darwin. Littell's Living Age. 66, Issue 848, 1 (April): 474-506.
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, are not inconsistent with such a carrying out of his imaginary process. Even assuming his geological eternity, he has only shown that the thing may be so for all that we know to the contrary. As a logical thinker, he ought to know that this is no proof at all. There is nothing new in this conception of a cosmogony worked out by speculating upon what is possible in an infinite lapse of years. It is at least as old as Democritus and Epicurus, and has never been presented with more poetic beauty
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A12
Book:
Tyndall, John. 1874. Address Delivered Before the British Association Assembled at Belfast, With Additions. London: Longmans, Green, and Co.
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man; even beauty without understanding partook of animalism. Epicurus also rated the spirit above the body; the pleasure of the body was that of the moment, while the spirit could draw upon the future and the past. His philosophy was almost identical with that of Democritus; be he never quoted either friend or foe. One main object of Epicurus was to free the world from superstition and the fear of death. Death he treated with indifference. It merely robs us of sensation. As long as we are
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A12
Book:
Tyndall, John. 1874. Address Delivered Before the British Association Assembled at Belfast, With Additions. London: Longmans, Green, and Co.
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cover all the demands of his nature. But the history of the efforts made to satisfy these demands might be broadly described as a history of errors the error, in great part, consisting in ascribing fixity to that which is fluent, which varies as we vary, being gross when we are gross, and becoming, as our capacities widen, more abstract and sublime. On one great point the mind of Epicurus was at peace. He neither sought nor expected, here or hereafter, any personal profit from his relation to
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A12
Book:
Tyndall, John. 1874. Address Delivered Before the British Association Assembled at Belfast, With Additions. London: Longmans, Green, and Co.
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. Thus more than 2,000 years ago the doctrine of the 'survival of the fittest,' which in our day, not on the basis of vague conjecture, but of positive knowledge, has been raised to such extraordinary significance, had received at all events partial enunciation.3 Epicurus,4 said to be the son of a poor schoolmaster at Samos, is the next dominant figure in the history of the atomic philosophy. He mastered the writings of Democritus, heard lectures in Athens, went back to Samos, and subsequently
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A12
Book:
Tyndall, John. 1874. Address Delivered Before the British Association Assembled at Belfast, With Additions. London: Longmans, Green, and Co.
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developed with extraordinary ardour the philosophy of his Greek predecessor. He wishes to win over his friend Memnius to the school of Epicurus; and although he has no rewards in a future life to offer, although his object appears to be a purely negative one, he addresses his friend with the heat of an apostle. His object, like that of his great forerunner, is the destruction of superstition; and considering that men trembled before every natural event as a direct monition from the gods, and
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A12
Book:
Tyndall, John. 1874. Address Delivered Before the British Association Assembled at Belfast, With Additions. London: Longmans, Green, and Co.
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Creator, working more or less after the manner of men, was often assumed by the other. Gassendi is hardly to be ranked with either. Having formally acknowledged God as the great first cause, he immediately dropped the idea, applied the known laws of mechanics to the atoms, deducing thence all vital phenomena. He defended Epicurus, and dwelt upon his purity, both of doctrine and of life. True he was a heathen, but so was Aristotle. He assailed superstition and religion, and rightly, because he did
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A12
Book:
Tyndall, John. 1874. Address Delivered Before the British Association Assembled at Belfast, With Additions. London: Longmans, Green, and Co.
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punished, and adored them purely in consequence of their completeness; here we see, says Gassendi, the reverence of the child instead of the fear of the slave. The errors of Epicurus shall be corrected, the body of his truth retained; and then Gassendi proceeds, as any heathen might do, to build up the world, and all that therein is, of atoms and molecules. God, who created earth and water, plants and animals, produced in the first place a definite number of atoms, which constituted the seed
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A12
Book:
Tyndall, John. 1874. Address Delivered Before the British Association Assembled at Belfast, With Additions. London: Longmans, Green, and Co.
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moved more rapidly than the smaller ones, which they therefore could overtake, and with which they could combine. Epicurus, holding that empty space could offer no resistance to motion, ascribed to all the atoms the same velocity; but he seems to have overlooked the consequence that under such circumstances the atoms could never combine. Lucretius cut the knot by quitting the domain of physics altogether, and causing the atoms to move together by a kind of volition. Was the instinct utterly at fault
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F1319
Book contribution:
Darwin, C. R. 1879. Preliminary notice. In Krause, E., Erasmus Darwin. Translated from the German by W. S. Dallas, with a preliminary notice by Charles Darwin. London: John Murray.
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-theologies of that period. Blackmore's 'Creation,' which, from its being divided into seven books, people have been led to regard as belonging to the Diluvianistic literature, treats of the process of creation only by the way; and is essentially a purely polemico-rhetorical philippic against the atheists, from Democritus and Epicurus down to Descartes and Spinoza, in which we find so little sound judgment and insight that the author can by no means make up his mind * The suggestion that Dr. Darwin
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, and organic nature generally. The theory itself dates from the times of classic antiquity and oven earlier, for the terms of it are to be found in the pantheistic religions of India and Egypt. It was professed by the Ionic and Eleatic philosophers; vaguely apprehended by Parmenides; more fully understood by Empedocles, who enunciated the doctrine of the survival of the fittest, adopted by the School of Epicurus; and explicitly set forth by Lucretius in his great poem. In France, Buffon and
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A2098
Review:
Danilevskii, Nikolai. 1885. [Review of Origin] Vvedenie. Darvinizm, Kriticheskoe issledovanie ["Introduction." Darwinism, A Critical Investigation] 1, St. Petersburg, pp. 44-82. Translated by Stephen M. Woodburn.
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it. He replaced this principle of mechanical necessity with the principle of absolute random chance [sluchainost'], which appears to be his highest explanatory principle of precisely that part of the world which most bears the imprint of rationality and expediency. Although the principle of random chance played a role in certain ancient philosophical teachings, like those of Empedocles and Epicurus, (5) nevertheless I would hardly be mistaken in saying that Darwin first conducted it
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A162
Book:
Seward, A. C. ed. 1909. Darwin and modern science. Essays in commemoration of the centenary of the birth of Charles Darwin and of the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of The origin of species. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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experimental study in relation to, 247-270 Eohippus, 190, 191 Epicurus, a poet of Evolution, 5 Eristalis, 57 Ernst, 378 Ernst, A., on the Flora of Krakatau, 317, 318 Eschscholzia californica, 414-417 Espinas, 473 Eudendrium racemosum, 260 Evolution, in relation to Astronomy, 543-564 —and creation, 485 —conception of, 4-6, 9, 139, 141, 447 —discontinuous, 23, 67 —experimental, 6, 7 —factors of, 10-13 —fossil plants as evidence of, 200 —and language, 512 —of matter, W. C. D. Whetham on, 565, 582
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A162
Book:
Seward, A. C. ed. 1909. Darwin and modern science. Essays in commemoration of the centenary of the birth of Charles Darwin and of the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of The origin of species. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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certain end. To discern the outcrop of evolution-doctrine in the long interval between Aristotle and Bacon seems to be very difficult, and some of the instances that have been cited strike one as forced. Epicurus and Lucretius, often called poets of evolution, both pictured animals as arising directly out of the earth, very much as Milton's lion long afterwards pawed its way out. Even when we come to Bruno who wrote that to the sound of the harp of the Universal Apollo (the World Spirit), the
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whatever, and to have indulged as freely in indiscriminate commercial amours as did Pepys or Aaron Burr, though he was as much without Burr's gay oblivion as without Pepys's touches of remorse. He proclaims as a cynical creed his method of seeking wisdom: 'Like Solomon and like Epicurus, I have made my way to philosophy through pleasure. It is a better road than traveling thitherward by logic after Hegel's or Spinoza's fashion.'30 And the sum of the philosophy was akin to Solomon's. 'Sainte
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