Search Results - The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online

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A597.7 (page sequence 96) Book: Humboldt, Alexander von. 1814-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. Vol. 7. Text

, there is only one-seventh of which the access is entirely free between Cayo de Piedras and Cayo Blanco, a little to the east of Puerto Casilda, where anchorages are found that are often frequented by small barks; such as the Surgidero del Batabano, Bahia de Xagua, and Puerto Casilda, or Trinidad of Cuba. Beyond this latter port, towards the mouth of the Rio Cauto and Cabo Cruz (behind the Cayos de doce leguas), the coast, filled with lagons, is little accessible, and almost entirely desert. I

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A597.6a (page sequence 240) Book: Humboldt, Alexander von. 1814-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. Vol. 6, part 1. Text

Escondido -, Port de Mochima (Vol. iii, p. 358 j Vol. vi, p. 108) 5 Nueva Barcelona (Vol. iii, p. 3615 Vol. vi, p. 77); the mouth of the Rip Unare 5 Higuerote (Vol. iii, p, 370; Chuspa -, Guatire 5 La Guayra (Vol. iii, p. 382) $ Catia; Los Arecifes 5 Puerto la Cruz; Choroni 5 Sienega de Ocu-mare *, Turiamo 5 Burburata ; Patenebo (Vol. iii, p. 402) ; Porto Cabello (Vol. iv, p. 201) ; Chichiribiche (Vol. iv, p. 204); Puerto del Manzanillo; Coro; Maracaybo; Bahia Honda ; El Portete et Puerto Viejo 5 the

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A597.7 (page sequence 95) Book: Humboldt, Alexander von. 1814-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. Vol. 7. Text

8D Punta de Icacos to Cabanas, free from danger. It affords in the interval, the anchorage of Matanzas, Puerto Escondido, the Havannah, and Mariel. Further on, westward of Bahia Honda, of which the possession might tempt a maritime enemy of Spain, the chain of shoals recommences (bajos de Santa Isabel y de los Colorado*) extending without interruption as far as cape Saint Antonio. From that cape to Punta de Piedras and Bahia de Cortez, the coast is almost precipitous, and does not afford

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A597.7 (page sequence 98) Book: Humboldt, Alexander von. 1814-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. Vol. 7. Text

, long. 84 430; Mariel (lat. 23 5' 58, long. 85 20; Puerto de Cavanas (lat. 23 3, long. 85. 130 ; Bahia Honda (the most southern coast of the bay near Potrero de Madrazo, lat. 20 56' 7, long. 85 32' 10). East of Cabo San Antonio (lat. 21 5C, long. 87 17' 22): Surgidero del Batabano (lat. 22 43' 19, long. 84 45' 56); Bahia de. Xagua (lat. 22 4', long. 82 54'); the two ports of the town of Trinidad de Cuba, namely, Puerto Casilda (lat. 21 45' 26, long. 82 21' 70, the mouth of Rio Guaurabo (lat. 21

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A597.7 (page sequence 247) Book: Humboldt, Alexander von. 1814-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. Vol. 7. Text

six years only that the exportation of Mariel has had a sensible influence on that of the Havannah. The government has alike extended this franchise to other ports, for instance to Baracoa (13 December, 1816), San Fernando de Nuevitas iii the Estero of Bags and the Ouiros (5th April, 1819), Bahia de Guantanamo (13th August, 1810), and from San Juan de los Remedios, which has been considered the port of the district of Villa Clara (23d September, 1819). La Bahia de Jagua, where Don Luis de Clouet

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A597.6b (page sequence 143) Book: Humboldt, Alexander von. 1814-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. Vol. 6, part 2. Text

). South-east of Rio Janeiro, the Setra do Mar follows the coast behind the Isle Saint Catherine as far as Torcefc (lat. 29 Wf); it there tarns towards the west and forms an elbow stretching by the Campos of Vacaria, towards the banks of the Jaciiy +. Another chain lies west of the shore chain of Brazil, the most lofty and considerable of all, that of Villarica^:, which Mr. Eschwege marks by * Geognostiches Gemdlde eon Brasilien, 1822, p. 6. Thi Hmestoae of Bahia abounds in lignite*. Id. p, O. t

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A597.6b (page sequence 144) Book: Humboldt, Alexander von. 1814-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. Vol. 6, part 2. Text

532 the name xf Serra do Espinhafo, and considers as the principal part of the whole structure of the mountains of Brazil. This Cordillera loses itself towards the north *, between Minas Novas and the southern extremity of the Capitania of Bahia, in 16 of latitude. It there remains more than 60 leagues removed frota the coast pf Porto Seguro; but towards the south, between the .-parallels of Rio Janeiro and Saint Faul;(lat..220.'~ 23); in the knot of thelmoun-tains of Serra da Mantiqueira, it

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A597.7 (page sequence 8) Book: Humboldt, Alexander von. 1814-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. Vol. 7. Text

other outlet on the south than a strait between Cape St. Antonio and Cape Catoche; and on the north than the channel of Bahama, between Bahia-Honda and the shoals of Florida. Near the northern outlet, where the high-ways of so many trading nations may be said to cross each other, the fine port of the Havannah is situated, fortified at the same time by nature and by numerous works of art. The fleets which sail from this port, and which are partly constructed of the cedrela and the mahogany of the

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A597.7 (page sequence 55) Book: Humboldt, Alexander von. 1814-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. Vol. 7. Text

49 de fiayamo, and the Bahia de Nipe. Perhaps the abundance of copper mentioned by the Con-quistadores of the sixteenth century *, at a period when the Spaniards were more attentive to the natural productions of America, than in later times, was owing to the formations of amphibolic slate, transition clay-slate mixed with diorite, and to euphotides, analogous to those I found in the mountains of Guana-bacoa ? The central and western parts of the island contain two formations of compact

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A597.7 (page sequence 161) Book: Humboldt, Alexander von. 1814-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. Vol. 7. Text

155 Spain, that of Cuenca; four times less than the least peopled department of France, the Upper Alps. The inhabitants of the island of Cuba are so unequally distributed, that five-sixths of the island might almost be considered as unpeopled *. There are several parishes (Con* solacion, Macuriges, Hanabana) where, in the middle of pasturages, we do not find fifteen inhabitants to the square league; on the contrary, in the triangle formed by Bahia Honda, Batabano, and Matanzas (or rather

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A597.7 (page sequence 163) Book: Humboldt, Alexander von. 1814-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. Vol. 7. Text

, Matanzas, Mariel, Bahia Honda, Batabano, Xagua, and Trinidad, might oppose a louger or shorter resistance; but two-thirds of the island are almost without defence, and could scarcely be protected by the most active gun- % boats. Intellectual cultivation, almost entirely restrained to the class of the whites, is as unequally distributed as the population. The first society of the Havannah resembles, in ease and politeness of manners, the society of Cadiz, and of the richest commercial towns of

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A597.7 (page sequence 181) Book: Humboldt, Alexander von. 1814-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. Vol. 7. Text

interior commotions: in the years of great drought, the exportation scarcely rose to 140,000 cases. Persons well-informed on this branch of American commerce, believe, that when tranquillity shall be ultimately established, the exportation of sugar will become, mean year, 192,000 cases, or 125 millions of kilograms, of which 150,000 cases will be of refined sugar, and 42,000 of coarse sugar. Rio Janeiro, it is thought, will furnish 40,000 cases; Bahia, 100,000; Pernambuco, 52,000, without reckoning

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A597.7 (page sequence 325) Book: Humboldt, Alexander von. 1814-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. Vol. 7. Text

governor, a good repartimiento de Fndios, we arrived (latitude 219 5C) in the meridian of the entrance of the Bahia de Xagua. The longitude the chronometer gave me at this point was almost identical with that since published (in 1821) in the map of the Deposito hidrogrqfico of Madrid. * This he renounced the same year from a scruple of conscience, during a short stay at Jamaica. VOL. VII. Y [page break

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A597.7 (page sequence 475) Book: Humboldt, Alexander von. 1814-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. Vol. 7. Text

extensive view. The port, or rather the bahia, is nearly nine miles and a half long, if we compute the length from the town (near the suburb of Jehemani or Xexemani) to the Cienega of Cacao. The Cienega is one of the nooks of the isle of Baru, south-west of the Estero de Pasacaballos, by which we reach the opening of the Dique de Mahates. Two extremities of the small isle of Tierra Bomba form, on the north, with a neck of land of the continent, and on the south, with a cape of the isle of Baru

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A597.4 (page sequence 309) Book: Humboldt, Alexander von. 1814-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. Vol. 4. Text

South latitude (by Santa Cruz de la Sierra, the Serra-nias of Aguapehy, and the famous Campos do* Parecis) the Andes of Peru to the mountains of Brazil. It is the Cordillera of ChiquUos that widens in the -Capitania de Minas Geraes, and divides the rivers flowing into the Amazon from those of the Rio de la Plata #, not only in the interior of the country, in the meridian of Villa Boa, but also at a few leagues from the coast, between Rio Janeiro and Bahia -f% . * There it only a carrying place of

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A597.6a (page sequence 149) Book: Humboldt, Alexander von. 1814-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. Vol. 6, part 1. Text

population of Brazil, however, must have augmented considerably during the last four or five years. According to documents presented to the house of commons at London in 1821, we see, that the port of Bahia received from January the 1st 1817, to January the 7th 1818, 6070 slaves, and that of Rio Janeiro, 18,032. In the course of the year 1818, the latter port received 19,802 Negroes. (Report made by a committee to the directors of tlie African Institution, on the Bth of May, 1821, p. 37.) I have

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A597.7 (page sequence 35) Book: Humboldt, Alexander von. 1814-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. Vol. 7. Text

. It is perhaps fortunate for the free states of that part of the world, that only six towns of America, Mexico, New-York, Philadelphia, the Havannah, Rio Janeiro and Bahia, have attained a population of 100,000 souls. At Rio Janeiro, there are 105,000 blacks, on a population of 135,000 persons: at the Havannah the whites form two-fifths of the whole population. We find in that town the same preponderance of women that is observed in the principal towns of the United States, and of Mexico*. * The

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A597.7 (page sequence 63) Book: Humboldt, Alexander von. 1814-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. Vol. 7. Text

Valorbe in the limestone of Jura. Is the formation of the serpentine of Guanabacoa repeated near Bahia Honda, in the Cerro del Rubi ? On the hills of Regla and Guanabacoa, the botanists find at the foot of some scattered palm-trees, Jatrppha pandursfolia, J* integerrima Jacq., J. fragrans, Petiveria alliacea, Pisonia lorantho'ides, Lantana iuvolucrata, Russelia sarmentosa, Ehretia Havanensis, Cor-dia globosa, Convolvulus pinnatifidus, C. calycinus, Bignonia lepidota, Lagascea mollis Cav., Malpighia

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A597.7 (page sequence 305) Book: Humboldt, Alexander von. 1814-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. Vol. 7. Text

exists great geographical confusion even at the Havannah on the ancient denominations of the Jardines del Rey and Jardines de la Reyna. In the description of the island of Cuba, in the Mercurio Americano (vol. ii, p. 388), and in the Hittoria natural de la Isla de Cuba (cap. i, . 1), published at the Havannab by Don Antonio Lopez Gomez, the two groupes are placed on the southern coast of the island. M. Lopez says that the Jardines del Rey extend from the Laguna de Cortez to Bahia de Xaguaj but there

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A597.6a (page sequence 388) Book: Humboldt, Alexander von. 1814-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. Vol. 6, part 1. Text

380 linea divisoria reaches, according to different hypotheses, the mouth of the Rio Francisco, or Rio Janeiro, or the meridian of Saint Paul, which is still placed 1 to the east of Grand Para. Pope Julian sanctioned the treaty of Tordesillas by a bull issued January 24th, 1506; but the daring voyage of Magellan, and the discoveries (1500—1504) of the mouth of the river Amazon, by Vicente Janez Pinson, of Cape San 'Augustin, by Amerigo Vespucci, and the ports of Santa Cruz and of the Bahia of

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A556.1 (page sequence 161) Book: Ulloa, Antonio de. 1806. A voyage to South America: describing at large the Spanish cities, towns, provinces, &c. on that extensive continent. 4th ed. London: Stockdale. Volume 1. Text Image

Kingdom of Terra Firma. T^HE city of Panama is not only the capital of its particular prpvinee, but alfo of the whole kingdom of Terra Firma, which eonfifts of the three provinces of Panama, Darien, and Veraguas. The firft is the feat of every branch of the government, as being fituated between the other two ; Darien lying on the eaft fide, and Veraguas on the weft. The kingdom of Terra Firma begins northwards at the river of Darien, and ftretching along by Nom-bre de Dio% Bocas del Toro, Bahia

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CUL-DAR32.3-8 (page sequence 9) Note: Darwin Charles Robert [nd] Geological diary: Bahia Text Image

9) We will here group together a few observations on the decomposed granites of Brazil. Rio observations. — Prince. Maximilian. at Bahia I believe the chief difference with the decomposed granites of other countries, which I have seen, is its more argillaceous nature, which might well arise. — [in pencil] Alluvium Pennant Spix Martius quote the contrariety of opinions. — Examine Eschwege interesting formation, curious minerals fractured state, gold, crystallized, diamonds. — great extent

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CUL-DAR32.9-14 (page sequence 1) Note: Darwin Charles Robert [nd] Geological diary: Bahia Brazil Text Image

Darwin, C. R. Geological diary: Bahia Brazil. CUL-DAR32.9-14 9 (1 Bahia Brazil Towards the extremity of the point of land, on which stands the city of Bahia in Brazil stands, I observed some rocks, belonging to the grand granitic formation, coated overlaid with a bright glossy coating. — The point where this recurred was where a small fresh-water stream rivulet entered on the sea beach. — The colour of the coating is of a fine rich brown colour which sometimes passes into a black; when seen

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CUL-DAR32.3-8 (page sequence 1) Note: Darwin Charles Robert [nd] Geological diary: Bahia Text Image

Darwin, C. R. Geological diary: Bahia. CUL-DAR32.3-8 Transcribed by Kees Rookmaaker (Darwin Online, http://darwin-online.org.uk/) 3 Bahia (1 The granitic rocks consist essentially of gneiss; of this some is coarse grained well characterized, but the 3838 greater part is highly felspathic: frequently by losing its mica quartz gaining Hornblende change colour of feldspar passes into a primitive greenstone. [in pencil] (Pegmatite) See specimens 3841-44 [in pencil] Allude to two kinds of

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CUL-DAR32.1-2 (page sequence 2) Note: Darwin Charles Robert [nd] Geological diary: Brazil coast Text Image

pass under the sands conglomerates, or merely face them. — I believe from what I heard, that the higher land in the neighbourhood, is all constituted of the granite sand such as that of Olinda. — There is an evident connection between this formation the superficial one overlying the gneiss at Bahia. — I do not doubt. but to similar parent rocks occur likewise here, at some distance in the interior. — North of Pernambuco, for the whole space

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CUL-DAR32.9-14 (page sequence 9) Note: Darwin Charles Robert [nd] Geological diary: Bahia Brazil Text Image

felspathic rocks? — With respect to the source of the ferruginous matter at Bahia, I think there can be no doubt it is owing to the percolation of rain water through the bright red clayey soil, which has resulted from the disintegrated gneiss. — ++ Humboldt adds. cementation seems to explain why the crusts augment so little in thickness.2 1 Humboldt, Personal narrative vol. 5, p. 24. 2 Humboldt, Personal narrative vol. 5, p. 24. 14 vers

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CUL-DAR32.1-2 (page sequence 1) Note: Darwin Charles Robert [nd] Geological diary: Brazil coast Text Image

Darwin, C. R. Geological diary: Brazil coast. CUL-DAR32.1-2 Transcribed by Kees Rookmaaker (Darwin Online, http://darwin-online.org.uk/) 1 Brazil coast (32.(1)) Baron. Roussin. The coast N. of St Thomas (60 miles N. of C. Frio) is all low as compared to the part extending to St. Catherines mention general soundings. I have mentioned Proceedings northwards from Bahia the coast is generally low. — I have mentioned shells in Limestone at R. S. Francisco. — At Alagoas. There is no hard rock, so

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CUL-DAR32.3-8 (page sequence 6) Note: Darwin Charles Robert [nd] Geological diary: Bahia Text Image

(6 The whole neighbouring country around Bahia, when viewed from a distance appears like a very level plain of about 300 ft elevation. At a few points near the sea beach, a level terrace of about 20 ft height may traced. The plain declines a little towards the sea, but is every where terminated by a steep wooded cliff: — The whole country moreover is intersected by very numerous, winding flat-bottomed valleys, which although not absolutely wide, are so when compared to the water small size of

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CUL-DAR32.9-14 (page sequence 5) Note: Darwin Charles Robert [nd] Geological diary: Bahia Brazil Text Image

(3 Bahia. Brazil dark grey calcareous varnish at Ascension. From this analogy Must we believe that the ferruginous matter is deposited at times when the rocks are protected by an accidental covering of sand or shingle, or merely at the intervals of low water? — I rather incline to the former of these supposition because in one spot a patch of conglomerate still adhered to one side of a burnished point. — But Again how does the mechanical action of the surf aggregate consolidate into so hard a

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CUL-DAR32.9-14 (page sequence 7) Note: Darwin Charles Robert [nd] Geological diary: Bahia Brazil Text Image

5 Bahia waters acquire great swiftness strike with force against the rocks of the banks1 Humboldt also adds states that all these phenomena of coloration have hitherto appeared in the torrid zone only, in rivers that have periodical overflowings2 in the Orinoca. the layer is said to occur in the parts periodically washed by the waters. — It In my case the it is easy to believe that the tidal action corresponds to the periodical overflowings. the action of the surf. to that of a rapid or a

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A560.1 (page sequence 681) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

TRAVELS IN BRAZIL, B97 VI. Minha alma, que tinha. Liberta a vontade, Agora ja Sente Amor, e.saudade. Os^tios formosos, Que ja nie agradariio, Ah! nao se mudarao; Mudarao-se os olhos, De triste que estou. Sao estes etc By GoNZAGA. No. 2. From S. Paulo. Qual sara o feliz dia Em que veja satisfeitas Doces amanteis promesas Pela minha Ionia. No. S. From Mims and Bahia. Pracer igual ao que eu sinto No mundo nao havera Quando me vejo nos bracos Da minha amante Yaya O que instantes, Amor nos da, Meu

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A560.2 (page sequence 311) Book: Spix, J. P von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 2. Text Image

TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. g£7 VI. Minha alma, que tinha. Liberta a vontade, Agora ja sente Amor, e saudade. Os sitios formosos, Que ja me agradarao, Ah ! nao se mudarao; Mudarao-se os olhos, De triste que estou. Sao estes etc. By Gonzaga. No. 2. From S. Paulo. Qual sara o feliz dia Em -que veja satisfeitas Doces amanteis promesas Pela minha Ionia. No. 3. From Minas and Bahia. Pracer igual ao que eu sinto No mundo nao havera Quando me vejo nos bracos Da minha amante Yaya , O que instantes, Amor nos da

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A558.2 (page sequence 387) Book: Hall, Basil. 1824. Extracts from a journal, written on the coasts of Chili, Peru, and Mexica, in the years 1820, 1821, 1822. Edinburgh: Constable. Volume 2. Text Image

and fifty miles farther from Bahia than when we first sailed. The wind now shifted to the southward and S. W., with a high swell, and much rain, and we reached our port on the 13th of December. The Doris sailed on the 5th of December, ten days after the Conway, and reached Bahia on the 12th, one day before us. It so happened, that, immediately on leaving Rio, she got the same southerly wind which carried us VOL. II. Bb [page break

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A560.1 (page sequence 221) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. 187 nuts, also tobacco, sugar, rtim, and rice. Cabo Frio sends tabs and casks made of the trunks of large fig-trees (jgamelleiras), and, as well as the neighbouring island Ilha Grande, also lime of calcined shells or rocks. Ilha Grande, having excellent materials, furnishes extremely good pottery. The trade with Pernambuco and Bahia is not inconsiderable. From Bahia, Rio receives tobacco, slaves, millstones, tucum (thread made of the fibres of the palm), cocoa-nuts, articles

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A560.2 (page sequence 279) Book: Spix, J. P von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 2. Text Image

we had taken on our journey hither, and, on the 21st of April, returned safely, by way of Mariana, to Villa Rica. NOTE TO CHAPTER II. The first bishopric in Brazil was founded at Bahia in the year 1522, and raised to the rank of an archbishopric in the year 1667. The bishoprics of Rio de Janeiro and Pernambuco, which were founded at a later period, as also those of Angola and S. Thome*, in Africa, were * placed under it as suffragans. The bishopric of Maranhao, from which, under John V., the

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A558.2 (page sequence 337) Book: Hall, Basil. 1824. Extracts from a journal, written on the coasts of Chili, Peru, and Mexica, in the years 1820, 1821, 1822. Edinburgh: Constable. Volume 2. Text Image

- 347 IX. from LimatoPacasmayas, Pay- ta, and Guayaquil - 348 X from Guayaquil to the Galapagos Islands - - 351 XL--------- from the Galapagos to Panama 353 XII. General Remarks on the winds, weather, and navigation on the south and southwest coast of Mexico - - 855 XIII. Passage from Panama to Acapulco 363 XIV. —------from Acapulco to San Bias 366 XV. — from San Bias (round Cape Horn) to Rio de Janeiro - 370 XVI. ..........from Rio de Janeiro to Bahia 377 [page break

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A560.1 (page sequence 377) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. =S=aESBBBSBBB BOOK III. CHAPTER I. STAY IN THE CITY OF S. PAULO. At the time of our arrival, the province of S. Paulo was governed by a triumvirate, the Conde da Palma having lately left it to assume the government of Bahia, and his successor, the Baron Von Oeinhausen, the son of a German, formerly governor of Matto-grosso, not having yet arrived. According to ancient usage in these cases, the province is governed by the superior ecclesiastical, civil, and military

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A560.2 (page sequence 8) Book: Spix, J. P von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 2. Text Image

TRAVELS IN B ^AZIL BOOK III. s. CHAPTER L STAY IN THE CITY OF S. PAULO. At the time of our arrival, the province of S. Paulo was governed by a triumvirate, the Conde da Palma having lately left it to assume the government of Bahia, and his successor, the Baron Von Oeinhausen, the son of a German, formerly governor of Matto-grosso, not having yet arrived. According to ancient usage in these cases, the province is governed by the superior ecclesiastical, civil, and military authorities. The

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A560.1 (page sequence 152) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

190 TEAVEL8 IK BRAZIL. where they can safely pass the channel, which it twelve miles broad, between the four small rocky islands Ilhas Abrolhos. This very frequent navi-gation has caused the Portuguese coasters to examine a series of shallows from nineteen to fifty fathoms, which, beginning to the south of Bahia de todos os Santos, extend along the coast of the Comarca dos Ilheos from the Baixos de S. Antonio to the mouth of the Rio Grande, in the direction of 8.S.B., are connected with the

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A560.2 (page sequence 265) Book: Spix, J. P von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 2. Text Image

publish in the appendix of the fourth volume. Coroados, Corop6s, Puris, Botocudos, Macuanis, Penhams (Panhems or Panhmis), in Minds Geraes; Machacalis, Ca-poxos, Cataxos, Comanaxos on the frontier of Porto-Seguro, Bahia, and Minas ; Cariris, Sabujas, Camacaens, Masacaras in Bahia; Geicos in Piauhi; Apogenicrans, Pimenteiras and Purecamecrns in Maranhdo ; Mtiras, Mundrucus, Uainum£s, Manax6s, Canna-mirim, Passes, Juri-Tocana-TapuUja, Juri-I^boca-Tapujija, Culinos, Catuquinas, Uairucu, Campevas

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A560.1 (page sequence 414) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

Bahia for iPernambuco for Rio Grande for Rio da Prata for exported to 2,635,200 rees.| 49,907,600 da 536,006,600 do. 13,042,880 do. 5,085,000 do. 34,420,880 do. 25,844,680 do. Of which imported from Oporto for - - 53,270,900 rees. iRio de Janeiro for - 646,584,928 do. Total exportation 666,942,840 rees. Quantity. 3,445 pipes. 52$ ditto. 27 ditto. 5 ditto. 1,957 bottles. 1,113 bales. 200 chests. 44 arrobas. 353 cwt. 1,080 ditto. 130 arrobas. 549 ditto. 158 chests. 379 ditto. 656. 37,669 alq. 149 cwt

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A560.1 (page sequence 29) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES IN THE FIRST VOLUME. VILLA VELHA....................................... Frontispiece. A village consisting of scattered houses, a league to the south-west of the Villa do Rio de Contas in the interior of the capitania of Bahia. The grotesque mica-slate mountain, Serra do Rio de Contas, or de Brumado, forms the background of this luxuriant landscape. In the foreground are palms, calabash and gum anime trees (Carica, Papaja, and Hymenea Courbaril); and negro slaves are

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A560.1 (page sequence 219) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

-exported to Portugal, and to different ports of South America. The imports from Macao are fine muslins and printed cottons, silk stuffs, porcelain, tea, Indian ink, cinnamon, pepper, and some camphor. Rio is the general staple for all the numerous small ports on the Brazilian coast, northwards to Bahia, and southwards to Monte Video, which send thither their produce for exportation to Europe, or home consumption. The quantity of provisions in particular, annually imported from all these places [page

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A560.1 (page sequence 222) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

188 TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. able roads. From Rio Grande do Sul and S. Paulo many thousand oxen, horses, and mules are annually driven hither, and many of them are forwarded to the neighbouring capitanias. Minas sends its cotton, coffee, and tobacco chiefly to Rio de Janeiro; the road to which, though from some parts further than to Bahia, is more pleasant and less difficult. In the year 1820, the importation of these articles was — cotton 70,407 arrobas, coffee 20,000, and tobacco 54,281 arrobas

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A560.1 (page sequence 285) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. 249 ignes fatui, and the blood-sucking bats * hover like phantoms in the profound darkness of the night Inanimate nature too presents a beautiful and sublime picture in its long-extending mountain ridges, thickly wooded to the summits. The Serra dos Orgos, and all the parts of the same range, which, branching out in different directions, runs along the sea-coast northwards through ihe district of Canta-Gallo to Porto-Seguro and Bahia, and southwards to Santos, c, consists of

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A560.1 (page sequence 304) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

prosecute our plan of travelling into the provinces of S. Paulo, Minas Geraes, Goyaz, and Bahia alone, and on the application of the Austrian embassy, soon received from the Brazilian government the necessary passports and letters of recommendation. All the preparations for our enterprise were completed in the beginning of December, and the moment to leave the capital was now arrived. With great emotion we took leave of friends and countrymen, to whom we were united by sincere attachment and

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A560.1 (page sequence 361) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

TRAVELS IK BRAZIL. 828 that only the weaker hordes, who thought they should be more secure by joining with the Portuguese and.settling among them, remained in their ancient abodes. The Tupinambazes, the most important of all the nations which the Europeans found upon the coast, confirm this view by their extensive migration, and their gradual falling back from the coasts of Bahia and Pernambuco, to Maranho, Pard, and along the river Amazons, upwards as far as the mouth of the Madeira, where we

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A560.1 (page sequence 382) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

boast of having a claim, through the actions of his forefathers, to this new continent, which the settlers from Europe cannot adduce. There is no manner of doubt that the first comers contracted frequent marriages with the neighbouring Indians; and the complexion and physiognomy of the people indicate this mixture here, more than in the other cities of Brazil, for instance, in Maranho and Bahia. Many whites have, however, at all times settled here. The capkania of S. Paulo, formerly called S

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A560.1 (page sequence 384) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

complexion too, is not so pale as that of most of the Brazilian women, and they are on that account reckoned to be the handsomest women of Brazil.* Reflection and a disposition to subtile investigations, are said to characterise the Paulistas j and, in fact, they * A popular proverb describing the character of several provinces, extols the women of S. Paulo above all others. I* says, at Bahia are to be praised EUes ndo Ellas, in Pernambuco EUasndoElks, in S. Paulo Ellas e Ellas. [page break

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A560.1 (page sequence 388) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

12 TRAVEL8 IN BRAZIL. west of Benguela, are said to become the most easily used to the climate. The taste for European luxuries has by no means made so much progress among the inhabitants of S. Paulo as with the more opulent citizens of Bahia, Pernambuco, and Maranho. Convenience and cleanliness are more attended to than elegance and splendour in their household arrangements; and instead of the light North American furniture and French looking-glasses, which are seen in the other provinces, we