A556.1  (page sequence 161)   Book:     Ulloa, Antonio de. 1806. A voyage to South America: describing at large the Spanish cities, towns, provinces, &c. on that extensive continent. 4th ed. London: Stockdale. Volume 1.   Text   Image

Kingdom of Terra Firma. T^HE city of Panama is not only the capital of its particular prpvinee, but alfo of the whole kingdom of Terra Firma, which eonfifts of the three provinces of Panama, Darien, and Veraguas. The firft is the feat of every branch of the government, as being fituated between the other two ; Darien lying on the eaft fide, and Veraguas on the weft. The kingdom of Terra Firma begins northwards at the river of Darien, and ftretching along by Nom-bre de Dio% Bocas del Toro, Bahia

A560.2  (page sequence 311)   Book:     Spix, J. P von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 2.   Text   Image

TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. g£7 VI. Minha alma, que tinha. Liberta a vontade, Agora ja sente Amor, e saudade. Os sitios formosos, Que ja me agradarao, Ah ! nao se mudarao; Mudarao-se os olhos, De triste que estou. Sao estes etc. By Gonzaga. No. 2. From S. Paulo. Qual sara o feliz dia Em -que veja satisfeitas Doces amanteis promesas Pela minha Ionia. No. 3. From Minas and Bahia. Pracer igual ao que eu sinto No mundo nao havera Quando me vejo nos bracos Da minha amante Yaya , O que instantes, Amor nos da

A560.1  (page sequence 221)   Book:     Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1.   Text   Image

TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. 187 nuts, also tobacco, sugar, rtim, and rice. Cabo Frio sends tabs and casks made of the trunks of large fig-trees (jgamelleiras), and, as well as the neighbouring island Ilha Grande, also lime of calcined shells or rocks. Ilha Grande, having excellent materials, furnishes extremely good pottery. The trade with Pernambuco and Bahia is not inconsiderable. From Bahia, Rio receives tobacco, slaves, millstones, tucum (thread made of the fibres of the palm), cocoa-nuts, articles

A558.2  (page sequence 337)   Book:     Hall, Basil. 1824. Extracts from a journal, written on the coasts of Chili, Peru, and Mexica, in the years 1820, 1821, 1822. Edinburgh: Constable. Volume 2.   Text   Image

- 347 IX. from LimatoPacasmayas, Pay- ta, and Guayaquil - 348 X from Guayaquil to the Galapagos Islands - - 351 XL--------- from the Galapagos to Panama 353 XII. General Remarks on the winds, weather, and navigation on the south and southwest coast of Mexico - - 855 XIII. Passage from Panama to Acapulco 363 XIV. —------from Acapulco to San Bias 366 XV. — from San Bias (round Cape Horn) to Rio de Janeiro - 370 XVI. ..........from Rio de Janeiro to Bahia 377 [page break

A560.2  (page sequence 8)   Book:     Spix, J. P von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 2.   Text   Image

TRAVELS IN B ^AZIL BOOK III. s. CHAPTER L STAY IN THE CITY OF S. PAULO. At the time of our arrival, the province of S. Paulo was governed by a triumvirate, the Conde da Palma having lately left it to assume the government of Bahia, and his successor, the Baron Von Oeinhausen, the son of a German, formerly governor of Matto-grosso, not having yet arrived. According to ancient usage in these cases, the province is governed by the superior ecclesiastical, civil, and military authorities. The

A560.2  (page sequence 265)   Book:     Spix, J. P von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 2.   Text   Image

publish in the appendix of the fourth volume. Coroados, Corop6s, Puris, Botocudos, Macuanis, Penhams (Panhems or Panhmis), in Minds Geraes; Machacalis, Ca-poxos, Cataxos, Comanaxos on the frontier of Porto-Seguro, Bahia, and Minas ; Cariris, Sabujas, Camacaens, Masacaras in Bahia; Geicos in Piauhi; Apogenicrans, Pimenteiras and Purecamecrns in Maranhdo ; Mtiras, Mundrucus, Uainum£s, Manax6s, Canna-mirim, Passes, Juri-Tocana-TapuUja, Juri-I^boca-Tapujija, Culinos, Catuquinas, Uairucu, Campevas

A560.1  (page sequence 29)   Book:     Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1.   Text   Image

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES IN THE FIRST VOLUME. VILLA VELHA....................................... Frontispiece. A village consisting of scattered houses, a league to the south-west of the Villa do Rio de Contas in the interior of the capitania of Bahia. The grotesque mica-slate mountain, Serra do Rio de Contas, or de Brumado, forms the background of this luxuriant landscape. In the foreground are palms, calabash and gum anime trees (Carica, Papaja, and Hymenea Courbaril); and negro slaves are

A560.1  (page sequence 222)   Book:     Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1.   Text   Image

188 TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. able roads. From Rio Grande do Sul and S. Paulo many thousand oxen, horses, and mules are annually driven hither, and many of them are forwarded to the neighbouring capitanias. Minas sends its cotton, coffee, and tobacco chiefly to Rio de Janeiro; the road to which, though from some parts further than to Bahia, is more pleasant and less difficult. In the year 1820, the importation of these articles was — cotton 70,407 arrobas, coffee 20,000, and tobacco 54,281 arrobas

A560.1  (page sequence 304)   Book:     Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1.   Text   Image

prosecute our plan of travelling into the provinces of S. Paulo, Minas Geraes, Goyaz, and Bahia alone, and on the application of the Austrian embassy, soon received from the Brazilian government the necessary passports and letters of recommendation. All the preparations for our enterprise were completed in the beginning of December, and the moment to leave the capital was now arrived. With great emotion we took leave of friends and countrymen, to whom we were united by sincere attachment and

A560.1  (page sequence 382)   Book:     Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1.   Text   Image

boast of having a claim, through the actions of his forefathers, to this new continent, which the settlers from Europe cannot adduce. There is no manner of doubt that the first comers contracted frequent marriages with the neighbouring Indians; and the complexion and physiognomy of the people indicate this mixture here, more than in the other cities of Brazil, for instance, in Maranho and Bahia. Many whites have, however, at all times settled here. The capkania of S. Paulo, formerly called S

A560.1  (page sequence 388)   Book:     Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1.   Text   Image

12 TRAVEL8 IN BRAZIL. west of Benguela, are said to become the most easily used to the climate. The taste for European luxuries has by no means made so much progress among the inhabitants of S. Paulo as with the more opulent citizens of Bahia, Pernambuco, and Maranho. Convenience and cleanliness are more attended to than elegance and splendour in their household arrangements; and instead of the light North American furniture and French looking-glasses, which are seen in the other provinces, we

A560.1  (page sequence 576)   Book:     Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1.   Text   Image

Felisberto Caldeira Brant Pontes, of Bahia, there were reckoned in Minas Geraes, in the year 1820, 456,675 free, and 165,210 slaves; in all 621,885 inhabitants. The comarca of Oiro Preto or Villa Rica, contained, according to Mr. Von Esch-wege (loc. cit.\ in the year 1813,72,209 inhabitants, though, according to a list quoted by him, it had, in 1776, 78,618, that is 6,409 more. Mr. Von Eschwege justly considers the decrease of the gold-washing, and the consequent diminution in the number of negro slaves

A560.1  (page sequence 648)   Book:     Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1.   Text   Image

of Parfi was separated and made independent of it, remained under the arch* bishopric of Lisbon, on account of the difficulty of the navigation between Maranhao and Bahia. In the year 1744 the new bishoprics of Mariana and S. Paulo, and the two extensive prelacies of Goyaz and Matto-grosso, were detached from the diocese of Rio de Janeiro. [page break

A560.2  (page sequence 15)   Book:     Spix, J. P von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 2.   Text   Image

. Their complexion too, is not so pale as that of most of the Brazilian women, and they are on that account reckoned to be the handsomest women of Brazil.* Reflection arid a disposition to subtile investigations, are said to characterise the Paulistas; and, in fact, they * A popular proverb describing the character of several provinces, extols the women of S. Paulo above all others. It says, at Bahia are to be praised Elles ndo Ellas, in Pernambuco Ettas ndoEUes, in S. Paulo Ellas e Ellas. [page break

A560.2  (page sequence 188)   Book:     Spix, J. P von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 2.   Text   Image

TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. 179 militia of whites, seven of mulattoes, and four of free negroes.* Almost all kinds of trades are carried on here, the principal of which are the saddlers, tinmen, and blacksmiths ; there are likewise manufactories of gunpowder, beaver hats; and pottery. No other town in the interior of Brazil has such a brisk trade as Villa Rica, There are roads from this place by way of S. Joao d'El Rey to S. Paulo; by Minas Novas to Bahia; by S. Romao, Tejuco, Malhada, to Paracutu

A560.1  (page sequence 148)   Book:     Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1.   Text   Image

116 TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. from March to September, and to the south from September to March,# On account of these currents, many vessels bound to the southern parts of Brazil, or to Buenos Ayres, visit the stations of » Fernarabuco and Bahia in the winter months on the passage out, and in the summer months on the voyage home. As the land wind generally blows strong, and to a considerable distance from the coasts of Brazil, it essentially favours vessels steering southwards, and they may reckon

A560.1  (page sequence 171)   Book:     Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1.   Text   Image

, and gave the bay the name it now bears. The Praya-vermelha was formerly called for this reason, Porto de Martin Affbnso. It is uncertain who it was that first visited this part of the coast of Brazil, but it appears that Joad de Solis was the first who put in here in 1515. When Fernando de Magalhaens, with his fellow-countryman Ruy Falleiro, sailed along the whole east coast of South America, he anchored here in December 1519, and gave to the bay the name of Bahia de St. Lucia. Martin Alfonso

A560.1  (page sequence 301)   Book:     Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1.   Text   Image

, where he worked a lead mine; his serene highness the Prince of Neuwied was at that time travelling along the sea-coast from Rio to Bahia, with Messrs. Frey-reiss and Sellow; Auguste de Saint Hilaire who had travelled a year before with Mr. Langsdorff to Villa Rica, after the latter had been obliged to return on account of business, and visited several other parts of the province of Minas, the Indian settlements of Passainha, Tejuco, and the Rio de S. Francisco, at Salgado, was just then on his

A560.1  (page sequence 316)   Book:     Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1.   Text   Image

280 TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. ponaceous matter. There are here many species of still higher trees, which are used, for burning into charcoal. These manufactories are managed in exactly the same manner as in Europe, principally in the driest months from July to September, and are very profitable on account of the scarcity of firewood for the use of the city. They now begin to be carried on with activity, since Mr. Feldner has proved, by examining the coal mines near Bahia, that very little is to be

A560.1  (page sequence 482)   Book:     Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1.   Text   Image

modifications on the frontiers of every province. The price of these animals, which is from twelve to five and twenty piastres, is hereby doubled and tripled by the time they get from this place to the northern capitanias of Bahia, Pernambuco, and Ceara, to which droves are sometimes led through the interior of Minas, particularly along the Rio de S. Francisco. Mules from Spanish America, which are much handsomer, taller and stronger, are but seldom seen in Brazil, their importation being prohibited. A

A560.1  (page sequence 565)   Book:     Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1.   Text   Image

TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. 187 the most abundant in this formation, and either in very small grains and crystals nidulating in the layers of clay and lithomarge, or as a coating on brown iron-stone, or embedded in it in folia. This formation is prevalent, not only here and in general in Minas Geraes, where they pretend that diamonds have been found in it*, but also occurs in several parts of the capitanias of S. Paulo, Goyaz, and Bahia, where it is everywhere supposed to contain gold. Below this iron

A560.1  (page sequence 634)   Book:     Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1.   Text   Image

publish in the appendix of the fourth volume. Coroados, Coropfe, Puris, Botocudos, Macuanis, Penh am* (Panhems or Panhmis), in Minas Geracs; Machacalts, Ca-poxos, Cataxos, Comanaxos on the frontier of Porto-Seguro, JZahia, and Minas ; Cariris, Sabuja, Camacaens, Masacaras in Bahia; Geic6s in Piauhi; Apogenicrans, Pimenteiras and Purecamecrns in Maranhdo ; Muras, Mundructis, Uainumaa, Manax6s, Canna-mirim, Passes, Juri-Tocana-Tapuuja, Juri-Taboca-Tapuiija, Culinos, Cntuquinas, Uairucu, CampeVaa

A560.2  (page sequence 91)   Book:     Spix, J. P von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 2.   Text   Image

82 TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. the ground by means of short pegs, a little salted and dried in the sun. The flesh cut into thin strips, rubbed with salt, and dried in the air, is an important article of exportation, from the harbours of S. Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul, to the cities in the north, particularly to Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Fernambuco, and Maranhao, where, under the names of Carne seca do Sertao, Passoca or Carne charqueda, it constitutes an essential part of the subsistence of all the

A560.2  (page sequence 113)   Book:     Spix, J. P von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 2.   Text   Image

modifications on the frontiers of every province. The price of these animals, which is from twelve to five and twenty piastres, is hereby doubled and tripled by the time they get from this place to the northern capitanias of Bahia, Pernambuco, and Ceara, to which droves are sometimes led through the interior of Minas, particularly along the Rio de S. Francisco. Mules from Spanish America, which are much handsomer, taller and stronger, are but seldom seen in Brazil, their importation being prohibited. A

A560.2  (page sequence 211)   Book:     Spix, J. P von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 2.   Text   Image

202 TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. subordinate in it. A similar modification of granite occurs also in Brazil, namely, in the Serra do Mar, in the province of S. Paulo (according to Varnbagen's observation in Eschwege's Journal, vol. ii. p. 241.), and in several places of the capitania of Bahia. Note 5. The quartzy, granular mica-slate, elastic quartz, flexible sandstone, or quartz-slate of the Morro de Villa Rica, consists of a greyish and reddish white, not unfrequently smoky grey, fine and very fine