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O O Octopus P. Praya 5 Oily matter on sea Trop. Atlantic: 30 Oontharia do 31 Oxyopes (archi) R. de Jan 58 Ova B. Blanca 104 Obelia Falkland Isd 173 Ornithology Maldonado 177 do Port Desire 210 Octopus T. del F 218 Ornithology ─ (Cer… Vultures) Falkland Isd 239 do Chiloe 265 do Valparaiso 274 do Chonos archipel 310 other do 312 Onchidium 321 Onchidium .. do .. 322 Ornithology (Galapagos) 341
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A793.4
Beagle Library:
Kirby, William and Spence, William. 1815-26. An introduction to entomology. 4 vols. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green. vol. 4.
Text
. OCTOPOD (Octopus). Having eight legs. Ex. Araneid . [page] 34
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A793.4
Beagle Library:
Kirby, William and Spence, William. 1815-26. An introduction to entomology. 4 vols. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green. vol. 4.
Text
. Obumbratus, c, 351. Obversus, 299. Obvolvens, a, 328. c 334. Ocellus, 286. c cus, 287. spurius, 287. simplex, 287. complexus, 287. nictitans, 287. fenestratus, 287. dioptratus, 288. geminatus, 288. didymus, 288. sesquialterus, 288. Octopus, 343. Odoratus, 302. Olivaceus, 281. Opacus, 284. Opalinus, 283. Operculatus, h, 315. Orbiculatus, 264. Ordinatus, 292. h, 313. Orichalceus, 283. Ovaliformis, 268. Ovalis, 261. Ovatus, 261. Oviformis, 265. Pagina, 268. superior. inferior. Palatiformis, e
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A759.02
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1817. Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux. 4 vols. Paris: Deterville. vol. 2.
Text
beaucoup de moyens de se saisir de leur proie, ilsd truisent beaucoup de poissons. Leur chair se mange; leur encre s'emploie en peinture; on croit que la bonne encre de la Chine en est une esp ce. Les c phalopodes ne comprennent qu'un ordre que l'on divise en genres, d'apr s la nature de leur coquille. Ceux qui n'en ont pas d'ext rieure ne faisaient m me dans Linn us gu'un saul genre, LES SEICHES. (SEPIA. L.) Que l'on divise aujourd'hui comme il suit: LES POULPES. (OCTOPUS. Lam.) Polypus des
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A759.04
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1817. Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux. 4 vols. Paris: Deterville. vol. 4.
Text
divise en huit bras fourchus et dentel s presque l'infini, garnis chacun leur base de deux o reillettes galement dentel es; l'ombrelle a tout autour, dans l' paisseur de ses bords, un fin lacis de vaisseaux (1). Les C PH ES P ron, ne se distinguent des autres Rhi (1) C'est le pulmo marinus, Matth. Aldrov. Zooph. lib. IV, p. 575; le medusa pulmo, Gm. Macri, Polm. mar. l; le medusa octopus, B.; Borlase XXV, 15. Le potta marina, Aldrov. ib. p. 576, en est peut- tre uneautre esp ce. Je soupiconne l'
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A759.04
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1817. Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux. 4 vols. Paris: Deterville. vol. 4.
Text
apparens (les EUDORES, P r.) Lorsque ces animaux si simples prennent plus de concavit , leur surface inf rieure devient int rieure, et peut (1) Medusa ceph a, Forsk. XXIX; Encycl. XCII, 3, 4; med. octostyla, id. XXX; Encycl. ib. 4; med. ocellata, Modcer. nov. Act. Holm. 1791. (2) Med. frondosa, Pall. Spic. X, 11, 1, 5; medusa octopus, Gm.; Borlase, XXV, 16, 17; med. andromeda, Forsk. XXXI? med. corona, id. pag. 107 ? (3) Medusa proboscidalis, Forsk. XXXVI, I. (4) Medusa minima, Baster, Op. subs
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A759.04
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1817. Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux. 4 vols. Paris: Deterville. vol. 4.
Text
Portunus (Etrilles), c, 12. Potamides, b, 438. Potamophile, c, 18. Pongos, a, 111. Pouillot, a, 369. Poulains (Equula), b, 323. Poule, a, 444. Poules-d'eau (Gallinula), a, 501. Poulpes (Octopus), b, 362. Poumon, a, 43. Poupart ou Tourteau, c, 14. Poux (Pediculus), c, 163. proprement dits, 164. Poux de mer ou Asile, c, 55. Pourpres (Purpura), b, 436. Pranizes (Praniza), c, 54. Premi re grande division du r gne animal, a, 62. Premi re classe des animaux vert br s, a, 70. Premnades (Premnas), b
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A794.03
Beagle Library:
Kotzebue, Otto von. 1821. A voyage of discovery, into the South Sea and Beering's Straits, for the purpose of exploring a north-east passage, undertaken in the years 1815-1818, at the expense of his highness the chancellor of the empire, Count Romanzoff, in the ship Rurick, under the command of the lieutenant in the Russian imperial navy. Translated by H. E. Lloyd. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 3.
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. In the sea which washes the Aleutian islands, animals of the same class are no less numerous, at least, as far as concerns the number of the individuals, and many of the species are not less gigantic than in that zone, but the production of lime-stone does not take place. Among the Mollusc , the cuttle-fish, (Sepia octopus?) which is the most remarkable, grows to a size, that really renders it dangerous to the small baydares of the natives, as it is able to overturn them, and justifies, in some
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A743.17
Beagle Library:
Bory de Saint-Vincent, Jean Baptiste Georges Marie, ed. 1822-31. Dictionnaire classique d'histoire naturelle. 17 vols. Paris: Rey & Gravier. vol. 17.
Text
Fig. 1. OCTOPUS CIRRHOSUS. Fig. 2. SEPIOLA RONDELETI. Fig.3. LEACHIA CYCLURA. Fig.4. LOLIGO CARIB A. [page 231
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A773.01
Beagle Library:
Fleming, John. 1822. The philosophy of zoology; or, A general view of the structure,
functions, and classification of animals. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co. vol. 1.
Text
CONTENTS OF VOL. II. Order II. SEPIAD . 1. Head surrounded with eight arms and two feet. Sepia. Loligo. 2. Head surrounded with eight arms without feet. Octopus. Eledona. Ocythoe. 431 Class II. Pteropoda. Description. Tunic. Fins. Aerating Organs. 440 I. With a shell Limacina. Hyalea. 443 II. Destitute of a shell. A. Fins double. Pneumodermon. Clio. Cleodora, 444 B. Fin single. Cymbulia. 446 Section II. GASTEROPODA. Description. Cloak. Foot. Neck. Head. Snout. Tongue. ib. Class I. Pulmonifera
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A773.02
Beagle Library:
Fleming, John. 1822. The philosophy of zoology; or, A general view of the structure,
functions, and classification of animals. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co. vol. 2.
Text
systemic veins are somewhat enlarged, and assume the appearance of auricles. The two pulmonary, or rather the systemic veins, enter the heart at the opposite side, each at the termination being furnished with a valvular organization. The systemic heart is white and fleshy, and differs according to the genera in its form, being in the Octopus semicircular, but in the Loligo and Sepia lobed. Besides giving rise to a large aorta, or principal artery, two smaller ones likewise proceed from its
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A743.14
Beagle Library:
Bory de Saint-Vincent, Jean Baptiste Georges Marie, ed. 1822-31. Dictionnaire classique d'histoire naturelle. 17 vols. Paris: Rey & Gravier. vol. 14.
Text
dans les mers d'Europe. POULPE GRANULEUX, Octopus granulatus, Lamk., Anim. sans vert. T. VII, p. 658, n. 2; ibid., Lamk., loc. cit., p. 20, ou Sepia rugosa? Bosc, Act. Soc. Hist. natur., p. 24, tab. 5, fig. 1, 2. POULPE CIRRHEUX, Octopus cirrhosus, Lamk., loc. cit., n. 3; ibid., M m., p. 21, pl. 1, fig: 2, a, b. Esp ce fort rare dont on ignore la patrie. POULPE MUSQU , Octopus moschatus, Lamk., loc. cit., n. 4; ibid., M m., pl. 2, 1; Rondelet, Pis., p. 373. Troisi me esp ce de Poulpe un seul
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A743.14
Beagle Library:
Bory de Saint-Vincent, Jean Baptiste Georges Marie, ed. 1822-31. Dictionnaire classique d'histoire naturelle. 17 vols. Paris: Rey & Gravier. vol. 14.
Text
vulgaris; cela para t peu probable, et surtout que toutes soient de la m me mer. POULPE COMMUN, Octopus vulgaris, Lamk., M m. de la Soci t. d'Hist. natur., p. 18; Encycl., pl. 76, fig. 1, 2; Sepia Octopus, L., Gmel., p. 3149 n. 1; Polypus Octopus, Rondelet, Pis., p. 513, tr s-commun [page] 25
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A743.17
Beagle Library:
Bory de Saint-Vincent, Jean Baptiste Georges Marie, ed. 1822-31. Dictionnaire classique d'histoire naturelle. 17 vols. Paris: Rey & Gravier. vol. 17.
Text
fr quemment la poissonnerie de Marseille, o elle fournit, avec les petits Calmars appel s S pions, un mets assez estim . F. 1. POULPE CIRRHEUX, Octopus cirrhosus, Lamk. V. T. XIV, P. 249. (D..H.) [page] 12
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A773.02
Beagle Library:
Fleming, John. 1822. The philosophy of zoology; or, A general view of the structure,
functions, and classification of animals. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co. vol. 2.
Text
Head surrounded with Eight Arms without Feet. The suckers have soft margins. The sac is destitute of fin-like expansions, and is either simple or strengthened in the interior by two short corneous processes. The head is united with the sac behind, without the intervention of a neck. a. Arms all equal in Size. 3. OCTOPUS. Suckers arranged in a double row. The suckers are sessile. The oviduct is double. The margin of the anus is simple. The Sepia octopodia of LIN. is the type of the genus. 4
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A743.14
Beagle Library:
Bory de Saint-Vincent, Jean Baptiste Georges Marie, ed. 1822-31. Dictionnaire classique d'histoire naturelle. 17 vols. Paris: Rey & Gravier. vol. 14.
Text
valu. Les Hydres actuels sont les Serpens d'eau (V. HYDRE), ceux de l' cole d'Upsal sont 1 es Polypes dont il a t question plus haut (V. POLYPE), et les Polypes d'Aristote, d'Ovide ou de Rondelet, sont le Sepia octopus des premiers syst matiques, ou l' Octopus vulgaris de Lamarck, repr sent dans la pl. 76, fig. 1 et 2 de l'Encyclop die m thodique. V, POULPES. Les Polypes sont pour Lamarck la seconde classe des Animaux sans vert bres; ce savant les caract rise ainsi: Animaux g latineux, corps
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A773.02
Beagle Library:
Fleming, John. 1822. The philosophy of zoology; or, A general view of the structure,
functions, and classification of animals. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co. vol. 2.
Text
its inner surface. Its narrow end terminates without any valvular structure in. the pulmonary artery. In the genus Octopus, the lateral hearts are naked; but in the genera Loligo and Sepia, there is suspended from each, by a slender footstalk, a spongy round body, which is concave beneath. The footstalk consists of fibres, which are attached to the surface of the heart, but there is no communication by ducts or vessels. The use of this organ is unknown. The animals of this class continually
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A773.02
Beagle Library:
Fleming, John. 1822. The philosophy of zoology; or, A general view of the structure,
functions, and classification of animals. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co. vol. 2.
Text
out of the body at the funnel-form opening in the throat. The female organs of generation consist of an ovarium and oviduct. The ovarium is a glandular sac, to which the ova are attached by footstalks. The opening by which they issue from the ovarium is wide, and the oviduct (in the Octopus vulgaris and Loligo sagittata), after continu [page] 42
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A773.02
Beagle Library:
Fleming, John. 1822. The philosophy of zoology; or, A general view of the structure,
functions, and classification of animals. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co. vol. 2.
Text
of Mr CRANCH), he placed two living specimens in a vessel of sea-water; the animals very soon protruded their arms, and swam on and below the surface, having all the actions of the common Polypus (octopus) of our seas; by means of their suckers, they adhered firmly to any substance with which they came in contact, and when sticking to the sides of the basin, the shell might easily be withdrawn from the animal. They had the power of completely withdrawing within the shell, and of leaving it
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A743.03
Beagle Library:
Bory de Saint-Vincent, Jean Baptiste Georges Marie, ed. 1822-31. Dictionnaire classique d'histoire naturelle. 17 vols. Paris: Rey & Gravier. vol. 3.
Text
- loign es qui ont une semblable inflerescence. L'expression de Chaton, en latin Amentum, se traduit aussi par les termes Catulus et lulus. Les an i ns se sont servis du mot Nueamentum. qui signifie litt ralement Chaton du Noy r. (G.. N.) CHATOUILLE. POIS. M me chose que Chatillon.V. ce mot. (B.) * CHATOUILLE OU CHTROUILLE. MOLL. Noms Vulgaires du Sepia octopus au Havre. V POULPE. (B.) CHATOYANTE. REPT. OPH. Petite esp ce europ enne du genre Couleuvre. V. Ce mot. (B.) CHATOYANTES. MIN. Les effets de
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A743.12
Beagle Library:
Bory de Saint-Vincent, Jean Baptiste Georges Marie, ed. 1822-31. Dictionnaire classique d'histoire naturelle. 17 vols. Paris: Rey & Gravier. vol. 12.
Text
: Argonaute, Bell rophe, Poulpe, El don et Calmaret; ce dernier genre avec un point de doute. V. ces mots. F russac l'avait d'abord plac avec les S ches ou C phalopodes dans ses Tableaux des Animaux Mollusques. (D.. H.) OCTOPUS. MOLL. V. POULPE. OCTOSPORA. BOT. CRYPT. (Champignons.) Hedwig avait donn ce nom au genre Peziza de Linn , adopt par tous les botanistes. Le nom d'Hedwig tait fond sur ce que les th ques de ces Champignons renferment presque toujours huit sporules. V. PEZIZE. (AD. B.) OCUL ES
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A743.14
Beagle Library:
Bory de Saint-Vincent, Jean Baptiste Georges Marie, ed. 1822-31. Dictionnaire classique d'histoire naturelle. 17 vols. Paris: Rey & Gravier. vol. 14.
Text
. Ce nom, qui para t signifier grosses Poules, a t appliqu , par le j suite Acosta, au Vautour Urubu, d'o peut- tre le nom de Gallinaze. V. ce mot. (B.) POULPE. Octopus. MOLL. Ce genre est un de ceux dont la connaissance remonte une haute antiquit , puisqu'Aristote l'a mentionn d'une mani re toute particuli re. Ce p re de la science en a fait une histoire assez compl te, et il est entr dans des d tails anatomiques tellement exacts, que les naturalistes plus modernes ont eu peu y ajouter. Nous
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A743.01
Beagle Library:
Bory de Saint-Vincent, Jean Baptiste Georges Marie, ed. 1822-31. Dictionnaire classique d'histoire naturelle. 17 vols. Paris: Rey & Gravier. vol. 1.
Text
lequel on a quelquefois d sign le Tapir. (B.) ANE. POIS. Syn. de Cottus Gobio, L. V. COTTE. (B.) ANE. MOLL. Nom vulgaire donn plusieurs Coquilles. Le Petit-Ane est le Cypr a Asellus, L. La Peau- d'Ane est le Cypr a caurica, L. V. PORCELAINE. L'Ane ray ou le Z bre est une belle esp ce du genre Agathine de Lamarck, le Bulimus Zebra de Brugui re, qui d pend de notre genre H lice et du sousgenre Cochlitome. V. ce mot. (F.) On a aussi donn le nom d'ANE MARIN au S pias octopus, L. V. POULPE. (LAM..X
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A743.03
Beagle Library:
Bory de Saint-Vincent, Jean Baptiste Georges Marie, ed. 1822-31. Dictionnaire classique d'histoire naturelle. 17 vols. Paris: Rey & Gravier. vol. 3.
Text
de la terre de Witt. CASSIOP E BORLASE, Cassiopea Borlasea. P r. et Les. An. t. 14, p. 355, n 81. Medusa octopus, Gmel. Syst. Nat. p. 3157, n 27. C'est la plus grande Cassiop e de celles que l'on conna t, son ombrelle est orbiculaire, aplatie, lisse, festonn e son rebord. Elle a huit bouches s mi-1unaires, huit bras perfoli s dans leur longueur, tri dres leur pointe. A leur centre se trouvent vingt-quatre cotyles polymorphes, r unis en une sorte de houpe; sa couleur est hyalino-verd tre avec le
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A560
Beagle Library:
Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.
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Hippocampus; Lophius piscatorius; Mur na Anguilla; Uranoscopus scaber; Blennius viviparus; Cottus Scorpius; Scorp na horrida; Zeus Faber; Pleuronectes hippoglossus, maximus, Solen, Flesus; Sparus Sargus, auratus; Scarus et Labrus, div. spec. Lutianus Linkii; Trigla Cuculus, Hirundo; Scomber Thynnus trachurus; Mugil, n. sp. MOLLUscA: Loligo octopus; Aplysia depilans, fusca; Ascidia mentula, conchylega, n. sp. vesiculosa, appendicibus numerosis; Thetis Coriacea. CONCHYL. Patella sanguinea; Fissurella
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A560
Beagle Library:
Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.
Text
NOTE 3. We have not yet any Fauna or Flora of tin island of Malta. As a contribution towards it, we will enumerate the following animals and plants, which came under our observation: AMPHIBIA: Testudo Mydas; Coluber, indeterm. PISCES: Raja clavata; Squalus Canicula; Uranoscopus scaber; Scomber Pelamys; Trigla Cuculus; Esox Sphyr na; Mur na Helena. MOLLUSCA: Sepia Loligo, octopus; Anomia Cepe. INSECTA: Ateuchus sacer; Pimelia bipunctata; Acheta umbraculata; Meloe l vigata. Forskol, in his Flora
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A768.1
Beagle Library:
Lesson, René-Primevère and Garnot, Prosper. 1826-30. Zoologie. Voyage autour du monde, ex́́ecuté par ordre du Roi, sur la corvette de Sa Majesté, la Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825. Paris: Arthus Bertrand. vol. 2 part 1.
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CHAPITRE XI. MOLLUSQUES, ANN LIDES ET VERS: Par R.-P. LESSON. I. MOLLUSQUES. 1. POULPE BLANC. Octopus niveus, LESS. (Pl. 1, fig. 1 et 1 bis, g. n.) A. Ventouses vues de face: B. Les m mes vues de profit Ce poulpe, dessin de grandeur naturelle, se distingue ais ment de toutes les esp ces connues, d'apr s les figures du moins, par la minceur et la longueur des bras, relativement au volume du sac terminal, au renflement c phalique, puis au peu d'ampleur du repli membraneux qui unit les bras leur
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A768.1
Beagle Library:
Lesson, René-Primevère and Garnot, Prosper. 1826-30. Zoologie. Voyage autour du monde, ex́́ecuté par ordre du Roi, sur la corvette de Sa Majesté, la Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825. Paris: Arthus Bertrand. vol. 2 part 1.
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de l' le de Borabora, o les naturels le recherchent pour s'en nourrir. Comme ses cong n res, il demeure au fond de l'eau, car, priv d'ailes, il ne nage point, et sa locomotion est une reptation l'aide des bras. C'est six jusqu' quinze brasses de profondeur qu'il se tient, sur le sable et dans les interstices des coraux. M. de Lamarck n'admet que les octopus vulgaris, granulatus, cirrhosus et moschatus. M. de F russac y ajoute les octopus Backerii, longipes et Peronii; mais ces diverses esp ces
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A768.1
Beagle Library:
Lesson, René-Primevère and Garnot, Prosper. 1826-30. Zoologie. Voyage autour du monde, ex́́ecuté par ordre du Roi, sur la corvette de Sa Majesté, la Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825. Paris: Arthus Bertrand. vol. 2 part 1.
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la repr sente en outre d'un rouge rose peine ponctu de viol tre. Il est vrai que c'est par la face inf rieure qu'elle est vue, et que cette face est toujours de teinte plus claire chez toutes les esp ces. C'est dans le havre de Dor ry que nous reneontr mes ce c phalopode, sur les m urs duquel nous ne poss dons aucun d'tail. Nous avons d'pos au Mus um quelques autres esp ces de c phalopodes, entre autres un poulpe gris tre du genre octopus des c tes du P rou, un calmar pris dans l'oc an
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A768.1
Beagle Library:
Lesson, René-Primevère and Garnot, Prosper. 1826-30. Zoologie. Voyage autour du monde, ex́́ecuté par ordre du Roi, sur la corvette de Sa Majesté, la Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825. Paris: Arthus Bertrand. vol. 2 part 1.
Text
.; le de Borabora. 234 Pl. 38. Cr nilabre de Chabrol, Crenilabrus Chabrolii, LESS.; le Maurice. 133 MOLLUSQUES. Pl. 1. Fig. 1. Poulpe blanc, Octopus niveus, LESS. 239 Fig. 1 bis. Le m me vu en dessous. A. Ventouses vues de face. B. Les m mes vues de profil. Fig. 2. Calmar d'Oualan, Loligo oualaniensis, LESS. 240 E. Le m me vu en dessous. F. Rudiment corn interne. G. Bec corn vu de face et de profil. Fig. 3. Onychoteuthe de Lesson, Onychoteuthis Lessonii, de F RUSS. 241 C. Ventouses vues de face. D
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A761.12
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 12: Mollusca and Radiata.
Text
beaten with sticks to render it digestible. This is done by the Greek sailors for more than half an hour before they cook the octopus. Octopi are found in all parts of the globe, but perhaps more particularly in the seas of warm climates. Peron and Lesueur have observed them in the seas of New Holland. The common octopus seems to extend even as far as Greenland, though it is but rarely found there. The distinction of species is not easy, and has not perhaps hitherto sufficiently occupied the
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A761.16
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 16: Tabular view of classification; index.
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1. Octopus Lam. Polypus, AristotleEledone, Arist. Sepia octopodla, L. Octopus moschatus, Lam. 2. Argonata, Lin. Nautilus Pompilus of the ancients 3 Bellerophon (Fossil) B. vasulites, Montf 4 Loligo, Lam. Sepia loligo, Lin. 5 Onykia, Lesusur. On. cariboea, Lesueur. 6 Sepiola, Cuv. Sepia sepiola, Lin. 7 Chondrosepia, Leukard. Chon. Loligiformis, Leukard 8. Sepia, prop. Lam. Sepia officinalis, Lin. Commoncuttle II. Nautilus 1. Sepia Lam. N. spiruia, L. Rams-horn 2. Nautilius prop. Cuv. N
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A761.12
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 12: Mollusca and Radiata.
Text
continually filled by the tentacular cirrhi of the edges of its mantle, would permit it? The habitation of an octopus is discernible by the debris of shells and of fish, the flesh of which it has eaten. It has also been asserted, absurdly enough, that when pushed by hunger it will gnaw its arms, which possess the singular property of shooting forth again. But Aristotle and Pliny, more justly, attribute the fact of octopi being often found which have some few appendages less than usual, to
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A761.12
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 12: Mollusca and Radiata.
Text
certain loligines, globular, as in octopus, it is often compressed more or less strongly on the sides, as in scyll a, and particularly in all the lamellibranch acephala. It may also be very much elongated and claviform, as in the teredo and neighbouring genera. In many cephala a large portion of the body is rolled, like the shell, into a spiral more or less elevated, and of different forms. In fine, the form may be so irregular that the animal scarcely appears symmetrical externally, as is the case
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A761.12
Beagle Library:
Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 12: Mollusca and Radiata.
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, enlace, and draw in their prey. They sometimes, however, do this more openly; in fact, Belon informs us that he saw an octopus fighting for more than an hour with a crab, in the port of Corcyra. Aristotle says that this animal has the faculty of changing colour, and assuming that of the bodies which surround it, and this for the purpose of more easily catching fish: he adds, that it does so likewise when under the influence of fear, and at the same time it darts its ink, the colour of which is
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number is considerable, and the united mass which they form is much greater than the part of the body from which it issued. This shows that these eggs are like those of many other aquatic animals, which swell considerably after they have been ejected. It is always in some hole or cleft of the rocks that the octopus deposits its eggs: Aristotle had already made this observation when he said that the octopus seeks a convenient place for the deposition of her eggs, such as the interior of a shell
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of the sepi , the young ones are in possession of all their faculties on issuing forth from the egg. We are not precisely acquainted with the duration of the life of the octopi. Aristotle says in a general manner that it is not long, and that the major part of them only live two years; that then they grow soft, become decomposed, and are, as it were, annihilated. But it seems by no means probable that an octopus, whose egg is of such small dimensions, can, in two years, attain to the size at
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was preserved of the body weighed seven hundred pounds. There are other traits still more curious in the history of this most marvellous octopus. It was observed at Castera, in B tica, in Spain, and was accustomed to come forth from the sea into the reservoirs or depots for salted fish, c. and devour those provisions. The pertinacity of its robberies at length aroused the indignation of the keepers; they built very lofty palisades, but all in vain, this persevering polypus succeeded in getting
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HECTOCOTYLES, Cuv. Long worms, more thick and compressed, at the anterior extremity where the mouth is situated, whose inferior face is altogether furnished with suckers, ranged in pairs, and of a very considerable number, sixty or an hundred, and which support at the posterior extremity a sac filled with the convolutions of the oviduct. The Mediterranean possesses a species four and five inches in length, with four hundred cuppers, which inhabits the octopus, and penetrates into its flesh
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In the CUBOIDES, it is the emboxed one which is small and bell-formed. The other is much larger and square. In NAVICULA, the emboxed one is bell-formed; the other is equally large, but shaped like a shoe. There are also several other combinations. FOURTH CLASS OF THE ZOOPHYTES. THE POLYPI HAVE been thus named, because the tentacula which surround their mouth give them some slight resemblance to the octopus, which the ancients called polypus. The form and number of these tentacula vary. The
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Those which have no external shell, according to Linn us, formed but the single genus, SEPIA, Lin., Which is now divided as follows: OCTOPUS, Lam. Polypus of the ancients. But two small conical granules, of a horny substance, on the two sides, of the thickness of the back; the sac, having no fins, resembles an oval purse; eight feet, all of which are about equal, very large in proportion to the body, and united at base by a membrane; they are employed by the animal in swimming, crawling, and
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ELEDON, Aristotle, Have but a single row of cups along each foot. One of them, the Poulpe musqu , Lam., M m. de la Soc. d'Hist. Nat., 4to. pl. ii.; Rondelet, 516; is found in the Mediterranean, and is remarkable for its musky odour. Argonauta, Lin. Octopi with two rows of cups; the pair of feet which are nearest to the back being dilated at the extremity into a broad membrane. The two cartilaginous granules of the common octopus are wanting; but these mollusca are always found in a very thin
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-divided according to the number and armature of the feet, and the form of the fins. LOLIGOPSIS, Lam., Or the Calmarets, should have but eight feet, as in Octopus. They are only known, however, by drawings of but little authority. In the true loligo the long arms are furnished with cups like the other tentacula, and the fins are placed near the point of the sac. Three species are found in the European seas. L. vulgaris; Sepia loligo; L. Rondel, 506; Salv. 169. Fins forming a rhomb at the bottom of
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it is certainly an octopus, with simple arms and a single range of suckers. He speaks of the shell which now constitutes the genus nautilus only as a cochleid, vulgarly called margaritiferous, and blames Belon strongly, and in a very unsuitable manner, for having supposed that this could be a species of nautilus. Gesner, in his article nautilus, compares, according to his custom, with much care, all that has been said by the ancient Greek and Latin authors, adding what he found in Belon and
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scarcely compare to any thing but filaments of small thickness, fixed at one of their extremities, by means of a sort of sucker, and provided on the other with a crown of cirrhi, or tentacula, more attenuated than the finest hairs, to the number of ten or more, and possessed of extreme contractility. This disposition of the tentacula and even their uses, caused these little animals to be compared to the polypi of the ancients, now denominated octopus, and occasioned Reaumur to give them the name of
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octopus, sepia, and loligo, it forms a sort of purse or very thick sheath, open at the lower circumference of the neck, and it is through this aperture that the water penetrates into the branchial cavity which it constitutes. In the conchyliferous acephala, the part of the skin which covers the viscera is excessively slender; it thickens gradually towards the edges of the mantle, and forms round the pedicle which joins the foot to the visceral mass a sort of ring, more slender behind, much thicker
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of a sort of hydrostatic bladder, as the janthin and others, by unfurling a sort of sail, formed by the salient edge of the mantle, or by some widened appendage, while they row with others, as is related of the argonaut . In the first instance, it appears that the animal is always at the surface of the water, for it cannot make the bladder re-enter, which is subcartilaginous. In the second, the octopus can, it is said, at will, develope its sail and oars, or refold them within the shell, which
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fifteen days. After the laying, the female herself sheds her ink upon her eggs, which turns them from white to black, and causes them to increase in bulk. It is then that the male bedews them with the seminal liquor; a fact, he adds, which, though not having been observed but with regard to the sepia, ought, however, very probably be extended to the loligo and octopus. We have just said, that according to the same author, it is this fluid which unites the eggs, and gives to them the appearance of a
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equality of its tone, its warmth, and even its tint, called sepia. But it is more than probable, notwithstanding all that has been said on the subject, that it does not enter into the composition of the China-ink, or as we more generally call it, Indian-ink, which, as it is now understood, is formed of lamp-black, extremely divided, and mixed with a certain quantity of gum, and aromatized with some substance with which we are not precisely acquainted. The genus OCTOPUS closely approximates to
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what is found in the common octopi. Pliny also mentions the thing too clearly to admit of a doubt: he says, however, that the membrane exists between two of the arms only. He adds a tail, so that the animal is completely equipped with sails, oars, and helm. lian, Athen us, and Oppian, though they have a little modified what Aristotle has said respecting this navigating octopus, rather follow him than Pliny, since they say nothing about the tail. Belon, Rondelet, Gesner, Aldrovandus, and his
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