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Secondly from the cowslip 16 plants raised, showing a regular transition from ordinary cowslip to the Claygate oxlip, even a little nearer to the caulescent primrose than the oxlip. — Of the 16, 10 very close to true cowlsip; 2 to Primula veris var. major — 4 to Primula veris var. intermedia. (I do not know that this is much opposed to Hybridisation view.) Conclusions: seeds of a cowslip can produce cowslips oxlips. — seeds of an oxlip can produce cowslips oxlips primroses. The transition from
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CUL-DAR108.9
Note:
[Undated]
conclusions Bardfield Oxlip / often happens with primula is is difficult
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8 flowers of common long-styled Primrose were fert by pollen of long-styled Bardfield oxlip yielded only 1 pod with 25 seed, as plant was not carefully castrated this might possibly have been effect of own long-styled pollen Now in paper on oxlips it has been shown that 8 fl. of long-styled common Primrose fertilise by pollen of long-styled common oxlip yielded 8 pods. (max. 22, minimum 7) with average of 12.7 seed, so that great difference between the 2 kinds of oxlips in this cross— nor is
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recorded described in Books. — So H.C. Watson is a hostile witness. — says the vars. by diligent search may be found wild, — may be raised by anybody, — may be seen in many gardens. — p. 147. Further Report of experiments on the cowslip oxlip by H.C. Watson. marked in garden an ordinary cowslip Claygate oxlip. (P. vulgaris var. intermedia of Lond. Cat.) growing near each other, got their seeds. — From Clay—gate oxlip raised 14 plants flowered scarcely 2 alike (some of them flowered in 1847
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CUL-DAR108.81
Figure:
[Undated]
Primula veris L sp Pl 204 included both cowslip & Primrose, cowslip, primrose, Primula veris, Bentham, Koch
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [81] Primula veris L. sp. Pl. 204 included both Cowslip Primrose his basis were α officinalis β elatior γ acaulis Benth. makes all one species P. veris L distings. P. vulgaris Brit. Fl. = Primrose laevis, Brit. Fl. = Cowslip elatior. [do] — = Oxlip. Continent (Koch) calls Primrose P. acaulis. Jacq. Misc. 1 158 Cowslip P. officinalis Jacq. l.c. 159
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CUL-DAR108.9
Note:
[Undated]
conclusions Bardfield Oxlip / often happens with primula is is difficult
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 2 Conclusions Bardfield Oxlips often happens with primula is is difficult to value the degree of sterility. But the sterility of these illegitimate unions is clearly shown by the small percentage of pods produced. I (Both forms spont. produced a very few pods, some with no seed, 6 with seed had on average only 7.8 seed. (Eight flowers, long-styled, were legitimately fert. by short-styled common oxlip gave only one pod with 4 seed, these might have
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CUL-DAR73.106-113
Abstract:
[Undated]
Godley; Newman; Henslow; Bromfield `Phytologist' 3: 180; 180; 651; 693
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Darwin Online [106] Phytol. vol. 3. p. 180. Mr Godfrey gathered seed from common cowslip isolated in field 36 seedlings raised all came true. (Of course because parent left growing in its own pasture: this though so foolish as argument against variation, is rather good evidence of effect of garden on the production of vars.) p. 180. Mr Edward Newman having planted the Bardfield Oxlip = Primula Jacquinii without any particular precautions near other vars, raised 8 seedlings which came all
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CUL-DAR73.106-113
Abstract:
[Undated]
Godley; Newman; Henslow; Bromfield `Phytologist' 3: 180; 180; 651; 693
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Dr Bromfield remarks the cowslip may be regarded as a contracted, so to speak concentrated form of the primrose. It seems proved that the seeds of the primrose are capable of producing cowslip every intermediate grade between these two, or in other words, all the puzzling vars. to which we give the name of oxlip. — also that roots of the primrose have been seen bearing both cowslips oxlips along with their own proper flowers, yet the tendency to metamorphosis wd appear to be very strongly
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CUL-DAR74.55-64,66-103
Abstract:
[Undated]
19 / [reference incomplete] `Horticultural Transactions'
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much undulated as those of the parent so that Cryptogamic plants vary are hereditary like others. p. 358 Mr Gibbs has produced a great number of beautiful variations from the Cowslip; yet none of the specimens appeared to have lost the general character appearance of the Cowslip not running into the oxlip or Primrose, but some had become Hose in Hose . Henslow sowed Primrose?? not cowslip - No. V. p. 18 p. 378 Mr C. Strachan in his Account of the different varieties of the Onion says the [63v
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online (13) (13 Primula elatior. — Bardfield oxlip— Planted in glass. Aug 24th 6. P.m Seed from Long-styled,— Legitimately crossed Long-styled, illegitimately crossed Short-styled, Legitimately crossed Nov. 3d one germ: Nov 27th a second. — Short-styled, Illegitimately crossed
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A505.2
Beagle Library:
Lyell, Charles. 1830. Principles of geology, being an attempt to explain the former changes of the earth's surface, by reference to causes now in operation. 3 vols. London: John Murray. vol. 2.
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effect of certain soils on the colours of the petals. In garden-mould or compost, the flowers are invariably red; in some kinds of bog-earth they are blue; and the same change is always produced by a particular sort of yellow loam. Linn eus was of opinion that the primrose, oxlip, cowslip, and polyanthus, were only varieties of the same species. The majority of modern botanists, on the contrary, consider them to be distinct, although some conceived that the oxlip might be a cross between the
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CUL-DAR73.78-81
Abstract:
[Undated]
`Phytologist' 1: 40, 95-96, 204, 296; Watson H.C; [Notices] `Phytologist' 2 1845: 218ff, 852-853; 463
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this: what is wanted is to see what will come from either primrose cowslip when planted separate. — p. 296. Mr Brichan remarks that he thinks the most acute observer cd not distinguish by the leaves three species of Pyrola, viz. P. minor, media, rotundifolia. 1845. Vol. 2 p. 218. H. C. Watson Report of an experiment on the Cowslip Primrose. — seed, from Primula vulgaris var. intermedia of London Catalogue; distributed by Bot. Soc as oxlip No 2. (this shows it is different from common oxlip
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CUL-DAR73.78-81
Abstract:
[Undated]
`Phytologist' 1: 40, 95-96, 204, 296; Watson H.C; [Notices] `Phytologist' 2 1845: 218ff, 852-853; 463
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p. 853. sowed seeds of cowslip 26 seedlings, as far as can be ascertained all show leaves of cowslip but the three flowery examples differ considerably in their coralles from the wild cowslip — what are a third or a half-way towards those of the jasmine in size, form colour — they are intermediate between cowslip oxlip no. 2 (see above) — these three seedlings resemble each other in their flowers. — 8
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CUL-DAR73.78-81
Abstract:
[Undated]
`Phytologist' 1: 40, 95-96, 204, 296; Watson H.C; [Notices] `Phytologist' 2 1845: 218ff, 852-853; 463
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characteristic of species — very slight differences being overlooked from analogy.) p. 204. several notices unimportant on cowslip primrose; the only tolerable theory except variation is that the oxlip is a hybrid between primrose cowslip, but the great variation in the first generation, some going back to parent form is opposed to 7
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sign of modification, in the 765 plants thus raised treated. The cowslips in Peat of gigantic size: those in one of clay-beds small, yet not a hairs difference in structure.— I, also, raised a few others in Green-house Kept under unnatural treatment, but all remained true.— Ap. 27. 62. I have just compared the oxlips in corner of big-wood, whence as I got the seeds last year now coming up in the K. Garden. well true Bardfield oxlip— or P. Elatior— has very different appearance.— (My oxlip has
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one truss whole pistil especially stigma quite atrophied minute! I examined some Polyanthus flowers from Cattell's yellow centre: petals chocolate-red edged with yellow— males females with same differences in pollen stigma as in cowslips.— Of two kinds of oxlip from Cattell one was male the other female. May 13 My children gathered great bunch of Cowslips 79 w stalks were male flowers, 52 were female flowers (In sand-walk proportion reversed)— I rather strongly suspect that female stalks are apt
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F1583
Book:
Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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Names of seedlings produced Seed from P. veris produced (cowslip) Seed from P. veris, var. major produced (oxlip) Seed from P. vulgaris an intermedia produced (Claygate oxlip)1 Seed from P. vulgaris produced (primrose) Seed from P. Jacquinii = P. elatior of Jacq. Produced (Bardfield oxlip) P. veris (common cowslip) 412 9 P. veris var. major of Lond. 30 21 Cat. (oxlip) (3 being hose-in-hose) P. veris approaching Polyanthus (oxlip) (some hose-in- hose) some dark-coloured 13 20 P. vulgaris var
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F1583
Book:
Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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took the seed of some cowslips growing in a shady part of his garden, raised seedlings which varied considerably, approaching more or less closely to certain wild oxlips which Prof Henslow had observed ; one was a perfect primrose . These experiments were not thought sufficient;1 that most critical observer Mr. H. C. Watson raised at several periods many seedlings, from the cowslip, (P. veris), from a Claygate oxlip, from an oxlip, truly intermediate in most points, but with/72/the primrose
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F1583
Book:
Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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between P. veris vulgaris grows by thousands in places within many leagues of which the P. vulgaris is absolutely unknown .1 so it must be with the oxlip from its Northern range in Russia; so with the oxlip (or P. Jacquinii) of Bardfield, round which place the primrose does not occur for some miles .2 Lastly, I may venture to say that I speak after a careful study of all well ascertained facts on Hybridism, there is no known instance of one species fertilised by the pollen of another species
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F1583
Book:
Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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intermediate oxlip-forms the cowslip, the Bardfield oxlip. It is, perhaps, the most probable view that the common oxlips are varieties of the cowslip, easily reverting back towards the primrose; some of the forms having been complicated by crosses with either the primrose or cowslip. I have entered into this case with great detail because, considering the structure habitat, range in height latitude, apparent infertility of the two forms, the many careful experiments made on them, this seems the
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F1583
Book:
Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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single hybrid between these two forms, whence he concludes that they are distinct: Herbert succeeded with Anagallis collina; if Gaertner had shown that he could artificially fertilise either variety with its own pollen one would then have had more confidence in his result. The most interesting case on record is that of the Primrose, common oxlip Bardfield oxlip cowslip (Primula vulgaris elatior veris). These plants differ, as everyone knows, in their flowers foliage habit; they all three differ
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F1583
Book:
Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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, the lessened fertility has been thus caused; if we add to these cases, those of the primrose, cowslip, oxlip, of the anagallis all leguminous plants, it cannot possibly be any longer pretended that we have evidence worth anything on the infertility of a vast number of related forms, which are universally acknowledged to be distinct species, but which when crossed are in some degree fertile together. As for myself I believe in the very general infertility of even closely related species when
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F1583
Book:
Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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, 106, 134 n 1, 135 Fleeting variations not varieties, 104, 137, 159, 160 Primrose and oxlip ascend to different heights, 128 n 7 Range and abundance of species, 142 table Varieties of species from large and small genera, 150 table, 152 table, 163, 169; Smaller genera of Labiatae have more varieties, 156 n 1 Bosse, Species of Passiflora more easily fertilised by pollen of allied species, 400 n 2 Bouches, M. C. Iris germanica converted to allied species, 127 Bourgoing, Jean Francois de Annual
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F1583
Book:
Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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is indigenous : Messrs. Bentham Hooker inform me that in the East, the primrose is found only in the Caucasus; that the oxlip ranges from the Caucasus to about the latitude of Moscow the Cowslip from the Caucasus to four degrees northwards to the latitude of St. Petersburgh.1 Lastly Gaertner laboriously experimentised on these several forms during four years, actually castrated crossed no less than 170 flowers, yet strange to say he only twice succeeded in getting any good yet scanty seed2
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F1583
Book:
Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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Kolreuter is in error, concludes that these are true species. I need not here do more than to recall to mind that Gaertner after the most persevering effort concluded that, Primula veris, acaulis, elatior, (the primrose, cowslip oxlip) are good distinct species, from being highly infertile one with another; that Anagallis arvensis coerulae, tried on 19 flowers were absolutely sterile! I must believe that these experiments failed from causes analogous with those which prevented his entire success
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F1583
Book:
Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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.), and P. elatior Jacq.; and on the hybrid nature of the common Oxlip. With Supplementary remarks on naturally produced hybrids in the genus Verbascum.' Linn. Soc. Lond. J. 10, Bot. (1868), 437-54. IV, introd., note 1.] ed. The Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle under the command of Captain Fitzroy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836. Published with the approval of the Lords Commissioners of her Majesty's Treasury. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., Sec. G.S
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F1583
Book:
Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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their Management. London, 1851. VI, 44. IX, 88 a. Ornamental and Domestic Poultry: their history and management. London, 1848. IX, 79. Dobrizhoffer, Martin. An Account of the Abipones, an Equestrian People of Paraguay. 3 vols., London, 1822. III, 1. x, 38. Don, David. 'An Account of the Indian Species of Juncus and Luzula.' Linn. Soc. Lond. Trans., 18 (1841), 317-26. VII, 8. Doubleday, Edward. Verbal Report on Bardfield Oxlip etc. to Botanical Society of London. Ann. Mag. of Nat. Hist., 9 (1842
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F1583
Book:
Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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caerulea.' Mag. Nat. Hist., 3 (1830), 537-8.IV, 67. 'On the Specific Identity of the Primrose, Oxlip, Cowslip, and Polyanthus,' Mag. Nat. Hist., 3 (1830), 406-9. IV, 71. 'On the Triticoidal Forms of Aegilops and on the Specific Identity of Centaurea nigra and C. nigrescens.' Brit. Ass. Advanc. Sci. Rep. for 1856, (1857), part 2, pp. 87-8. VI, 47. 'Retrospective criticism on the specific Identity of Anagallis arvensis and caerulea.' Mag. Nat. Hist., IV, 67.5 (1832), 493-4. Herbert, Thomas. Some Yeares
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F1583
Book:
Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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variation, 284 Polygleae, opposite and alternate leaves on same plant,325 Polygonaceae; Varieties in large and small genera, 153 table, Watson on classification, 104, 126 Pompilus, smooth sting, 381 n 2 Ponera (ant), blind, 368 Prepotency: 284, 417, 450, 456-8; Confounded with sex, 455; Decided types usually sterile, 417 Primula: Conversion, 96, 133; Intermediate forms, 130-1; Similarities and differences between P. veris (cowslip), P. vulgaris (primrose) and P. elatior (oxlip), 128 [page] 680
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the primrose predominating, from a Claygate oxlip the conclusion at which he arrives* (Phytologist Vol. 3. p 43, and vol 2. p. 217. p. 852) is that seeds of a cowslip can produce cowslips oxlips; that seeds of an oxlip can produce cowslips, oxlips primroses. ) (The experiments of Mr. Sidebotham (Phytologist Vol. 3. p 703) are, perhaps, the most important of all, for the plants from which he procured seed, were covered by bell-glasses so crossing was prevented. He gather transported the wild
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absolutely unknown . (Annals of Nat. History, vol. IX. 1842. p. 156); so it must be from as we have seen with the oxlip from its Northern range in Russia; so with the Bradfield oxlip (or P. Jacquinii) of Bardfield, round which place the primrose does not occur for some miles . (Annals of Nat. History, vol. IX. p. 515). Lastly, I may venture to say that I speak after a careful study of all known well ascertained facts on Hybridism, there is no known instance of one species fertilised by the pollen of
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should be looked at as the primordial form, whence has been derived through intermediate oxlip-forms the cowslip, the Bardfield oxlip. It is, perhaps, the most probable view that the common oxlips are varieties of the cowslip, retrograding sporting easily reverting back towards the primrose; some of the forms being having been complicated by crosses with either the primrose or cowl cowslip. I have entered into this case with great detail because, considering the general habit structure habitat
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(Bastarderzeugung s. 309) to raise seedlings from a single hybrid between these two forms, whence he concludes that they are distinct: Herbert succeeded with Anagallis collina; if Gærtner had shown that he could artificially fertilise either variety with its own pollen one would then have had more more confidence in his result.— The most interesting case on record is that of the Primrose, common oxlip Bardfield oxlip cowslip (Primula vulgaris elatior veris). These plants differ, as everyone knows, in general
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(as I have been myself informed) are convinced that such changes take place in their seed beds, others have strongly denied them, as in Gardener's Magazine vol. VII p. 123, 247 that most critical observer Mr. H. C. Watson raised tried raised at several periods many seedlings, from the cowslip, (P. veris) [illeg] intermediate oxslip (P. veris or (P. veris), from a Claygate oxlip, from an truly intermediate oxlip, truly intermediate in most points, but with (7
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CUL-DAR205.7.34-36
Draft:
[1857]
Draft of Natural selection, Hybridism, folios 17, 18, 25
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online (17 (Hybridism) appear as if even species varieties graduated into each other in all characters, even in fertility when crossed.— Digitalis possibly after consulting Lindley Henslow Pamphlets Genus Primula acaulis vars. It has been elsewhere shown on evidence, which to my mind seems ample that the oxlip, cowslip primrose are undoubted varieties descended from one parent stock. Gærtner laboriously experimentised on these vars, (Used in Chapter IV. p
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regions of Northern Europe, where the cowslip is indigenous : on inquiring Messrs. H Bentham Hooker inform me that in the East, the the primrose is found only in the Caucasus; that the oxlip ranges from the Caucasus to about the latitude of Moscow the Cowslip from the Caucasus to four degrees northwards to the latitude of St. Petersburgh. In Britain see Cybele Brit Lastly Gærtner laboriously experimentised on these several forms during four years, actually castrated crossed no less than 170
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CUL-DAR108.25
Note:
1864
Wild Oxlips long-styled & short-styled potted early in 1864 from wood
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [25] Wild oxlips long-styled short-styled, potted early in 1864 from wood; (parents of the seedling primrose-oxlips in K. Garden) White thread, fertilised by other form of Primrose. = 16 Short styled 1864 8 White worsted fertilised by other form of Cowslip. = 16 Black thread, one oxlip fertilised by other form of other oxlip. (= 14) /over [25v
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CUL-DAR108.25
Note:
1864
Wild Oxlips long-styled & short-styled potted early in 1864 from wood
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Black worsted oxlip fertilised by pollen of own flower. — (= 14) One plant long-styled this labelled; all the others short-styled.— the short-styled are not labelled. Used Primrose Longstyled Black thread own pollen 111111 Short-styled Black thread own pollen 111111 /ove
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CUL-DAR108.71
Note:
1864.05.00
Six plants raised from short-styled Primrose by pollen of common
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [71] May 1864. Six plants raised from short-styled Primrose by pollen of common Polyanthus have now flowered. In umbel general appearance identical with common oxlip, except perhaps flowers rather larger, dirty red; yet flower not larger than our oxlip. — Foliage also like oxlip different from cowslip primrose — Case of Oxlip interesting from frequent discussion — as commonest Hybrid in world
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [20] Wild Oxlips— 1865 (Long-styled.) 6 flowers with own pollen Black thread 111111 (done) (Used) 6 flowers with pollen of short-styled oxlip White Thread 111111 (done) Common Primrose by pollen of same form of wild Oxlip. (16 flowers.) Black wool 8 flowers Long-styled by pollen of long-styled oxlip done 11111111 8 done Black wool Short-styled 8 flowers by pollen of short-styled Oxlip—11111111 (done) Common Cowslip by pollen of same form of wild
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CUL-DAR108.72
Note:
1865
Common Cowslip long-styled 8 fl[owers] fert[ilised] by pollen of
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online (E 1865 Common Cowslip long-styled, 8 fl. fert. by pollen of long-styled common oxlip set 3 pods producing 5 wretched seed 6. (3 of these fair) 14 small but goodish} average 8.3 Short-styled by 8 fl. by pollen of short-styled common oxlip set not one pod.— Common long-sty. Oxlip 12 6 fl. fert. by own pollen set 1 pod with 20 good seeds. — 12 6 fl. fert. heteromorphically by pollen of long short- styled common cowslip common oxlip did not set 1 pod
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [21] 1866 Cowslip → Long-styled — (Mark with Stick) Clean off pollen 8 fl. by pollen of short-styled common oxlip White wool 11111111 1 pod 26 seed— probably not well cleaned off own pollen → Short-styled Clean off own pollen 8 fl by pollen of long-styled common oxlip White wool [calculations not transcribed] average no. of seed 40.4 → All pods set
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CUL-DAR108.24a
Note:
1866
Short-styled common Oxlip [comparisons between differently fertilised
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [24a] These results are not worked into my Paper Short-styled Common oxlip 1866 [data not transcribed] 8 fl were fert Legitimately by pollen fr long-styled Primrose produced 5/8 pods, but in two of them the seed were poor ─ the 3 pods with good seed had averaged of 20 [+] 19 [+] 19 [+] 24 [=] 63/3 (21.0 seed per pod. Under the net, neither short nor long-styled set one single Pod
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(3 Bot Works Continued. On the Character and hybrid-like nature of the offspring from the illegitimate offspring of dimorphic and trimorphic plants: Journal of Linn. Soc. Vol 10 1867 (Bot) p 393 to 437. On the specific difference between Primula Veris and Vulgaris and on the hybrid nature of the common Oxlip: Journal of Linn. Soc. Vol 10 1867 (Bot) p 437 to 454 notes on the Fertilization of Orchids, Annals Magazine of Natural History Sept. 1869. Continued in CUL-DAR91.110-11
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CUL-DAR110.A7
Note:
[1866orafter]
Conclusions — Pure Primrose from unions of 1865 & few in 64 [comparison
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [7] Conclusions. Pure Primrose, from union of 1865 few in 64.— Long-styled 21 fl. were fert. Homo. produced 14 pods, maximum minimum on average 52.2 seed per capsule. (N.B. I think great contrast with Cowslips see Cowslip-Polyanthus M.S. notes for do for Oxlip paper) These plants set spont. under net several pods, 12 were collected which yielded 12.7 seed per pod. see Back (Also I think contrast with Cowslip. see published paper for Oxlip paper 12 fl
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CUL-DAR108.7
Note:
1867.04.15--1867.04.16
Common Oxlips / The 3 plants from long-styled by own pollen are in flower
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April 15. 1867. Examined pollen of long-styled oxlip (which was originally found in wood) many grains bad. In short-styled every single grain bad very minute though very numerous, whole pollen of whitish colour, but the flower was old.— (In the short-styled Bardfield oxlip every grain bad— quite good.) In the 3 seedlings from long-styled by own pollen: in no. I with a scape, the pollen nearly quite good in appearance in the second plant with paler flower, rather more more like primrose, pollen
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CUL-DAR108.7
Note:
1867.04.15--1867.04.16
Common Oxlips / The 3 plants from long-styled by own pollen are in flower
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has now thrown up good tall scapes.) ( is closely like parent oxlip, except that a little paler.) The evidence as yet strongly indicates that these are really progeny of long-styled by own pollen it is very improbable there was any mistake.— — I well remember that the oxlips naturally crossed by primrose pollen were almost identical at first with common primrose.— On the whole certainly do not resemble hybrids from oxlips by Primroses.— (See to Fertility, when spont. crossed by adjoining
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [11] Science Gossip. May 67 p. 114. A writer says he finds oxlips frequently amongst Primroses, but never amongst Cowslips. Other writers subsequently (June 1st) 1867 says this is not so— but one of them says no oxlips where primroses abound, but where there are no cowslips! — Above writer describe wild oxlip with some flowers like primrose with no peduncle, others on peduncle, (these are clearly oxlip x primrose.)— Primul
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CUL-DAR108.78a-78b
Note:
1867.09.00--1868.01.00
Seedling Oxlips self & spont[aneously] fert[ilised] probably by
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1867. Common long-styled oxlip 15 fl. fert. by own pollen from same plant 8 poor 14 some better not worked in Used [calculations not transcribed] Common Short-styled. Oxlip White Thread by pollen of short-styled primrose. 10 fl 0 White Wool 10 fl. by pollen of short-styled Cowslip 0 Black Thread 10 fl by pollen of long-styled Primrose 16 very poor small seeds, I do not suppose one wd have grown Black Wool 10 fl by pollen of long-styled cowslip. 7 but so poor no chance of growing 3 — poorish 3
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CUL-DAR108.78a-78b
Note:
1867.09.00--1868.01.00
Seedling Oxlips self & spont[aneously] fert[ilised] probably by
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [78] Seedling Oxlips self spont fert. probably by surrounding primrose or cowslip — not protected — they were all (I think, long-styled plants) 15 fully good produced a good many pods with a fair share of fairly fine seed— I daresay 15 to 20 to in several pods, but seeds were shed in bag cd not be counted.—) 1867 Common Oxlip — Short-styled Black wool with white Thread 10 fl. by own pollen [calculations not transcribed] [78b
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F1744
Periodical contribution:
Darwin, C. R. 1868. On the specific difference between Primula veris, Brit. Fl. (var. officinalis, of Linn.), P. vulgaris, Brit. Fl. (var. acaulis, Linn.) and P. elatior, Jacq.; and on the hybrid nature of the common Oxlip. With supplementary remarks on naturally-produced Hybrids in the genus Verbascum. [Read 19 March] Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Botany) 10: 437-454.
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short-styled oxlip: 8 flowers fertilized, produced not one capsule. Long-styled cowslip, by pollen of short-styled oxlip: 8 flowers fertilized, produced one capsule, containing 26 seeds. Long-styled cowslip, by pollen of long-styled oxlip: 8 flowers fertilized, produced three capsules, containing 5, 6, and 14 seeds. Average 8.3. Short-styled cowslip, by pollen of long-styled oxlip: 8 flowers fertilized, produced eight capsules, containing 58, 38, 31, 44, 23, 26, 37, and 66 seeds. Average 40.4
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