Search Results - The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online

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A533 (page sequence 69) Periodical contribution: Linsley, E. G. & Usinger, R. L. 1966. Insects of the Galápagos Islands. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 33 (7): 113-196. Text Image

des Sciences de Lige, vol. 14, pp. 1543, pls. 17. [Physorhinus galapagoensis (p. 394).] CARRIKER, M. A., JR. 1957. Notes on some of the Vernon L. Kellogg types of Mallophaga. Microentomology, vol. 22, pp. 95110. [Corrects generic assignments of two Galpagos species.] CARVALHO, J. C. M 19571960. A Catalogue of the Miridae of the World. Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. vol. 44, 158 pp. (part 1); vol. 44, 158 pp. (part 1); vol. 45, 216 pp. (part 2); vol. 47, 161 pp. (part 3); vol

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A558.2 (page sequence 337) Book: Hall, Basil. 1824. Extracts from a journal, written on the coasts of Chili, Peru, and Mexica, in the years 1820, 1821, 1822. Edinburgh: Constable. Volume 2. Text Image

- 347 IX. from LimatoPacasmayas, Pay- ta, and Guayaquil - 348 X from Guayaquil to the Galapagos Islands - - 351 XL--------- from the Galapagos to Panama 353 XII. General Remarks on the winds, weather, and navigation on the south and southwest coast of Mexico - - 855 XIII. Passage from Panama to Acapulco 363 XIV. —------from Acapulco to San Bias 366 XV. — from San Bias (round Cape Horn) to Rio de Janeiro - 370 XVI. ..........from Rio de Janeiro to Bahia 377 [page break

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A560.1 (page sequence 26) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

. — View of the duties of customs in Brazil, and of the exportation from Rio de Janeiro. — Notes :—A royal passport.—Duties of customs, c. CHAPTER II. Excursions in the environs of Rio de Janeiro. Page 206—268. Natural history of the environs.—The aqueduct of Caryoca. — Noble prospect from Mount Corcovado. — Tjjuca. — Lake Camorim. — The coffee plantation of Dr. Lesesne. — Lagoa de Rodrigo Freitas. — Botanic garden. — Tea plantation. — Gunpowder manufactory. —Islands in the Bay of Rio de Janeiro

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A560.1 (page sequence 221) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

, from S. Catherine afld Rio Grande do Sul in fifteen to six and twenty days, from Porto Seguro in eight to fifteen, from Bahia in twelve to twenty, according as the wind blows along the coast from south or north, which depends on the position of the sun. Maranho and Para export their productions direct without farther intercourse with Rio de Janeiro. The trade by land, too, is very extensive between Rio and the neighbouring provinces, especially with S. Paulo and Minas, to which there are toler

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A560.1 (page sequence 217) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

Grace and Brest, in these latter times, articles of luxury, trinkets, furniture, wax candle, drugs, liqueurs, pictures and prints, French books, silks, looking* glasses, hats, fine glass goods and china, dried fruits, oil, and butter, Holland sends to Rio de Janeiro beer, glass goods, linen, Geneva, which is very much used in all the tropical countries on account of its diuretic qualities, paper, c. Austria has sent many things to Rio de Janeiro on speculation, namely, watches, pianofortes

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A560.1 (page sequence 305) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. 269 CHAPTER III. JOURNEY FROM RIO DE JANEIRO TO THE CITY OF S. PAULO. We left Rio de Janeiro on the 8th of December, I8I7. Several of our countrymen and friends accompanied us to the distance of half a mile * from the city. The commencement of this expedition was not calculated to inspire us with sanguine hopes. Scarcely had we turned into the broad high road of Santa Cruz, when some of our mules lay down, some dispersed among the houses and gardens, and others threw off

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A560.1 (page sequence 233) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

-cessaria para viajar e demorar-se o tempo que Ihes for conveniente em qualquer parte dentro dos limites desta Capitaaia do Rio de Janeiro; E determina sua Mage$tade, que se Ihes preste nesta sua degrecio toda a assistencia e auxilio de que precizar, logo que o pedir. Palacio do Rio de Janeiro em 12 Septembro de 1817. (L. S.) Joao Paulo Bezesjia. The king our sovereign compiancjs aj{ military aJK^.qiv^, authorities, to whom those preset may t?e shown* OR ty whose knowledge they shall conje, that

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A560.1 (page sequence 557) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

more remote districts of the interior, is not, indeed, so great as that of S. Paulo and Rio, which is carried on even ks far as Cioyaz and Matto-grosso, yet it extends even beyond the Rio de S. Francisco, almost over the whole capi-tania, and supplies it not only with the European articles purchased at Rio de Janeiro, but also with the produce of the environs; for in- * See Note 1. page 198. n 9 [page break

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A560.2 (page sequence 188) Book: Spix, J. P von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 2. Text Image

more remote districts of the interior, is not, indeed, so great as that of S. Paulo and Rio, which is carried on even as far as Goyaz and Matto-grosso, yet it extends even beyond the Rio de S, Francisco, almost over the whole capi-tapia, and supplies it not only with the European articles purchased at Rio de Janeiro, but also with the produce of the environs; for in. * See Note 1. page 198, N 2 [page break

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A560.1 (page sequence 18) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

X PREFACE. Janeiro, opened an extensive field of research, of which the Germans amply availed themselves. Many men, well-versed in different branches of science, especially mineralogy, entered into the service of the Court of Rio de Janeiro, and very interesting communications, sent by them, have been published in the German literary journals, though it is to be regretted that few of them have become known in this country. The marriage of an Austrian Princess with the Crown Prince of Brazil

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A560.1 (page sequence 201) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

, washing with very weak warm rum and water, bathing, and purgations. Chronical diarrhoeas, passing into colUquation, dysentery and lientery, and also dropsy, are common at Rio de Janeiro. The diarrhoeas, which are generally caused by taking cold, are often cured in the first stage by drinking warm vinegar lemonade. Diabetes is likewise observed here, but not so frequently as in cold countries; it is said to have been remarked that the negroes are far less subject to this disease than the whites

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A560.1 (page sequence 225) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

islands in the Bay of Rio, in that of Angra dos Reys, and on the lowest coast land (Beiramar), for instance in the yicinity of Paraty; it is also brought frere from the capitania of Espirito Santo. The dried and salted hides which Rio de Janeiro sends principally to England and Francej are mostly brought from Rio Grande do Sul, S. Paul and Minas. A view of these most important articles of exportation during the year 1817 is subjoined.* * See Not* 4. p^ge 205. [page break

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A558.1 (page sequence 17) Book: Hall, Basil. 1824. Extracts from a journal, written on the coasts of Chili, Peru, and Mexica, in the years 1820, 1821, 1822. Edinburgh: Constable. Volume 1. Text Image

EXTRACTS FBOM A JOURNAL. CHAPTER I. CHILI. PA8SAGE OF CAPE HORN—ARRIVAL AT VALPARAISO-VISIT TO SANTIAGO, THE CAPITAL OF CHILI. His Majesty's ship Conway, under my command, sailed from England on the 10th of August 1820, and having touched at Teneriffe, Rio de Janeiro, and the River Plate, received orders to proceed to Valparaiso, the principal sea port on the coast of Chili. The passage round Cape Horn has acquired such celebrity in Nautical history, from the difficulties encountered by Anson

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A558.2 (page sequence 339) Book: Hall, Basil. 1824. Extracts from a journal, written on the coasts of Chili, Peru, and Mexica, in the years 1820, 1821, 1822. Edinburgh: Constable. Volume 2. Text Image

. BRAZIL TO BUENOS AYRES. 329 No. I. From Rio de Janeiro to Buenos Ayres. P. M. 14th of October to A. M. 23d, 1820. (8 J Day*.) This passage was made in less time than it usually occupies. We passed the Sugar Loaf at the entrance of Rio about four o'clock in the afternoon of Saturday the 14th of October 1820, and were off Maldanado, at the entrance of the river Plate, at the same hour on that day week, viz. the 21st, and anchored off Buenos Ayres at four in the morning of Monday the 23d; thus

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A560.1 (page sequence 226) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

Brazil, Rio exports all kinds of European goods; to Pernambuco and Ceara, sometimes considerable quantities of vegetables, when a drought causes them to fail there. Of late years slaves have been exported from Rio to the northern provinces in great numbers. The west and east coast of Africa receive English and Portuguese goods from this place. Lastly, gold bars and Spanish dollars must also be considered as an export article from Rio de Janeiro. Both Portuguese and North American Indiamen often take

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A560.1 (page sequence 29) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

Orgaos; on the north side of the bay of Rio de Janeiro, and on the road to Villa Rica, the capital of the capitania of Minas Geraet* [page break

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A560.1 (page sequence 165) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. 133 of our affairs from Messrs. Von Eschwege and Feld-ner, lieutenant-colonels of engineers in the service, of the King of Portugal. A residence of several years in Brazil had made them both very well acquainted with the interior of the country, and the former happened to be just then at Rio de Janeiro, whither he had come on a visit from his garrison at Villa Rica. By the intervention of the Austrian minister, Baron Von Neveu, who interested himself in the success of our

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A560.1 (page sequence 174) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

, all combine to compose a confused unheard-of discord, which is perfectly stunning to the stranger. By far the greater part of the population of Rio de Janeiro, consists of Portuguese and their descendants, both whites and people of colour. American aboriginal inhabitants are scarcely ever seen here. They avoid the city as much as possible, and appear but very rarely, and by chance, like birds of passage, in the bustle which is so contrary to their habits. The nearest are said to belong to the

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A560.1 (page sequence 216) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

excepted, to equal in rJheapiless the English, With which they Would have to contend, arid the taote So ad all artieletf, except the Portuguese ftnd English, pay a duty of twenty-five per cent* The ifflportfctiOfi of Ettfopean productions and rftafiufkctures into Rio de Janeiro, extends to all fcttgifiable human Wnts. Portugal and the islands ttftd Wine* Oil,* flour, biscuit* salt, butter, vinegar, Stockfish, hfts* feujftges, Olives, and preserved or In February 1810, at Rio de Janeiro, by Lord

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A560.1 (page sequence 286) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

prisms of pinchbeck-brown mica of a middling size* The granite about Rio de Janeiro, as is always the case in similar mountains, often consists of earthy felspar of a greyish colour, sometimes spotted of a brownish yellow by oxyd of iron, smoky quartz, and but a little black mica, and at the slightest touch crumbling to pieces. The structure of the granite gradually becomes slaty, because the smoky quartz and the black small foliated mica (not so much the smoky felspar) combine, and the rock

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A560.1 (page sequence 394) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

of the hides themselves, or salt them raw for exportation. As in Rio de Janeiro, they use for tanning, the bark of the Rhizophora Mangle. The necessary workmen are on the spot, though not always very skilful or fe-. gularly trained. A few months before our arrival, a government manufactory for arms, which had before been established at Rio de Janeiro, was transferred hither and placed under the superintendence of Lieutenant-colonel Miiller. The eight working masters were all Germans, and had

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A560.1 (page sequence 648) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

we had taken on our journey hither, and, on the 21st of April, returned safely, by way of Mariana, to Villa Rica. NOTE TO CHAPTER IL The first bishopric in Brazil was founded at Bahit in the year 1522, and raised to the rank of an archbishopric in the year 1667. The bishoprics of Rio de Janeiro and Pernambueo, which were founded at a later period, as also those of Angola and S. Thome% in Africa, were placed under it as suffragans. The bishopric of Maranhao, from which, under John V„ the bishopric

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A560.2 (page sequence 25) Book: Spix, J. P von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 2. Text Image

of the hides themselves, or salt them raw for exportation. As in Rio de Janeiro, they use for tanning, the bark of the Rhizophora Mangle. The necessary workmen are on the spot, though not always very skilful or regularly trained. A few months before our arrival, a government manufactory for arms, which had before been established at Rio de Janeiro, was transferred hither and placed underthe superintendence of Lieutenant-colonel Muller. The eight working masters were all Germans, and had been

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A560.2 (page sequence 279) Book: Spix, J. P von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 2. Text Image

we had taken on our journey hither, and, on the 21st of April, returned safely, by way of Mariana, to Villa Rica. NOTE TO CHAPTER II. The first bishopric in Brazil was founded at Bahia in the year 1522, and raised to the rank of an archbishopric in the year 1667. The bishoprics of Rio de Janeiro and Pernambuco, which were founded at a later period, as also those of Angola and S. Thome*, in Africa, were * placed under it as suffragans. The bishopric of Maranhao, from which, under John V., the

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A560.1 (page sequence 301) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. 265 the rainy season, that the animal and vegetable kingdom revive, and appear in their greatest perfection. In such an expedition to the interior, we had been preceded of late years by several travellers. Mawe, who came from Buenos Ayres to Rio de Janeiro, by way of S. Paulo, had continued from hence his journey to Tejuco, in the Diamond district; Von Eschwege, setting out from his residence, Villa Rica, had penetrated westward from the Rio de San Francisco to Rio Abait6

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A560.1 (page sequence 184) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

mention is Father Casal's Corografia Brasilica, printed at Rio, in two volumes ; a work which, it is true, has many imperfections with respect to order precision, and correctness, especially in treating of subjects of natural history, but, as the first compendium of a general geography of Brazil, is of great use, and has been almost literally translated into English. * At present only two newspapers are published in the whole kingdom: in the capital, the Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro; and, in Bahia, a

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A560.1 (page sequence 331) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

THAVELS IN BRAZIL. «g» migrations along the rivers, it seems that they originally spread from the interior tt the sea Those who live together in the Aldea de Vaten*^ not far from the road of Rio to Villa Rtea, between the rivers Paraiba and Rio Preto^ are remains of the same nation. This place was but a few yeais ago, the only one in the province of Rfo de Janeiro, in which a considerable number, both of converted and unconverted Indians resided, The situation of the establishment, favoured

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A560.1 (page sequence 224) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

190 TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. were, the limits of the warmest and moistest parts of the country, where it grows luxuriantly. Most of the sugar plantations and manufactories (engenfios) are situated in the vicinity of the capital itself, and about Cabo Frio. Jt is well known that the cultivation of the sugar-cane was introduced into Rio de Janeiro, by the governor Mem de S6, immediately after the expulsion of the French, in the year 1568, The sugar exported from the harbour of Rip de Janeiro, in 1817

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A560.1 (page sequence 166) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

seat of polite manners and agreeable forms. Rio de Janeiro, or properly St. Sebastiano, commonly called only Rio, lies on the shore of the great bay, which extends from the city northwards into the continent three times as far as the distance to the anchorage. It occupies the northeast part of a tongue of land, of an irregularly quadrangular shape, situated on the west bank, which stretches towards the north, and towards the south is connected with the continent. The most easterly point of this

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A560.1 (page sequence 27) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

CONTENTS. XIX dos Orgaos. — Description of the forest, of ihe plants, and animals. — Rocks, their formation.—Way over the Serra to Corrego Seco, and as far as the passage of the river Paraiba. — Agriculture, and the obstacles to it. — Considerations and counsels for European settlers — The weather at Rio. — Preparations for the journey into the interior. — The arrival of Her Imperial Highness the Princess Royal of Brazil. CHAPTER III. Journey from Rio de Janeiro, to the city of S» Paulo

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A560.1 (page sequence 220) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

alqueires (70tb.); in the year 1817, to 133,359; in 1818, to 76,395. The exportation of hides from the same place was, in the year 1816, 368,909; in 1817, 238,979 ; in 1818, 290,950. For these, and other statements, we are indebted to the kindness of our friend, Mr. F. Schimmelbusch of Solingen, who, during many years' residence in Brazil, has acquired very extensive knowledge of its commercial relations. From Chili, which, according to Bland, exports much corn, none has yet come to Rio de Janeiro

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A560.1 (page sequence 414) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

Bahia for iPernambuco for Rio Grande for Rio da Prata for exported to 2,635,200 rees.| 49,907,600 da 536,006,600 do. 13,042,880 do. 5,085,000 do. 34,420,880 do. 25,844,680 do. Of which imported from Oporto for - - 53,270,900 rees. iRio de Janeiro for - 646,584,928 do. Total exportation 666,942,840 rees. Quantity. 3,445 pipes. 52$ ditto. 27 ditto. 5 ditto. 1,957 bottles. 1,113 bales. 200 chests. 44 arrobas. 353 cwt. 1,080 ditto. 130 arrobas. 549 ditto. 158 chests. 379 ditto. 656. 37,669 alq. 149 cwt

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A560.2 (page sequence 45) Book: Spix, J. P von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 2. Text Image

,980 rees. 23*946,120 do. Of which imported from Oporto For - . - 55,270,900 rees.1 tRio de Janeiro for - 646,584,928 do. Bahia for Pernambuco for Rio Grande for Cabo Verde for Cotinquiba for Rio da Prata for 24,362,560 do. 15,500,800 do. 6,604,800 do. 9,035,600 do. 6,876,760 do. 5,870,680 do. Total importation 766,105,028 * The imbS of the ^southern provinces is manufactured out of the stems of several; kinds of paullinias, and, on account of its toughness, is peculiarly adapted for ships

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A560.1 (page sequence 191) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

, and the other sea-port towns of Brazil, entirely corresponds with the spirit in which poetry arid the belles lettres are cultivated; for, in these, it is the French literature that is preferred by the superior classes in this country. The diffusion of the French language, and the importation of innumerable French books, are the more surprising, as there are only two indifferent booksellers' shops at Rio de Janeiro. Besides the publications of the day, with which the French Magasim des Modes [page

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A558.2 (page sequence 298) Book: Hall, Basil. 1824. Extracts from a journal, written on the coasts of Chili, Peru, and Mexica, in the years 1820, 1821, 1822. Edinburgh: Constable. Volume 2. Text Image

288 SAN BLAS. CHAPTER XIV. SAN BLAS. RESIDENCE AT SAN BLAS, AND RETURN ROUND CAPE HORN TO RIO DE JANEIRO. On the 5th of May, I left Tepicfor San Bias, in order to be present when the treasure for England should be put on board the Conway. The officers as well as myself took leave of the interior without much regret, for, notwithstanding the many kind attentions which we had met with, it was impossible to disguise from ourselves, that we were all more or less objects of suspicion to the

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A560.1 (page sequence 24) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

, and in the vicinity. Page 53—80. The town and its inhabitants. — Mount Calpe. — Osseous breccia. — St Roque. — Algesiras. — Tarifa. — Observations relative to Natural History. — The Strait of Gibraltar, and the currents in it—Notes :—List of animals and plants found about Gibraltar and Algesiras. CHAPTER IV. Voyage from Gibraltar to Madeira, and thence across the Atlantic Ocean, to Rio de Janeiro. Page 81—130. [page break

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A560.1 (page sequence 163) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. BOOK II. CHAPTER I. STAY IN RIO DE JANEIRO. On the morning of the following day, the 15th of July, we went on shore, rowing through the busy crowd of European vessels, and little boats manned with negroes and mulattoes. Ascending the slope of a very fine molo (quay), of hewn granite, we were at once in the principal square of the city, which is formed by the royal palace and several con* siderable private buildings. It was with great difficulty that we made our way through

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A560.1 (page sequence 227) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. 193 in silver, which they cany to India. It is affirmed* that in some years the value of the silver exported in this manner has amounted to 500,000/. nay even 800,000/. sterling. The great difference in the value of the imports and exports in favour of Rio de Janeiro, which from the excess of the latter draws large sums in ready money from Europe, indicates at once the nature of the commercial relations between Europe and this rich though infant state. The precious metals

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A560.1 (page sequence 170) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

138 TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. sailors of all nations. Captain Cook was mistaken when he expressed doubts of the goodness of this water for long voyages; for Portuguese captains have, by way of making the experiment, taken this water to India, and brought it back to Rio de Janeiro, when it was found to be still uncorrupted. New fountains continue to be erected in the city, and during our stay, measures were taken to provide the great square of S. Anna with a fountain, and to lead a new aqueduct to the

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A560.1 (page sequence 196) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

lm TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. miration to the stars, which, glowing in solemn silence in the firmament above the continent and ocean, fill the soul with a presentiment of still sub-limer wonders. In the enjoyment of the peaceful and magic influence of such nights, the newly arrived European remembers with tender longings his native home, till the luxuriant scenery of the tropics has become to him a second country. These fine nights may be enjoyed at Rio de Janeiro without any fear of those disorders

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A560.1 (page sequence 228) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

B4 THAVBLS IN BRAZIL- at present be greater than it could be, if these accounts were true which represent Brazil as a couatry yet wholly uncultivated, without any traces of the beneficial influence of European industry. It is true, the colonial produce exported from the port of Rio de Janeiro is indeed not entirely grown in the province, -but is partly brought from the remote districts of the interior. But a com-paragon of the exportation of some articles from this port, with the same from

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A560.1 (page sequence 478) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

axillaribus parce ramosis,Jloribus sessilibus.) 46. Myrtus cauliflora. Mart (Trunco ramisque excorti-cantibus Jlorigeris, foliis lanceolatis longe acuminatis, basi acutis glaberrimisj Jloribus congestis, baccis globosis violaceO' purpurascentibus.) The Jabuticaba is one of the most agreeable fruits in Brazil, and the taste will be improved by further culture. A very good wine, syrup, c, are made of it The Jabuticabeira grows principally in the provinces of Rio de Janeiro, S. Paulo, and Minas Geraes. 47

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A560.2 (page sequence 109) Book: Spix, J. P von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 2. Text Image

axiUaribus parce ramosis9Jloribus .tessilibus.) 46. Myrtus cauliflora, Mart. (Trunco.ramisque excorti-cantibus Jlorigeris, foliis lanceolatis longe acuminatis, basi acutis glaberrimis, Jhribus tongestis, baccis globosis violaceo-purpurascentibus.) The Jabuticaba is one of the most agreeable fruits in Brazil, and the taste will be improved by further culture. A very good wine, syrup, c, are made of it. The Jabuticabeira grows principally in the provinces of Rio de Janeiro, S. Paulo, and Minas

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A560.1 (page sequence 25) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

lightnings, c—Hie Atlantic Ocean to the Tropic of Cancer, from that to the Equator, and thence to Riode Janeiro. — Phosphorescence. — Flying fish, tunny fish, sharks, sea-fowl, mollusca, fee — Natural and Mathematical Equator, — Fear of pirates. — Feelings on passing the Equator. — A day between the tropics. — Communication with a vessel. — The coast of Brazil. — The llhas Abrolhos. — Rocks and shoals. — Trinidad. — Perilous situation of the crew of a French vessel.—Arrival.—The harbour of Rio

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A560.1 (page sequence 487) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

Atibaya, the country becomes broader. We met here with a pupil of the surgical school of Rio de Janeiro, who observed to us with much naweti, that the inhabitants of this country were not at all worthy of having a surgeon among them, because they were so seldom ill. In fact these healthy districts are peopled by a robust race of men, and only the syphilis makes great progress among them, chiefly for want of proper treatment Northwards of S. Joo de Atibaya, several chains of mountains run almost

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A560.2 (page sequence 118) Book: Spix, J. P von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 2. Text Image

Atibaya, the country becomes broader. We met here with a pupil of the surgical school of Rio de Janeiro, who observed to us with much naivete, that the inhabitants of this country were not at all worthy of having a surgeon among them, because they were so seldom ill. In fact these healthy districts are peopled by a robust race of men, and only the syphilis makes great progress among them, chiefly for want of proper treatment. Northwards of S. Joao de Atibaya, several chains of mountains run

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A558.2 (page sequence 387) Book: Hall, Basil. 1824. Extracts from a journal, written on the coasts of Chili, Peru, and Mexica, in the years 1820, 1821, 1822. Edinburgh: Constable. Volume 2. Text Image

COAST OF BRAZIL. 377 a passage of eighty-nine days from leaving San Bias. No. XVI. Rio de Janeiro to Bahia, or St Salvador. 25th November to 13th December 1822. (18 Days.) This passage, and that of his Majesty's ship Doris, about the same time, serve to show how uncertain the winds are on this coast. We sailed in the Conway, on the 25th of November, met with north and north-easterly winds off Cape Frio, which obliged us to stand off for nine days, at the end of which time we were one hundred

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A560.1 (page sequence 218) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

goods direct to Brazil, but have especially carried on a very good trade in Nuremberg toys, and in iron and brass utensils, which are made in the shapes usual in ^ that country. Russia and Sweden import iron, steel, copper utensils, sail-cloth, cords, ropes, and tar. North America sends to Rio de Janeiro chiefly corn, soap, spermaceti candles, biscuit, train oil, tar, leather, boards, pitch, potashes, and rude furniture. The trade with the coast of Africa fur? nishes but few articles, which are

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A560.1 (page sequence 222) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

188 TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. able roads. From Rio Grande do Sul and S. Paulo many thousand oxen, horses, and mules are annually driven hither, and many of them are forwarded to the neighbouring capitanias. Minas sends its cotton, coffee, and tobacco chiefly to Rio de Janeiro; the road to which, though from some parts further than to Bahia, is more pleasant and less difficult. In the year 1820, the importation of these articles was — cotton 70,407 arrobas, coffee 20,000, and tobacco 54,281 arrobas

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A560.1 (page sequence 338) Book: Spix, J. P. von and C. F. P. von Maurtius. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. London: Longman. Volume 1. Text Image

the villa. The chief articles of trade from S. Paulo to Minas are mules, horses, salt, dry meat, iron goods, and all other manufactures which go from the coast to the interior. At present, however Minas is almost entirely supplied by Rio and fiahia, and the importation from Santos is inconsiderable; and of still less importance is that from Angra dos Reyes and Parati, in the province of Rio de Janeiro, which are the nearest to the entrance of Minas. Minas sends principally coarse cotton goods to