A854.02    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 2.   Text

the Taramambases 601 The Jesuits restored to all their former power 602 Restriction concerning trade 603 Slavery again abolished ib. Regulations concerning the Aldeas ib. Francisco de Sa, Governor 604 Establishment of an Exclusive Company ib. Discontents at Maranham 605 Indecision of the Capitam Mor and the Governor 606 Conspiracy formed by Beckman ib. Midnight assemblage of the people 608 Insurrection 609 Imprisonment of the Capitam Mor ib. Proceedings of the victorious party ib. The insurgents

A854.01    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 1.   Text

repulsed them, and European policy soon broke their shortlived union. But even peace with the Portugueze settlers afforded them no security; when it is permitted to reduce enemies to slavery, no friends can be secure. It was in vain that humane edicts were enacted in Portugal; while the atrocious principle is acknowledged, that man can by any circumstances lawfully be considered as the slave of man, all edicts and all formalities will be ineffectual protections against violence and avarice. Many

A854.01    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 1.   Text

upon all important affairs with F. Luiz Figueira, a Jesuit, who, with another of the society, accompanied him. These Jesuits had no sooner set foot in Maranham, than a tumult was excited against them. The Company had so resolutely and perseveringly opposed the iniquitous conduct of the Portugueze toward the natives, and the wicked system of slavery, that they were necessarily both feared and hated by the slave-holders. Their religious character was not sufficient to protect them, and the Senado

A854.02    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 2.   Text

orders; but ere long they provoked a more dangerous hostility. In Paraguay, as in other parts of the Spanish Indies, it was the practice to dispose of the natives in what were called Encomiendas; the word implying that they were put under the protection of the Encomendero, or Lord; but such protection differed only in the name from slavery. This system necessarily grew out of the position, that the New World and all therein belonged to the King of Spain, by virtue of the Pope's grant; the [page

A854.02    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 2.   Text

CHAP. XXIV. Peramas, 77. Indians in ignorance of the Spanish tongue. Like many other charges against them, it was absurd as well as groundless. Throughout the Spanish settlements in Paraguay, Guarani is the language which children learn from their mothers and their nurses; and which, owing to the great mixture of native blood, and the number of Indians in slavery or in service, is almost exclusively used. Even in the city of Asumpcion, sermons were better understood in Guarani than in Spanish

A854.02    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 2.   Text

worthy motive, had obtained an equal part in the religious administration with the Jesuits, discharged the duty which they had undertaken in such manner as might have been expected from such men, .. for they were the refuse, and not improbably the 5 Berredo says this massacre was in consequence of the law which again abolished Indian slavery; .. but that law was not passed till the ensuing year. [page] 60

A854.01    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 1.   Text

, and trees, and flowers; now it is bare and blasted, like the mountains of Gilboa, after David had cursed them in his lamentation. Such a tale was easily invented, and would be readily as well as usefully believed any where in Brazil, except upon the spot. The vengeance which was taken upon the Cahetes removes our indignation from them to their unrelenting persecutors. The whole people and all their posterity were condemned to slavery, and this iniquitous decree not only involved the innocent

A854.01    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 1.   Text

obedience, and just as he was about to leave Belem, published a pastoral letter, whereby he excommunicated all persons who still retained their administrations, as these grants were called. The Chamber repeat 9 Removia todas as merces das administra oens dus Aldeas dos Indios. These administra oens must be equivalent to what the Spaniards call encomiendas. The Indians were not given to the holder of such a grant as slaves, .. but their services were, .. it was more like serfage than slavery

A854.01    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 1.   Text

harrassing enemy behind them. About thirty leagues inland, was a large track of palm forest, called the Palmares; it was the resort of the negroes who from time to time were able to escape from slavery; and probably they were at first induced to chuse it, because of its resemblance to the scenery of their own country. Of the myriads who had been imported into Brazil, many had in process of time found shelter here; here they multiplied: their numbers were continually increased by new desertions, and it

A854.02    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 2.   Text

a time when you may with your own eyes behold the miserable slavery to which these Captaincies are reduced. The inhabitants, here in their own country, are fain to take shelter in the woods, thinking even beasts themselves less dreadful than their oppressors. They come to me for protection and for deliverance; and I have undertaken to deliver and avenge them, by virtue of that natural and universal law which authorizes all men to use all means for the preservation of life and honour. His speech

A854.02    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 2.   Text

and myriads of souls from temporal slavery and from eternal death, both which are certain if they continue in subjection to the heretics. Vidal agreed in this resolution; Soares hesitatated: his hesitation and their reply were communicated to the Governor General, and he not daring to take farther responsibility upon himself, sent again to the Camp, and commanded them to obey the King's orders. Soares then advised obedience; Vidal and Joam Fernandes continued firm, and he in consequence gave up

A854.02    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 2.   Text

merely for their use. Many of these injured people pined away in slavery, others were consumed with hard labour and merciless usage, and those who escaped captivity fled into the interior, nor did they think themselves secure there till they were four or five hundred miles from the sea. Wherever the Portugueze were numerous this destruction of the natives had taken place. The Jesuits, still pursuing the system which Nobrega and Anchieta had begun, when they no longer found employment for their

A854.02    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 2.   Text

destroyed. The Indians conceived a suspicion that the invasion had been preconcerted between them and the Paulistas, and that the sole purpose for which they were collected in Reductions was to betray them thus to slavery. By good fortune, Maceta, when he followed the invaders, had procured by his intreaties the deliverance of a Cacique called Guiravera, with his wife and six other persons; and this chief, who had formerly been a bitter enemy of the missionaries, and afterwards returned to and

A854.02    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 2.   Text

Payaguas, tribes who were every day becoming bolder and more formidable. In this attempt Romero and some of his companions had received martyrdom: the foundation, however, had been laid, and with fair prospect of success, when Cardenas sent two of his clergy to supersede the missionaries. The men who displaced them had neither their zeal nor their ability; .. the Indians suspected a design of reducing them to the Encomienda system of slavery, which was probably the real intention; they became

A854.02    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 2.   Text

inhabitants himself, .. and thus the work of depopulation went on. This state was so much worse than actual slavery, that some Indians voluntarily went from their villages to live with the domestic slaves, marry among them, and share their condition, thinking it better to become slaves where some rest was allowed9, and some huma 9 So also of the Encomicnda Indians among the Spaniards. Muratori (55) says, Certamente fa orrore il mirare, come que' miseri son piu oppressi che gli stessi Mori schiavi

A854.02    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 2.   Text

temporal sacrifice might save their consciences; and thus it was. All the Indians in the State were of three kinds, either domestic slaves, or free Indians of the King's villages, or who had been purchased in the interior by that sort of sale which was made with a pistol at the vendor's breast. As to the first class, certain it was that their slavery was in every instance unjust, and it would be no small indulgence to pardon the past injustice. Nevertheless, as many of these slaves had been bred in

A854.02    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 2.   Text

both Captaincies. A new edict was sent out, enacting that the existing slaves should be examined by the Chambers of the respective Captaincies, in presence of the Sindicant or the Ouvidores, to ascertain who might be conscienciously considered as being in a lawful state of slavery. Those persons were to be in this predicament who had been made prisoners in just war; and it was a cause of just war if the Indians had impeded the preaching of the Gospel, had taken part with the enemies of the

A854.02    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 2.   Text

, .. but injured innocence, .. but lamentations, sufferings, injustice, blood, and murder, which call upon you for compassion and for redress! ... He pleaded before a just judge. Joam IV. was a man whose feelings were always right, and who would most willingly have put a stop to the iniquities of the Inquisition at home, and of slavery in the colonies; but Governments unhappily ever find more obstacles when they seek to do good than when they are doing evil. The Deputies from Maranham and Para were

A854.02    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 2.   Text

CHAP. XXVII. 1658. departed upon this errand, expecting nothing less than martyrdom for their reward; and they told Vieyra, that if they did not return by the next moon he might conclude that they were dead or detained in slavery. The moon waxed and waned, and another began its course: the old settlers, who had always augured ill of the embassy, were now satisfied that their prognostics had been fulfilled; and this indeed was the general belief, when upon Ash-Wednesday the messengers entered

A854.02    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 2.   Text

search of the precious metals, these countries, favoured as they were by nature, would abundantly have repaid the industry of man. But it is one of the pernicious effects of slavery, a system of which all the effects are pernicious (perhaps even more pernicious to the master than the slave) that wherever it exists, labour is thought degrading to a free man. In one of the memorials which were written toward the close of this century, concerning the means of improving Maranham, it was recommended

A854.02    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 2.   Text

the smile with which he answered, said that he took pleasure in this pain, and by making it a pleasure was revenged upon his tormentors. This body, said he, is not I! It is composed of the flesh which I have eaten, the flesh of my enemies, .. the parents, brethren, and children of this people. I do but inhabit it; and I rejoice that they should torment their own flesh and blood! .. But when no such extraordinary feelings were called forth as inducements for chusing death rather than slavery, the

A854.02    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 2.   Text

credible this and every other abomination connected with slavery. Dress and fashions of the Portugueze. P. Gaspar Affonso Hist. Trag. Marit. 2, 335. Pyrard, 205. Fleckno. Rennefort, 287. At the beginning of the seventeenth century, the reduced Indians and the slaves appeared without the slightest clothing in the streets of Bahia. In the course of a few years the Brazilians corrected this indecency among their slaves, and drest them in a sort of frock, or made them at least cover their loins. The dress

A854.03    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 3.   Text

. 47. 51. Vieyra Cartas. t. 2. p. 366. Seara cleared of the savages. Seara was infested at this time by savages from the interior of that Captaincy. Their aggressions were pronounced by a Junta civil, military, and theological, at Bahia, to be a just cause for making war upon them, and adjudging the prisoners to slavery, pursuant to the law of Joam IV; and accordingly an expedition was sent against them from Pernambuco, Paraiba, and the Potengi. The war was pursued with vigor and great success

A854.03    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 3.   Text

this sight they lost their only remaining hope; and it seems that famine had now in a great degree deprived them of their strength: for when the Portugueze, encouraged by this arrival, and by the small succour which joined them at the same time, renewed their attempt to force an entrance with the axe, little resistance was opposed. The three gates were hewn down, and the Zombi and the most resolute of his followers retired to the summit of the rock; and preferring death to slavery, threw [page] 2

A854.03    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 3.   Text

cradle, and his parents before him, provided there was no wooliness in the hair, to indicate a mixture of Negro blood. The evil indeed was only transferred from one race to another, and perhaps in no inconsiderable degree augmented by the transfer; yet there was a step taken toward amendment: a principle had been established, and sooner or later the inconsistency of continuing slavery in any shape would be perceived. After so long a contest between good and evil, this was no slight improvement: in