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1860
1861
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of a species 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869
OMIT 1872

both of their own 1859
of their own 1860 1861 1866 1869
proper to their 1872

on my theory, 1859 1860 1861 1866
OMIT 1869 1872

which in every essential part of its organisation, even in its colouring, 1859 1860
( Colaptes campestris ) which has two toes before and two behind, a long pointed tongue, stiff pointed tail feathers, but not so stiff as 1861
( Colaptes campestris ) which has two toes before and two behind, a long pointed tongue, stiff pointed tail-feathers, but not so stiff as 1866
( Colaptes campestris ) which has two toes before and two behind, a long pointed tongue, pointed tail-feathers, sufficiently stiff to support the bird in a vertical position on a post, but not so stiff as 1869
(Colaptes campestris) which has two toes before and two behind, a long pointed tongue, pointed tail-feathers, sufficiently stiff to support the bird in a vertical position on a post, but not so stiff as 1872

harsh tone of its voice, and undulatory flight, told me plainly of its close blood-relationship to our common species; yet it is a woodpecker which never climbs a tree! 1859 1860
typical woodpeckers (yet I have seen it use its tail when alighting vertically on a post), and a straight strong beak. 1861 1866
typical woodpeckers, and a straight strong beak. 1869 1872

3 blocks not present in 1859 1860; present in 1861 1866 1869 1872
The beak, however, is not so straight or strong as in the typical woodpeckers; but it is strong enough to bore into wood; and I may mention, as another illustration of the varied habits of the tribe, that a Mexican Colaptes has been described by De Saussure as boring holes into hard wood in order to lay up a store of acorns for its future consumption! Hence the Colaptes of La Plata in all the essential parts of its organization is a woodpecker, and until recently was classed in the same typical genus. Even such trifling characters as its colouring, the harsh tone of its voice, and undulatory flight, all told me plainly of its close blood-relationship to our common species; yet it is a woodpecker, as I can assert not only from my own observation, but from that of the accurate Azara, which never climbs a tree!

2 blocks not present in 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869; present in 1872
In certain other districts, however, this same woodpecker, as Mr. Hudson states, frequents trees, and bores holes in the trunk for its nest. I may mention as another illustration of the varied habits of this genus, that a Mexican Colaptes has been described by De Saussure as boring holes into hard wood in order to lay up a store of acorns.

seen climbing branches, almost like a creeper; it
sometimes,
often,
like a shrike, kills small birds by blows on the head; and I have many times seen and heard it hammering the seeds of the yew on a branch, and thus breaking them like a nuthatch. In North America the black bear was seen by Hearne swimming for hours with widely open mouth, thus catching,
almost like
like
a whale, insects in the water. Even in so extreme a case as this, if the supply of insects were constant, and if better adapted competitors did not already exist in the country, I can see no difficulty in a race of bears being rendered, by natural selection, more and more aquatic in their structure and habits, with larger and larger mouths, till a creature was produced as monstrous as a whale.
As we sometimes see individuals of a species following habits
widely
widely
different from those both of their own species and
to
of
the other species of the same genus, we might
expect
expect,
on my theory, that such individuals would occasionally
have
have
give
given
rise to new species, having anomalous habits, and with their structure either slightly or considerably modified from that of their
proper
proper
type. And such instances
do
do
occur in nature. Can a more striking instance of adaptation be given than that of a woodpecker for climbing trees and
for
for
seizing insects in the chinks of the bark? Yet in North America there are woodpeckers which feed largely on fruit, and others with elongated wings which chase insects on the
wing.
wing;
On
and on
the plains of La Plata, where
hardly
not
a tree grows, there is a
woodpecker
woodpecker,
which in every essential part of its organisation, even in its colouring, in the harsh tone of its voice, and undulatory flight, told me plainly of its close blood-relationship to our common species; yet it is a woodpecker which never climbs a tree!
Petrels are the most
aërial
aërial
and oceanic of birds,
but
yet
in the quiet
sounds
Sounds
of Tierra del Fuego, the Puffinuria