Origin of Species Variorum

↑ 5 blocks not present in 1859 1860; present in 1861 1866 1869 1872

Why, it has been asked, if instinct be variable, has it not given to the bee "the ability to use some other material when wax was deficient? " But what other material could bees use? They will work with and use, as I have seen, wax hardened with vermilion and softened with lard. Andrew Knight observed that his bees, instead of laboriously collecting propolis, used a cement of wax and turpentine, with which he had covered decorticated trees. It has lately been shown that bees, instead of searching flowers for their pollen, will gladly use a very different substance, namely, oatmeal.

→ various animals 1859 1860 1861 1866

the various animals which 1869 1872

→ than of 1859 1860 1861 1866

in comparison with 1869 1872

→ general disposition of individuals 1859 1860 1861 1866

mental qualities of animals 1869 1872

→ is extremely diversified, can 1859 1860 1861 1866

vary much, could 1869 1872

→ a multitude of 1859 1860 1861 1866

many 1869 1872

→ certain species, which might, 1859 1860 1861 1866

wild animals, which, 1869 1872

→ give 1859 1860 1861 1866

might give 1869

might have given 1872

←Subtitle not present 1859 1860 1861 Inherited Changes of Habit or Instinct in Domesticated Animals. 1866 1869 1872

the migratory instinct, both in extent and direction, and in its total loss. So it is with the nests of birds, which vary partly in dependence on the situations chosen, and on the nature and temperature of the country inhabited, but often from causes wholly unknown to us: Audubon has given several remarkable cases of differences in

the nests

nests

of the same species in the northern and southern United States. ↑ Fear of any particular enemy is certainly an instinctive quality, as may be seen in nestling birds, though it is strengthened by experience, and by the sight of fear of the same enemy in other animals.

The

But

fear of man is slowly acquired, as I have elsewhere shown, by →various animals

inhabit

inhabiting

desert islands; and we

~~may~~

may

see an instance of

this

this,

even in England, in the greater wildness of all our large birds →than of our small birds; for the large birds have been most persecuted by man. We may safely attribute the greater wildness of our large birds to this cause; for in uninhabited islands large birds are not more fearful than small; and the magpie, so wary in England, is tame in Norway, as is the hooded crow in Egypt.

That the →general disposition of individuals of the same

kind,

species,

born in a state of nature, →is extremely diversified, can be shown by →a multitude of facts. Several

cases,

cases

could also

also, could

given

adduced

given,

of occasional and strange habits in →certain species, which might, if advantageous to the species, →give rise, through natural selection, to

~~quite~~

quite

new instincts. But I am well aware that these general statements, without

the facts

facts given

in detail,

will

can

produce but a feeble effect on the

readers

reader's

mind. I can only repeat my assurance, that I do not speak without good evidence. →

The possibility, or even probability, of inherited variations of instinct in a state of nature will be strengthened by briefly considering a few cases under