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1859
1860
1861
1866
1869
1872

Compare with:
1860
1861
1866
1869
1872

new varieties arising, which have 1859 1860 1861 1866
having 1869 1872

would naturally oftenest give rise to 1859 1860 1861 1866
would be the most likely to give birth to the greatest number of 1869
give birth to the greatest number of 1872

in their own homes, and are 1859 1860
and 1861 1866 1869 1872

having produced 1859 1860
compared with other plants within their own homes, having produced 1861
compared with other less dominant plants, producing 1866
producing 1869 1872

de Verneuil and d'Archiac. After referring to the parallelism of the palæozoic forms of life in various parts of Europe, they add,
"If,
"If
struck by this strange sequence, we turn our attention to North America, and there discover a series of analogous phenomena, it will appear certain that all these modifications of species, their extinction, and the introduction of new ones, cannot be owing to mere changes in marine currents or other causes more or less local and temporary, but depend on general laws which govern the whole animal kingdom." M. Barrande has made forcible remarks to precisely the same effect. It is, indeed, quite futile to look to changes of currents, climate, or other physical conditions, as the cause of these great mutations in the forms of life throughout the world, under the most different climates. We must, as Barrande has remarked, look to some special law. We shall see this more clearly when we treat of the present distribution of organic beings, and find how slight is the relation between the physical conditions of various
countries
countries,
and the nature of their inhabitants.
This great fact of the parallel succession of the forms of life throughout the world, is explicable on the theory of natural selection. New species are formed by new varieties arising, which have some advantage over older forms; and
the
those
forms, which are already dominant, or have some advantage over the other forms in their own country, would naturally oftenest give rise to new varieties or incipient
species.
species;
for
for
these
these
latter
latter
must
must
be
be
victorious
victorious
in
in
a
a
still
still
higher
higher
degree
degree
in
in
order
order
to
to
be
be
preserved
preserved
and
and
to
to
survive.
survive.
We have distinct evidence on this head, in the plants which are dominant, that is, which are commonest in their own homes, and are most widely diffused, having produced the greatest number of new varieties. It is also natural that the
dominant,
domi- nant,