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relation (as we shall hereafter see) 1859 1860 1861
affinity 1866 1869 1872

distribution of mammals and the depth 1859 1860 1861
mammals inhabiting islands with those 1866 1869 1872

sea,— 1859 1860 1861
nearest continent, being in part determined (as we shall hereafter see) by the depth of the intervening ocean,— 1866 1869 1872

seem to me 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869
are 1872

likewise seem to me 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869
are likewise 1872

favour 1859 1860 1861
of such islands favour 1866 1869 1872

mountain-ranges on the land, some at least of the islands would have been formed, like other 1859 1860 1861
continental mountain-ranges, some at least of the islands would have been formed, like other 1869 1872
OMIT 1866

distribution. 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869
distribution. I shall here confine myself to plants. 1872

for transport across the sea, the greater or less facilities 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869
the greater or less facilities for transport across the sea 1872

with each other, and with the many existing oceanic islands. Several facts in distribution,— such as the great difference in the marine faunas on the opposite sides of almost every continent,— the close relation of the tertiary inhabitants of several lands and even seas to their present inhabitants,—
the
a certain
degree of relation (as we shall hereafter see) between the distribution of mammals and the depth of the sea,— these and other such facts seem to me opposed to the admission of such prodigious geographical revolutions within the recent period, as are
necessary
necessitated
on the view advanced by Forbes and admitted by his
many
many
followers. The nature and relative proportions of the inhabitants of oceanic islands likewise seem to me opposed to the belief of their former continuity with continents. Nor does
the
their
almost universally volcanic composition favour the admission that they are the wrecks of sunken continents;— if they had originally existed as mountain-ranges on the land, some at least of the islands would have been formed, like other mountain-summits, of granite, metamorphic schists, old fossiliferous
and
or
other
such
such
rocks, instead of consisting of mere piles of volcanic matter.
I must now say a few words on what are called accidental means, but which more properly
should
might
be called occasional means of distribution. I shall here confine myself to plants. In botanical works, this or that plant is
often stated
stated
to be ill adapted for wide dissemination; but for transport across the sea, the greater or less facilities may be said to be almost wholly unknown. Until I tried, with Mr.
Berkeleys
Berkeley's
aid, a few experiments, it was not even known how far seeds could resist the
inju- rious
injurious
action of sea-water. To my surprise I found that out of 87 kinds, 64 germinated after an immersion of 28 days, and a few survived an immersion of 137 days.