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long 1859 1860
a long time 1861 1866

between 1859 1860 1861 1866
besides many closely allied species, between 1869 1872

Europe, 1859 1860 1861 1866
North America and Europe, 1869 1872

two points are; and there are many closely allied species. 1859 1860 1861 1866
areas in opposite hemispheres are from each other. 1869 1872

European 1859 1860 1861 1866
temperate European, some Antarctic, and some Andean 1869 1872

genera 1859 1860 1861 1869 1872
temperate, some antarctic, and some Andean genera 1866

countries. 1859 1860 1861 1869 1872
countries; and I have been informed that Agassiz has lately discovered plain marks of glacial action on these same mountains. 1866

the latest geological period. We have, also, excellent evidence, that it endured for an enormous time, as measured by years, at each point. The cold may have come on, or have ceased, earlier at one point of the globe than at another,
but,
but
seeing that it endured for long at each, and that it was contemporaneous in a geological sense, it seems
to me
to me
probable that it was, during a part at least of the period, actually simultaneous throughout the world. Without some distinct evidence to the contrary, we may at least admit as probable that the glacial action was simultaneous on the eastern and western sides of North America, in the Cordillera under the
equatorial,
equator and
tropical, and
under the
warmer temperate zones, and on both sides of the southern
portion
extremity
of the continent. If this be admitted, it is difficult to avoid believing that the temperature of the whole world was at this period simultaneously cooler. But it would suffice for my purpose, if the temperature
were
was
at the same time lower along certain broad belts of longitude.
On this view of the whole world, or at least of broad longitudinal belts, having been simultaneously colder from pole to pole, much light can be thrown on the present distribution of identical and allied species. In
South America,
America,
Dr. Hooker has shown that between forty and fifty of the flowering plants of Tierra del Fuego, forming no inconsiderable part of its scanty flora, are common to Europe, enormously remote as these two points are; and there are many closely allied species. On the lofty mountains of equatorial America a host of peculiar species belonging to European genera occur. On the
Organ
highest
mountains of Brazil, some few European genera were found by Gardner, which do not exist in the
low
wide
intervening hot countries.
On
So on
the Silla of
Caraccas,
Caraccas
the illustrious Humboldt long ago found species
belonging
belong- ing