Origin of Species Variorum

→ have 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

species have now 1872

→ from various sources 1859 1860 1861 1866

OMIT 1869 1872

→ number of kinds of inhabitants is scanty, 1859 1860 1861

number of the inhabitants is scanty 1866

species are few in number, 1869 1872

→ the 1859 1860 1861 1869 1872

in kind, the 1866

→ ( i . e . 1859

( I. e. 1860 1869

( i.e. 1861 1866 1872

→ expected on my theory, 1859 1860 1861 1866

theoretically expected, 1869 1872

→ in 1859 1860 1861

of time in 1866 1869 1872

→ with facility and 1859 1860 1861 1866

OMIT 1869 1872

→ disturbed. 1859

disturbed; and partly on the frequent arrival of unmodified immigrants from the mother-country, and the consequent intercrossing with them. 1860 1861

disturbed; and partly on the frequent arrival of un- modified immigrants from the mother-country, and the consequent intercrossing with them. 1866

disturbed; and partly on the frequent arrival of unmodified immigrants from the mother-country, with which the insular forms have intercrossed. 1869 1872

↑ 2 blocks not present in 1859; present in 1860 1861 1866 1869 1872

With respect to the effects of this intercrossing, it should be remembered that the offspring of such crosses would almost certainly gain in vigour; so that even an occasional cross would produce more effect than might at first have been anticipated. To give a few examples: in the Galapagos Islands nearly every land-bird, but only two out of the eleven marine birds, are peculiar; and it is obvious that marine birds could arrive at these islands more easily than land-birds.

plants; yet many →have

now become

become

naturalised on it, as they have

New Zealand and on every other oceanic island which can be named. In St. Helena there is reason to believe that the naturalised plants and animals have nearly or quite exterminated many native productions. He who admits the doctrine of the creation of each separate species, will have to

admit

admit,

that a sufficient number of the best adapted plants and animals

were

have

not

~~been~~

been

created

for

oceanic islands; for man has unintentionally stocked them →from various sources far more fully and perfectly than

did

has

nature.

Although in oceanic islands the →number of kinds of inhabitants is scanty, →the proportion of endemic

kinds

species

→ ( i . e . those found nowhere else in the world) is often extremely large. If we compare, for instance, the number of

~~the~~

the

endemic land-shells in Madeira, or of

~~the~~

the

endemic birds in the Galapagos Archipelago, with the number found on any continent, and then compare the area of the

island

islands

with that of the continent, we shall see that this is true. This fact might have been →expected on my theory, for, as already explained, species occasionally arriving after long intervals →in a new and isolated district, and having to compete with new associates,

would

will

be eminently liable to modification, and

would

will

often produce groups of modified descendants. But it by no means

follows

follows,

that, because in an island nearly all the species of one class are peculiar, those of another class, or of another section of the same class, are peculiar; and this difference seems to depend

partly on

the species which

are

not

~~become~~

become

modified having immigrated →with facility and in a body, so that their mutual relations have not been much →disturbed. ↑ Thus in the Galapagos Islands nearly every land-bird, but only two out of the eleven marine birds, are peculiar; and it is obvious that