Origin of Species Variorum

→ one endemic land bird; 1859

one endemic land-bird; 1860 1861 1866

a single endemic land-bird; 1869 1872

→ during their great annual migrations, visit either periodically or occasionally 1859 1860 1861

occasionally visit 1866

occasionally or even frequently visit 1869 1872

↑ 1 blocks not present in 1859 1860 1861; present in 1866 1869 1872

Almost every year, as I am informed by Mr. E. V. Harcourt, many European and African birds are blown to Madeira; this island is inhabited by 99 kinds, of which one alone is peculiar, though very closely related to a European form; and three or four other species are confined to this island and to the Canaries.

→ by 1859 1860 1861 1866

from the neighbouring continents with 1869 1872

→ struggled together in their former homes, and have 1859 1860 1861 1866

struggled together, and 1869

there struggled together, and have 1872

→ adapted to each other; and when settled in their new homes, each kind will have been kept by the others to their proper places and habits, and will consequently have been little liable to modification. 1859 1860 1861

adapted to each other; and when settled in their new homes, each kind will have been kept by the others to its proper place and habits, and will consequently have been little liable to modification. 1866

adapted; hence when settled in their new homes, each kind would be kept by the others to its proper place and habits, and would consequently be but little liable to modification. 1869

co-adapted. 1872

→ far more easily than land-shells, across three or four hundred miles of open sea. 1859 1861 1866

far more easily than land- shells, across three or four hundred miles of open sea. 1860

across three or four hundred miles of open sea far more easily than land-shells. 1869 1872

→ analogous facts. 1859 1860 1861 1866

nearly similar cases. 1869

nearly parallel cases. 1872

→ certain 1859 1860 1861

animals of certain whole 1866 1869 1872

→ the other inhabitants; 1859 1860 1861

animals belonging to other classes; thus 1866

other classes: thus 1869

other classes; thus 1872

→ the 1859 1860 1861 1866

or recently took, the 1869 1872

→ In the plants of the Galapagos Islands, 1859 1860 1861 1866

Turning to plants, 1869 1872

→ the 1859 1860 1861 1866

in the Galapagos Islands the 1869 1872

marine birds could arrive at these islands more easily than land-birds. Bermuda, on the other hand, which lies at about the same distance from North America as the Galapagos Islands do from South America, and which has a very peculiar soil, does not possess →one endemic land bird; and we know from Mr. J. M.

Joness

Jones's

admirable account of Bermuda, that very many North American

birds

birds,

→during their great annual migrations, visit either periodically or occasionally this island. ↑ Madeira does not possess one peculiar bird, and many European and African birds are almost every year blown there, as I am informed by Mr. E. V. Harcourt. So that

the two

the

these two

Islands

islands

of Bermuda and Madeira have been stocked →by birds, which for long ages have →struggled together in their former homes, and have become mutually →adapted to each other; and when settled in their new homes, each kind will have been kept by the others to their proper places and habits, and will consequently have been little liable to modification.

Madeira

Madeira,

again

again,

is inhabited by a wonderful number of peculiar land-shells, whereas not one species of sea-shell is

peculiar

confined

to its

shores;

shores:

now, though we do not know how sea-shells are dispersed, yet we can see that their eggs or larvæ, perhaps attached to

sea-weed

seaweed

or floating timber, or to the feet of wading-birds, might be transported →far more easily than land-shells, across three or four hundred miles of open sea. The different orders of insects

inhabiting

Madeira

~~apparently~~

apparently

present →analogous facts.

Oceanic islands are sometimes deficient in →certain classes, and their places are

~~apparently~~

apparently

occupied by →the other inhabitants; in the Galapagos Islands reptiles, and in New Zealand gigantic wingless birds,

take,

take

→the place of mammals. →In the plants of the Galapagos Islands, Dr. Hooker has shown that →the proportional numbers of the different orders are very different from