| ←Subtitle not present 1859 1860 1861 Classification
. 1866 1869 1872 |
| → the first dawn of life, all 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
| a very remote period in the history of the world 1869 |
| the most remote period in the history of the world 1872 |
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| → are found to 1859 1860 1861 1866 |
| have 1869 |
| have been found to 1872 |
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| → it 1859 1860 |
| within each country it 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
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| → which 1859 1860 |
| in each class, which 1861 1866 1869 1872 |
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| → as I believe, 1859 1860 1861 |
| OMIT 1866 1869 1872 |
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CHAPTER
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| MUTUAL AFFINITIES OF ORGANIC BEINGS:
EMBRYOLOGY: RUDIMENTARY ORGANS. |
| CLASSIFICATION, groups subordinate to groups— Natural system— Rules and difficulties in classification, explained on the theory of descent with modification— Classification of varieties— Descent always used in classification— Analogical or adaptive characters— Affinities, general,
and radiating— Extinction separates and defines groups— MORPHOLOGY, between members of the same class, between parts of the same individual— EMBRYOLOGY, laws of, explained by variations not supervening at an early age, and being inherited at a corresponding age— RUDIMENTARY ORGANS; their origin explained— Summary. →
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| FROM
→the first dawn of life, all
organic beings
→are found to
each other in descending degrees, so that they can be classed in groups under groups. This classification is
not arbitrary like the grouping of the stars in constellations. The existence of groups would have been of simple
if one group had been exclusively fitted to inhabit the land, and another the water; one to feed on flesh, another on vegetable matter, and so on; but the case is widely
for it is notorious how commonly members of even the same sub-group have different habits. In
second and fourth chapters, on Variation and on Natural Selection, I have attempted to show that
→it
is the widely ranging, the much diffused and common, that is the dominant
belonging to the larger
→which
vary most. The varieties, or incipient species, thus
ultimately become
→as I believe,
into new and distinct species; and these, on the principle of inheritance, tend to produce other new and dominant
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