Origin of Species Variorum

→ pistil, which is in a rudimentary state, 1859 1860 1861 1866

rudimentary pistil, 1869 1872

→ with hairs as in other compositæ, for the purpose of brushing 1859 1860 1861 1866

with hairs, in the usual manner, for brushing 1869

in the usual manner with hairs, which serve to brush 1872

→ anthers. 1859 1860 1861

and conjoined anthers. 1866 1869 1872

↑ 1 blocks not present in 1859; present in 1860 1861 1866 1869 1872

Organs, however little developed, if of use, should not be called rudimentary; they cannot properly be said to be in an atrophied condition; they may be called nascent, and may hereafter be developed to any extent by natural selection.

→ individuals of the same species are very liable to vary in degree of development and in other respects. Moreover, in closely allied species, the degree to which the same organ has been rendered rudimentary occasionally differs much. 1859

other hand, are essentially useless, as teeth which never cut through the gums; in a still less developed condition, they would be of still less use. 1860

other hand, are essentially useless, as teeth which never cut through the gums. 1861 1866 1869

other hand, are either quite useless, such as teeth which never cut through the gums, or almost useless, such as the wings of an ostrich, which serve merely as sails. 1872

→ in certain groups. 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

belonging to the same family. 1872

→ we find in an 1859 1860 1861 1866

in certain 1869 1872

→ no trace of an organ, 1859 1860 1861 1866

parts are entirely absent 1869 1872

→ and which is 1859 1860 1861 1866

and which are 1869

in them, and which are 1872

→ the snapdragon (antirrhinum) we generally do not find a rudiment of a 1859 1860 1861

some Scrophulariaceæ we rarely find even a rudiment of a 1866

most of the Scrophulariaceæ the 1869 1872

→ but this may sometimes 1859 1860 1861 1866

is utterly aborted; yet we may conclude that a fifth stamen once existed, for a rudiment of it is found in many species of the family, and this rudiment occasionally becomes perfectly developed, as may 1869

→ seen. 1859 1860 1861

seen plainly or fully developed. 1866

seen in the common snap-dragon. 1869 1872

→ or more necessary, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

or, in order fully to understand the relations of the parts, more useful 1872

→ than the use and 1859 1860 1861 1866

in order fully to understand the relations of the parts, than the 1869

than the 1872

→ leg of the 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

OMIT 1872

supported on

its

the

style; but in some

compositæ,

Compositæ,

the male florets, which of course cannot be fecundated, have a →pistil, which is in a rudimentary state, for it is not crowned with a stigma; but the style remains well

developed

developed,

and is clothed →with hairs as in other compositæ, for the purpose of brushing the pollen out of the surrounding →anthers. Again, an organ may become rudimentary for its proper purpose, and be used for a distinct

one:

object:

in certain

fishes

fish

the

swimbladder

swim bladder

swim-bladder

seems to be

nearly rudimentary

rudimentary

for its proper function of giving buoyancy, but has become converted into a nascent breathing organ or lung.

Many

Other

similar instances could be given. ↑

Rudimentary

organs,

organs

the →individuals of the same species are very liable to vary in degree of development and in other respects. Moreover, in closely allied species, the degree to which the same organ has been rendered rudimentary occasionally differs much. This latter fact is well exemplified in the state of the wings

of the

female moths →in certain groups. Rudimentary organs may be utterly aborted; and this implies, that →we find in an

animals

animal

plants,

plant

→no trace of an organ, which analogy would lead us to expect to

find

find,

→and which is occasionally found in monstrous

individuals.

individuals

~~the~~

the

~~species.~~

species.

Thus in →the snapdragon (antirrhinum) we generally do not find a rudiment of a fifth

stamen

stamen;

→but this may sometimes be →seen. In tracing the homologies of

any

the same

part in different

mem- bers

members

the same

class, nothing is more common, →or more necessary, →than the use and discovery of rudiments. This is well shown in the drawings given by Owen of the

leg-bones

bones

of the →leg of the horse, ox, and rhinoceros.

It is an important fact that rudimentary organs, such as teeth in the upper jaws of whales and ruminants, can often be detected in the embryo, but afterwards wholly disappear. It is also, I believe, a universal