Origin of Species Variorum

→ records, more especially 1859 1860 1861

times, 1866 1869 1872

→ breeds; and that some of 1859 1860 1861

lake-habitations of Switzerland, much diversity in 1866 1869 1872

→ closely resemble, perhaps are 1859 1860 1861

and that some of these ancient breeds closely resemble or are even 1866 1869

and that some of these ancient breeds closely resemble, or are even 1872

↑ 3 blocks not present in 1859 1860 1861; present in 1866 1869 1872

But this only throws far backwards the history of civilization, and shows that animals were domesticated at a much earlier period than has hitherto been supposed. The lake-inhabitants of Switzerland cultivated several kinds of wheat and barley, the pea, the poppy for oil, and flax; and they possessed several domesticated animals; they had also commerce with other nations. All this clearly shows, as Heer has remarked, that they had at this early age progressed considerably in civilization; and this again implies a long-continued previous period of less advanced civilization, during which the domesticated animals, kept by the different tribes and in different districts, might have varied and given rise to distinct races.

↑ 1 blocks not present in 1859 1860 1861 1866; present in 1869 1872

Since the discovery of flint tools or celts in the superficial formations in many parts of the world, all geologists believe that barbarian man existed at an enormously remote period; and we know that at the present day there is hardly a tribe so barbarous as not to have domesticated at least the dog.

→ I should think, 1859 1860

OMIT 1861 1866 1869 1872

→ that these had 1859 1860

it is probable that these 1861

it is probable that these are 1866

it is almost certain that they are 1869 1872

→ more than one wild parent. 1859 1860 1861

several wild parents, — whether or not these deserve to be called species or races. 1866

two or three wild progenitors, — whether or not these deserve to be called species or races. 1869

two or three wild progenitors, — whether or not these deserve to be called species. 1872

→ doubtfully 1859 1860 1869 1872

with much doubt 1861 1866

→ have descended from one wild stock. 1859 1860 1861 1866

belong to the same species. 1869 1872

of our domestic animals is, that we find in the most ancient →records, more especially on the monuments of Egypt,

and

much diversity

in the →breeds; and that some of the

breeds;

breeds

→closely resemble, perhaps are identical

with

with,

those still existing. ↑ ↑ Even if this latter fact were found more strictly and generally true than seems to me to be the case, what does it show, but that some of our breeds originated there, four or five thousand years ago? But Mr. Horner's researches have rendered it in some degree probable that man sufficiently civilized to have manufactured pottery existed in the valley of the Nile thirteen or fourteen thousand years ago; and who will pretend to say how long before these ancient periods, savages, like those of Tierra del Fuego or Australia, who possess a semi-domestic dog, may not have existed in Egypt?

The whole subject must, I think, remain vague;

neverthelsss,

nevertheless,

I may, without here entering on any details, state that, from geographical and other considerations, I think it highly probable that our domestic dogs have descended from several wild species. Knowing, as we do, that savages are very fond of taming animals, it seems to me unlikely, in the case of the dog-genus, which is distributed in a wild state throughout the world, that since man first appeared one single species alone should have been domesticated. In regard to sheep and goats I can form no

decided opinion.

opinion.

→I should think,

From

from

facts communicated to me by Mr. Blyth, on the habits, voice,

~~and~~

and

constitution,

and structure

&c.,

of the humped Indian cattle, →that these had descended from a different aboriginal stock from our European cattle; and

some

several

competent judges believe that these latter have had →more than one wild parent. With respect to horses, from reasons which I cannot

here give,

give here,

I am →doubtfully inclined to believe, in opposition to several authors, that all the races →have descended from one wild stock.