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If 1859 1860 1861 1866 1872
If, for instance, 1869

I have no doubt that 1859 1860
we cannot doubt that 1861 1866
OMIT 1869 1872

due to some quite distinct cause, probably 1859 1860 1861 1866
probably in chief part due 1869 1872

the hooks 1859 1860 1861 1866
and which there is reason to believe from the distribution of the thorn-bearing species in Africa and South America, serves as a defence against browsing quad- rupeds, so the hooks 1869
and which, as there is reason to believe from the distribution of the thorn-bearing species in Africa and South America, serve as a defence against browsing quadrupeds, so the spikes 1872

have arisen from unknown laws of growth, and 1859 1860 1861 1866
first 1869
at first 1872

subsequently 1859 1860 1861 1866
developed for this object, and subsequently been 1869
developed for this object, and subsequently have been improved and 1872

undergoing 1859 1860 1861 1866
as it underwent 1869 1872

producing slight and unimportant variations; 1859 1860 1861 1866
of each slight variation or individual difference; 1869 1872

remarks. If green woodpeckers alone had existed, and we did not know that there were many black and pied kinds, I dare say that we should have thought that the green colour was a beautiful adaptation to
conceal
hide
this tree-frequenting bird from its enemies; and consequently that it was a character of
importance,
importance
and
had
might have
been acquired through natural selection; as it is, I have no doubt that the colour is due to some quite distinct cause, probably to sexual selection. A trailing
palm
bamboo
in the Malay
Archipelego
Archipelago
climbs the loftiest trees by the aid of exquisitely constructed hooks clustered around the ends of the branches, and this contrivance, no doubt, is of the highest service to the plant; but as we see nearly similar hooks on many trees which are not climbers, the hooks on the
palm
bamboo
may have arisen from unknown laws of growth, and have been subsequently taken advantage of by the
plant,
plant
undergoing further modification and
became
becoming
a climber. The naked skin on the head of a vulture is generally
considered
looked at
as a direct adaptation for wallowing in putridity; and so it may be, or it may possibly be due to the direct action of putrid matter; but we should be very cautious in drawing any such inference, when we see that the skin on the head of the clean-feeding male
Turkey
turkey
is likewise naked. The sutures in the skulls of young mammals have been advanced as a beautiful adaptation for aiding parturition, and no doubt they facilitate, or may be indispensable for this act; but as sutures occur in the skulls of young birds and reptiles, which have only to escape from a broken egg, we may infer that this structure has arisen from the laws of growth, and has been taken advantage of in the parturition of the higher animals.
We are profoundly ignorant of the
cause
causes
producing slight and unimportant variations; and we are
immediately
immedi- ately