Origin of Species Variorum

↑ 2 blocks not present in 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869; present in 1872

It is a much more probable view that the rattlesnake uses its rattle, the cobra expands its frill, and the puff-adder swells whilst hissing so loudly and harshly, in order to alarm the many birds and beasts which are known to attack even the most venomous species. Snakes act on the same principle which makes the hen ruffle her feathers and expand her wings when a dog approaches her chickens; but I have not space here to enlarge on the many ways by which animals endeavour to frighten away their enemies.

↑ 4 blocks not present in 1859 1860 1861; present in 1866 1869 1872

Natural selection will never produce in a being anything injurious to itself, for natural selection acts solely by and for the good of each. No organ will be formed, as Paley has remarked, for the purpose of causing pain or for doing an injury to its possessor. If a fair balance be struck between the good and evil caused by each part, each will be found on the whole advantageous. After the lapse of time, under changing conditions of life, if any part comes to be injurious, it will be modified; or if it be not so, the being will become extinct, as myriads have become extinct.

→ will never produce in a being anything injurious to itself, for natural selection acts solely by and for the good of each. 1859 1860 1861

tends only to make each organic being as perfect as, or slightly more perfect than, the other inhabitants of the same country with which it has to struggle for existence. 1866

→ No organ will be formed, as Paley has remarked, for the purpose of causing pain or for doing an injury to its possessor. 1859 1860 1861

And we see that this is the degree of perfection attained under nature. 1866

→ If a fair balance be struck between the good and evil caused by each part, each will be found on the whole advantageous. 1859 1860 1861

The endemic productions of New Zealand, for instance, are perfect one compared with another; but they are now rapidly yielding before the advancing legions of plants and animals introduced from Europe. 1866

→ tends only to make each organic being as perfect as, or slightly more perfect than, the other inhabitants of the same country with which it has to struggle for existence. 1859 1860 1861 1869

will not produce absolute perfection, nor do we always meet, as far as we can judge, with this high standard under nature. 1866

tends only to make each organic being as perfect as, or slightly more perfect than, the other inhabitants of the same country with which it comes into competition. 1872

in the living bodies of other insects. If it could be proved that any part of the structure of any one species had been formed for the exclusive good of another species, it would annihilate my theory, for such could not have been produced through natural selection. Although many statements may be found in works on natural history to this effect, I cannot find even one which seems to me of any weight. It is admitted that the rattlesnake has a poison-fang for its own

defence,

defence

and for the destruction of its prey; but some authors suppose that at the same time

this snake

is furnished with a rattle for its own injury, namely, to warn its

prey.

prey

~~escape.~~

escape.

I would almost as soon believe that the cat curls the end of its tail when preparing to spring, in order to warn the doomed mouse. ↑ But I have not space here to enter on this and other such cases. ↑

Natural selection →will never produce in a being anything injurious to itself, for natural selection acts solely by and for the good of each. →No organ will be formed, as Paley has remarked, for the purpose of causing pain or for doing an injury to its possessor. →If a fair balance be struck between the good and evil caused by each part, each will be found on the whole advantageous. After the lapse of time, under changing conditions of life, if any part comes to be injurious, it will be modified; or if it be not so, the being will become extinct, as myriads have become extinct.

Natural selection →tends only to make each organic being as perfect as, or slightly more perfect than, the other inhabitants of the same country with which it has to struggle for existence. And we see that this is the

standard

degree

of perfection attained under nature. The endemic productions of New Zealand, for instance, are perfect one compared with another; but they are now rapidly yielding before the advancing legions of plants