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born, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869
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selection. If we admire the several ingenious contrivances, by which the flowers of the orchis and of many other plants are fertilised through insect agency, can we consider as equally perfect the elaboration by our fir-trees of dense clouds of pollen, in order that a few granules may be wafted by a chance breeze on to the ovules? 1860
selection. 1859 1861 1866 1869 1872

2 blocks not present in 1860; present in 1859 1861 1866 1869 1872
If we admire the several ingenious contrivances, by which the flowers of the orchis and of many other plants are fertilised through insect agency, can we consider as equally perfect the elaboration by our fir-trees of dense clouds of pollen, in order that a few granules may be wafted by a chance breeze on to the ovules? Summary of Chapter .—

←Subtitle not present 1860 Summary of Chapter .— 1859 1861 1866 1869 1872
Summary of Chapter. — We 1860
We 1859 1861 1866 1869 1872

young
queens,
queens
her
daughters,
daughters
as soon as born, or to perish herself in the combat; for undoubtedly this is for the good of the community; and maternal love or maternal hatred, though the latter fortunately is most rare, is all the same to the inexorable principle of natural selection. If we admire the several ingenious contrivances, by which the flowers of the orchis and of many other plants are fertilised through insect agency, can we consider as equally perfect the elaboration by our fir-trees of dense clouds of pollen, in order that a few granules may be wafted by a chance breeze on to the ovules?
Summary of Chapter. — We have in this chapter discussed some of the difficulties and objections which may be urged against
the
my
theory. Many of them are
very grave;
serious;
very serious;
but I think that in the discussion light has been thrown on several facts, which on the
belief
theory
of independent acts of creation are utterly obscure. We have seen that species at any one period are not indefinitely variable, and are not linked together by a multitude of intermediate
graduations,
gradations,
partly because the process of natural selection
is
will
always
be
be
very slow, and
will act,
will act,
at any one
time
time,
acts only
only
on a
very
very
few forms; and partly because the very process of natural selection
almost
almost
implies the continual supplanting and extinction of
proceeding
preceding
and intermediate
graduations.
gradations.
Closely allied species, now living on a continuous area, must often have been formed when the area was not continuous, and when the conditions of life did not insensibly graduate away from one part to another. When two varieties are formed in two districts of a continuous area, an intermediate variety will often be formed, fitted for an intermediate zone; but from reasons assigned, the intermediate variety will usually exist in lesser numbers than