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1859
1860
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→ tools, and not 1860 1861
weapons, and not 1859
tools, whilst man works 1866 1869 1872
→ am bound to 1859 1860 1861
must 1866 1869 1872
→ of the fact. 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869
to this conclusion. 1872
→ in structure can 1859 1860 1861 1866
may 1869 1872
→ and as we must call them accidental, 1859 1860 1861
and spontaneous 1866
spontaneous 1869 1872
→ no amount of exercise, or habit, or volition, in the utterly sterile members of a community could possibly 1860 1861
no amount of exercise, or habit, or volition, in the utterly sterile members of a community could possibly have 1859
no amount of exercise, or habit, or volition, in the utterly sterile members of a community, could possibly 1866
peculiar habits confined to the workers or sterile females, however long they might be followed, could not possibly 1869 1872
→ structure or instincts of the fertile members, 1859 1860 1861 1866
males and fertile female, 1869
males and fertile females, 1872
→ Lamarck. 1859 1860
inherited habit advanced by Lamarck. 1861 1866
inherited habit, as advanced by Lamarck. 1869 1872
→ briefly in this chapter 1859 1860 1861
in this chapter briefly 1866 1869 1872
their parents, has originated. We can see how useful their production may have been to a social community of
ants,
insects,
on the same principle that the division of labour is useful to civilised man.
Ants, however,
As ants
work by inherited instincts and by inherited
tools
organs
or →tools, and not by acquired knowledge and manufactured
instruments.
instruments,
a
a
perfect
perfect
division
division
of
of
labour
labour
could
could
be
be
effected
effected
with
with
them
them
only
only
by
by
the
the
workers
workers
being
being
sterile;
sterile;
for
for
had
had
they
they
been
been
fertile,
fertile,
they
they
would
would
have
have
intercrossed,
intercrossed,
and
and
their
their
instincts
instincts
and
and
structure
structure
would
would
have
have
become
become
blended.
blended.
And nature has, as I believe, effected this admirable division of labour in the communities of ants, by the means of natural selection. But I →am bound to confess, that, with all my faith in
natural selection,
this principle,
I should never have anticipated that
this principle
natural selection
could have been efficient in so high a degree, had not the case of these neuter insects
led
convinced
me →of the fact. I have, therefore, discussed this case, at some little but wholly insufficient length, in order to show the power of natural selection, and likewise because this is by far the most serious special
difficulty
difficulty,
which my theory has encountered. The case, also, is very interesting, as it proves that with animals, as with plants, any amount of modification →in structure can be effected by the accumulation of numerous, slight, →and as we must call them accidental, variations, which are in any
way
manner
profitable, without exercise or habit having
been brought
come
into play. For →no amount of exercise, or habit, or volition, in the utterly sterile members of a community could possibly
affected
affect
the →structure or instincts of the fertile members, which alone leave descendants. I am surprised that no one has
hitherto advanced
advanced
this demonstrative case of neuter insects, against the well-known doctrine of →Lamarck.
Summary .—
Summary .
Summary .
Summary. —
I have endeavoured →briefly in this chapter