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1859
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level. 1859 1860 1861 1866
level, as well as the subsequent subaerial degradation. 1869 1872

judging from the researches of E. Forbes , we may conclude that 1859 1860 1861
judging from the rescarches of E. Forbes , we may conclude that 1866
OMIT 1869 1872

extremely few animals, 1859 1860
few animals, 1861 1866
so many and such varied forms of life, as the more shallow seas; 1869 1872

and the mass when upraised will give a most imperfect record of the forms of life which then existed; or, 1859 1860
but it will not be, as we at last know from the telegraphic soundings, barren of life; consequently the mass when up-raised will give a most imperfect record of the forms of life which existed during the period of deposition. Or, 1861
but it will not be, as we now know from telegraphic and other deep soundings, barren of life; consequently the mass when upraised will give a most imperfect record of the forms of life which existed during the period of deposition. Or, 1866
and the mass when upraised will give an imperfect record of the organisms which existed throughout the world during the period of its accumulation. Or, 1869
and the mass when upraised will give an imperfect record of the organisms which existed in the neighbourhood during the period of its accumulation. Or, 1872

thus a 1859 1860 1861 1866
varied forms, and thus a rich 1869 1872

rich 1859 1860
throughout the greater part of their thickness rich 1861
throughout the greater part of their thickness rich 1866 1869 1872

and peculiar marine faunas will probably be preserved to a distant age. A little reflection will explain
why,
why
along the rising coast of the western side of South America, no extensive formations with recent or tertiary remains can anywhere be found, though the supply of sediment must for ages have been great, from the enormous degradation of the coast-rocks and from muddy streams entering the sea. The explanation, no doubt, is, that the littoral and sub-littoral deposits are continually worn away, as soon as they are brought up by the slow and gradual rising of the land within the grinding action of the coast-waves.
We may, I think,
safely
safely
conclude that sediment must be accumulated in extremely thick, solid, or extensive masses, in order to withstand the incessant action of the waves, when first upraised and during
successive
subsequent
oscillations of level. Such thick and extensive accumulations of sediment may be formed in two ways;
either
either,
in profound depths of the sea, in which
case
case,
judging from the researches of E. Forbes , we may conclude that the bottom will
not be
be
inhabited by extremely few animals, and the mass when upraised will give a most imperfect record of the forms of life which then existed; or, sediment may be
deposited
accumulated
to any thickness and extent over a shallow bottom, if it continue slowly to subside. In this latter case, as long as the rate of subsidence and
the supply
supply
of sediment nearly balance each other, the sea will remain shallow and favourable for
many
life,
and thus a
rich fossiliferous
fossiliferous
formation,
formation
thick enough, when upraised, to resist
almost any
a large
any
amount of
denudation,
degradation,
may be formed.
I am convinced that
nearly all
all
our ancient formations, which are rich
in
in
fossils ,
fossils,
fossils,
have thus been formed during subsidence. Since publishing my views on this subject in 1845, I have watched the progress of