Origin of Species Variorum

→ every kind have had on distribution, 1859 1860 1861 1866

all kinds, 1869 1872

→ confined to one area. 1859 1860

if they have a wide range that their range is continuous. 1861

confined to the same country, or if they have a wide range that their range is continuous. 1866 1869 1872

→ be, if, when coming 1859 1860 1861

be if a directly opposite rule were to prevail, when we go down 1866

be, if a directly opposite rule were to prevail, when we go down 1869 1872

→ a directly opposite rule prevailed; and species were not local, but had been produced in two or more distinct areas! 1859 1860

a directly opposite rule prevailed; and species were not local, but had been produced in two or more quite distinct areas! 1861

and these had not been, at least at first, confined to some one region! 1866 1869 1872

or South America? The conditions of life are nearly the same, so that a multitude of European animals and plants have become naturalised in America and Australia; and some of the aboriginal plants are identically the same at these distant points of the northern and southern hemispheres? The answer, as I believe, is, that mammals have not been able to migrate, whereas some plants, from their varied means of dispersal, have migrated across the

wide

vast

and broken

interspaces.

interspace.

The great and striking influence

which

barriers of →every kind have had on distribution, is intelligible only on the view that the great majority of species have been produced on one

side,

side

~~alone,~~

alone,

and have not been able to migrate to the

opposite

other

side. Some few families, many sub-families, very many genera, and a still greater number of sections of

genera,

genera

are confined to a single region; and it has been observed by several naturalists, that the most natural genera, or those genera in which the species are most closely related to each other, are generally

~~local, or~~

local, or

→confined to one area. What a strange anomaly it would →be, if, when coming one step lower in the series,

namely, to

the individuals of the same species, →a directly opposite rule prevailed; and species were not local, but had been produced in two or more distinct areas!

Hence it seems to me, as it has to many other naturalists, that the view of each species having been produced in one area alone, and having subsequently migrated from that area as far as its powers of migration and subsistence under past and present conditions permitted, is the most probable. Undoubtedly many cases occur, in which we cannot explain how the same species could have passed from one point to the other. But the geographical and climatal changes, which have certainly occurred within recent geological times, must have

~~interrupted or~~

interrupted or

rendered discontinuous the

formerly

for- merly