Origin of Species Variorum

↑ 1 blocks not present in 1859 1860 1861; present in 1866 1869 1872

In the Lebanon, according to Dr. Hooker, perpetual snow formerly covered the central axis, and feed glaciers which rolled 4000 feet down its valleys.

→ gigantic ancient 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

ancient and gigantic 1872

→ as 1859 1860 1861 1866

of the continent, as 1869 1872

→ glaciers 1859 1860 1861 1866

nearly under the equator, glaciers 1869 1872

→ was astonished at the structure of 1859 1860

examined 1861 1866 1869 1872

→ about 800 feet in height, crossing a valley of the Andes; and this I now feel convinced was a gigantic moraine, left far below any existing glacier. 1859 1860

with great boulders, crossing the Portillo valley, which there can hardly be a doubt once formed a huge moraine; and Mr. D. Forbes informs me that he found in various parts of the Cordillera, from lat. 13° to 30° S., at about the height of 12,000 feet, deeply-furrowed rocks, resembling those with which he was familiar in Norway, and likewise great masses of detritus, including grooved pebbles. 1869

→ from 1859 1860 1861 1869 1872

former glacial action, in huge boulders transported far from 1866

But we must return to our more immediate

subject.

~~the~~

~~Glacial~~

~~period.~~

I am convinced that

Forbess

Forbes's

view may be largely extended. In Europe we

meet with

have

the plainest evidence of the

Glacial

cold

period, from the western shores of Britain to the Oural range, and southward to the Pyrenees. We may

infer,

infer

from the frozen mammals and nature of the mountain vegetation, that Siberia was similarly affected. ↑ Along the Himalaya, at points 900 miles apart, glaciers have left the marks of their former low descent; and in Sikkim, Dr. Hooker saw maize growing on →gigantic ancient moraines. South of the equator, we have some direct evidence of former glacial action in New Zealand; and the same plants, found on widely separated mountains in

this

that

island, tell the same story. If one account which has been published can be trusted, we have direct evidence of glacial action in the south-eastern corner of Australia.

Looking to

America:

America;

in the northern half, ice-borne fragments of rock have been observed on the eastern side →as far south as lat.

36°-37°,

36°— 37°,

36°-37°,

and on the shores of the Pacific, where the climate is now so different, as far south as lat.

46°;

46°.

46°;