Origin of Species Variorum

→ vary on an average 1859 1860 1861

on an average vary 1866 1869 1872

→ OMIT 1861 1866 1869 1872

I do not think 1859 1860

→ records, more especially 1859 1860 1861

times, 1866 1869 1872

→ breeds; and that some of 1859 1860 1861

lake-habitations of Switzerland, much diversity in 1866 1869 1872

→ closely resemble, perhaps are 1859 1860 1861

and that some of these ancient breeds closely resemble or are even 1866 1869

and that some of these ancient breeds closely resemble, or are even 1872

↑ 3 blocks not present in 1859 1860 1861; present in 1866 1869 1872

But this only throws far backwards the history of civilization, and shows that animals were domesticated at a much earlier period than has hitherto been supposed. The lake-inhabitants of Switzerland cultivated several kinds of wheat and barley, the pea, the poppy for oil, and flax; and they possessed several domesticated animals; they had also commerce with other nations. All this clearly shows, as Heer has remarked, that they had at this early age progressed considerably in civilization; and this again implies a long-continued previous period of less advanced civilization, during which the domesticated animals, kept by the different tribes and in different districts, might have varied and given rise to distinct races.

↑ 1 blocks not present in 1859 1860 1861 1866; present in 1869 1872

Since the discovery of flint tools or celts in the superficial formations in many parts of the world, all geologists believe that barbarian man existed at an enormously remote period; and we know that at the present day there is hardly a tribe so barbarous as not to have domesticated at least the dog.

→ sufficiently civilized state to have manufactured weapons, 1861

barbarous condition 1866

→ a period extremely remote as measured by years; 1861

an enormously remote period; 1866

→ more or less mingled, 1861

more or less mingled 1866

in some cases mingled together, 1869 1872

doubt that if other animals and plants, equal in number to our domesticated productions, and belonging to equally diverse classes and countries, were taken from a state of nature, and could be made to breed for an equal number of generations under domestication, they would →vary on an average as largely as the parent species of our existing domesticated productions have varied.

In the case of most of our anciently domesticated animals and plants, →OMIT it is

possible

not possible

to come to any definite conclusion, whether they

are

have

descended from one or several

species.

wild species.

The argument mainly relied on by those who believe in the multiple origin of our domestic animals is, that we find in the most ancient →records, more especially on the monuments of Egypt,

and

much diversity

in the →breeds; and that some of the

breeds;

breeds

→closely resemble, perhaps are identical

with

with,

those still existing. ↑ ↑ Even if this latter fact were found more strictly and generally true than seems to me to be the case, what does it show, but that some of our breeds originated there, four or five thousand years ago? Since the

~~recent~~

recent

discovery

discoveries

of flint tools or celts in the superficial

formations

deposits

of France and England,

all

few

geologists

believe

will doubt

that

man

man,

in a →sufficiently civilized state to have manufactured weapons, existed at →a period extremely remote as measured by years; and we know that at the present day there is hardly a tribe so barbarous as not to have domesticated at least the dog.

The origin of most of our domestic animals will probably for ever remain vague. But I may here state,

that,

that

looking to the domestic dogs of the whole world, I have, after a laborious collection of all known facts, come to the conclusion that several wild species of Canidæ have been tamed, and that their blood, →more or less mingled,