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the two Worlds. 1859 1860 1861
Europe and N. America. 1866 1869 1872

many 1859 1860 1861
some still 1866 1869
some closely allied, still 1872

tertiary representative 1859 1860 1861
of some tertiary closely allied 1866 1869
extinct tertiary 1872

areas now 1859 1860 1861
these two areas being now completely 1866 1869 1872

a 1859 1860 1861
the breadth of a whole 1866 1869 1872

nearly a hemisphere of equatorial 1859 1860 1861
a wide space of 1866 1869
wide spaces of 1872

relationship, without identity, of the inhabitants of seas now disjoined, and likewise of the past and present inhabitants of the temperate lands 1859 1860 1861
close relationship in many species either now or formerly inhabiting the seas on the eastern and western shores 1866
close relationship in species either now or formerly inhabiting the seas on the eastern and western shores 1869 1872

and 1859 1860 1861
the Mediterranean and Japan, and the temperate lands of North America and 1866 1869 1872

the southern continents of the Old World, 1859 1860 1861
parts of South Africa or Australia, 1866 1869 1872

several mountain-ranges and on the arctic lands of the two Worlds. Hence it has come, that when we compare the now living productions of the temperate regions of the New and Old Worlds, we find very few identical species (though Asa Gray has lately shown that more plants are identical than was formerly supposed), but we find in every great class many forms, which some naturalists rank as geographical races, and others as distinct species; and a host of closely allied or representative forms which are ranked by all naturalists as specifically distinct.
As on the land, so in the waters of the sea, a slow southern migration of a marine fauna,
which,
which
during the Pliocene or even a somewhat earlier period, was nearly uniform along the continuous shores of the Polar Circle, will account, on the theory of modification, for many closely allied forms now living in
marine areas
areas
completely sundered. Thus, I think, we can understand the presence of many existing and tertiary representative
forms,
forms
on the eastern and western shores of temperate North America; and the still more striking
fact
case
of many closely allied crustaceans (as described in
Danas
Dana's
admirable work),
of
of
some fish and other marine animals,
inhabiting
in
the Mediterranean and
in
in
the seas of Japan,— areas now separated by a continent and by nearly a hemisphere of equatorial ocean.
These cases of relationship, without identity, of the inhabitants of seas now disjoined, and likewise of the past and present inhabitants of the temperate lands of North
America,
America
and Europe, are inexplicable on the theory of creation. We cannot
maintain
say
that
such species
they
have been created alike, in correspondence with the nearly similar physical conditions of the areas; for if we compare, for instance, certain parts of South America with the southern continents of the Old World, we see countries closely