Origin of Species Variorum

→ pistil, which is in a rudimentary state, 1859 1860 1861 1866

rudimentary pistil, 1869 1872

→ with hairs as in other compositæ, for the purpose of brushing 1859 1860 1861 1866

with hairs, in the usual manner, for brushing 1869

in the usual manner with hairs, which serve to brush 1872

→ anthers. 1859 1860 1861

and conjoined anthers. 1866 1869 1872

→ developed, if of use, should not be called rudimentary: they 1861 1866

developed, if of use, should not be called rudimentary; they cannot properly be said to be in an atrophied condition; they 1860

developed, if of use, should not be considered as rudimentary: they 1869

they 1872

→ called nascent, and may hereafter be developed by natural selection to any further extent. 1861 1866 1869

called nascent, and may hereafter be developed to any extent by natural selection. 1860

developed, unless we have reason to suppose that they were formerly more highly developed, ought not to be considered as rudimentary. They may be in a nascent condition, and in progress towards further development. 1872

→ other hand, are essentially useless, as teeth which never cut through the gums. 1861 1866 1869

individuals of the same species are very liable to vary in degree of development and in other respects. Moreover, in closely allied species, the degree to which the same organ has been rendered rudimentary occasionally differs much. 1859

other hand, are essentially useless, as teeth which never cut through the gums; in a still less developed condition, they would be of still less use. 1860

other hand, are either quite useless, such as teeth which never cut through the gums, or almost useless, such as the wings of an ostrich, which serve merely as sails. 1872

↑ 1 blocks not present in 1859 1860 1861; present in 1866 1869 1872

As they would be of even less use, when in a still less developed condition, they cannot have been formed through variation and natural selection, which latter acts solely by the preservation of useful modifications.

→ relate to a former condition of their possessor, and 1861

cannot, therefore, under their present condition, 1860

OMIT 1872

→ retained, as we shall see, by 1861

formed by natural selection, which acts solely by the preservation of useful modifications; they have been retained, as we shall see, by 1860

partially retained by the power of 1872

→ is 1860 1861 1866 1869

is, however, often 1872

→ know what organs are nascent; 1861 1866 1869

know what are nascent organs; 1860

distinguish between rudimentary and nascent organs; 1872

→ looking to the future, we cannot of course tell how any part will be developed, and whether it is now nascent; looking to the past, creatures with an organ in a nascent 1860 1861

looking to the future, we cannot of course tell how any part will be developed, and whether it is now in a nascent condition; looking to the past, creatures with an organ in a nascent 1866

looking to the future, we can- not of course tell how any part will be developed, and whether it is now in a nascent condition; looking to the past, creatures with an organ in this 1869

for we can judge only by analogy whether a part is capable of further development, in which case alone it deserves to be called nascent. Organs in this 1872

→ generally 1860 1861 1866 1869

always be somewhat rare; for beings thus provided will commonly 1872

→ and developed condition. 1860 1861

and developed condition, and consequently will not now exist. 1866

state, and consequently will have become long ago extinct. 1869 1872

the other. Thus in plants, the office of the pistil is to allow the pollen-tubes to reach the ovules

within

protected in

the

ovarium.

ovarium

~~its~~

its

~~base.~~

base.

The pistil consists of a stigma supported on

its

the

style; but in some

Compositæ,

compositæ,

the male florets, which of course cannot be fecundated, have a →pistil, which is in a rudimentary state, for it is not crowned with a stigma; but the style remains well

developed

developed,

and is clothed →with hairs as in other compositæ, for the purpose of brushing the pollen out of the surrounding →anthers. Again, an organ may become rudimentary for its proper purpose, and be used for a distinct

one:

object:

in certain

fishes

fish

the

swimbladder

swim bladder

swim-bladder

seems to be

rudimentary

nearly rudimentary

for its proper function of giving buoyancy, but has become converted into a nascent breathing organ or lung.

Many

Other

similar instances could be given.

Useful organs,

Organs,

however little →developed, if of use, should not be called rudimentary: they may be →called nascent, and may hereafter be developed by natural selection to any further extent. Rudimentary

organs

organs,

the →other hand, are essentially useless, as teeth which never cut through the gums. Moreover, in closely allied species, the degree to which the same organ has been rendered rudimentary occasionally differs much. ↑ They →relate to a former condition of their possessor, and have been →retained, as we shall see, by

inheritance,

and

relate

former

condition

state

....

their possessor.

things.

....

It →is difficult to →know what organs are nascent; →looking to the future, we cannot of course tell how any part will be developed, and whether it is now nascent; looking to the past, creatures with an organ in a nascent condition will →generally have been supplanted

~~and exterminated~~

and exterminated

by their successors with the

same organ

organ

in a more perfect →and developed condition. The wing of the penguin is of high service,

acting

and acts

as a fin;