Origin of Species Variorum

→ is 1860 1861

on the other hand, is quite 1866 1869 1872

↑ 1 blocks not present in 1859 1860 1861 1872; present in 1866 1869

The simple filamentary limbs of the Lepidosiren apparently are in a nascent state; for, as Owen has remarked, they are the "beginnings of organs which attain full functional development in higher vertebrates."

→ the udder of a 1860 1861

those of the 1866

the udders of a 1869 1872

→ are only slightly developed and which 1860 1861 1866 1869

OMIT 1872

→ are 1860 1861 1866 1869

and are feebly developed, are 1872

→ in the individuals of the same species 1860 1861 1866 1872

OMIT 1869

→ degree of 1860 1861 1866

the degree of their 1872

OMIT 1869

→ respects. 1860 1861 1866 1872

respects in the individuals of the same species. 1869

→ the degree 1860 1861 1866 1869

also, the extent 1872

→ in certain groups. 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

belonging to the same family. 1872

→ we find in an 1859 1860 1861 1866

in certain 1869 1872

→ no trace of an organ, 1859 1860 1861 1866

parts are entirely absent 1869 1872

→ and which is 1859 1860 1861 1866

and which are 1869

in them, and which are 1872

→ the snapdragon (antirrhinum) we generally do not find a rudiment of a 1859 1860 1861

some Scrophulariaceæ we rarely find even a rudiment of a 1866

most of the Scrophulariaceæ the 1869 1872

→ but this may sometimes 1859 1860 1861 1866

is utterly aborted; yet we may conclude that a fifth stamen once existed, for a rudiment of it is found in many species of the family, and this rudiment occasionally becomes perfectly developed, as may 1869

→ seen. 1859 1860 1861

seen plainly or fully developed. 1866

seen in the common snap-dragon. 1869 1872

→ or more necessary, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

or, in order fully to understand the relations of the parts, more useful 1872

→ than the use and 1859 1860 1861 1866

in order fully to understand the relations of the parts, than the 1869

than the 1872

→ leg of the 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

OMIT 1872

it may, therefore, represent the nascent state of the

wing;

wings

~~of birds;~~

of birds;

not that I believe this to be the

case,

case;

it is more probably a reduced organ, modified for a new

function;

function:

the wing of the

Apteryx,

Apteryx

→is useless, and is truly rudimentary. ↑ The mammary

glans

glands

of the

Ornitho-rhynchus

Ornithorhynchus

may

may,

probably,

~~perhaps,~~

perhaps,

be considered, in comparison with →the udder of a cow, as in a nascent

condition.

state.

The ovigerous frena of certain cirripedes, which →are only slightly developed and which have ceased to give attachment to the

ova

ova,

→are nascent branchiæ. Rudimentary organs →in the individuals of the same species are very liable to vary in →degree of development and in other →respects.

Moreover, in

closely allied species, →the degree to which the same organ has been

reduced

rendered rudimentary

occasionally differs much. This latter fact is well exemplified in the state of the wings

of the

female moths →in certain groups. Rudimentary organs may be utterly aborted; and this implies, that →we find in an

animals

animal

plants,

plant

→no trace of an organ, which analogy would lead us to expect to

find

find,

→and which is occasionally found in monstrous

individuals.

individuals

~~the~~

the

~~species.~~

species.

Thus in →the snapdragon (antirrhinum) we generally do not find a rudiment of a fifth

stamen

stamen;

→but this may sometimes be →seen. In tracing the homologies of

any

the same

part in different

mem- bers

members

the same

class, nothing is more common, →or more necessary, →than the use and discovery of rudiments. This is well shown in the drawings given by Owen of the

leg-bones

bones

of the →leg of the horse, ox, and rhinoceros.

It is an important fact that rudimentary organs, such as teeth in the upper jaws of whales and ruminants, can often be detected in the embryo, but afterwards wholly disappear. It is also, I believe, a universal rule, that a rudimentary part

~~or organ~~

or organ

is of greater