Origin of Species Variorum

→ the slaves in Switzerland 1866 1869 1872

in Switzerland the slaves 1859 1860 1861

→ of F. sanguinea from 1860 1861 1866 1869 1872

from 1859

→ OMIT 1861 1866 1869 1872

as Huber has described, 1859

(instead of being carried by, as in the case of F. rufescens) 1860

→ jaws instead of being carried by them, as in the case of F. rufescens. 1861 1866 1869 1872

jaws. 1859 1860

of aphides or cocci. According to Huber, who had ample opportunities for observation, →the slaves in Switzerland habitually work with their masters in making the nest, and they alone open and close the doors in the morning and evening; and, as Huber expressly states, their principal office is to search for aphides. This difference in the usual habits of the masters and slaves in the two countries, probably depends merely on the slaves being captured in greater numbers in Switzerland than in England.

One day I fortunately

chanced to

....

witness

witnessed

a migration →of F. sanguinea from one nest to another, and it was a most interesting spectacle to behold the masters carefully

carrying,

carrying

→OMIT their slaves in their →jaws instead of being carried by them, as in the case of F. rufescens. Another day my attention was struck by about a score of the

slavemakers

slave-makers

haunting the same spot, and evidently not in search of food; they approached and were vigorously repulsed by an independent community of the

slave species

slavespecies

slave-species

(F. fusca); sometimes as many as three of these ants clinging to the legs of the slave-making F. sanguinea. The latter ruthlessly killed their small opponents, and carried their dead bodies as food to their nest, twenty-nine yards distant; but they were prevented from getting any pupæ to rear as slaves. I then dug up a small parcel of the pupæ of F. fusca from another nest, and put them down on a bare spot near the place of combat; they were eagerly

seized,

seized

and carried off by the tyrants, who perhaps fancied that, after all, they had been victorious in their late combat.

At the same time I laid on the same place a small parcel of the pupæ of another species, F. flava,

with,

with

a few of these little yellow ants still clinging to the fragments of

their

the

neSt.

nest.

This species is sometimes, though rarely, made into slaves, as has been described by Mr.