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1859
1860
1861
1866
1869
1872

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1859
1860
1861
1869
1872

→ tools, whilst man works 1866 1869 1872
weapons, and not 1859
tools, and not 1860 1861
↑ 1 blocks not present in 1866 1869 1872; present in 1859 1860 1861
And nature has, as I believe, effected this admirable division of labour in the communities of ants, by the means of natural selection.
→ must 1866 1869 1872
am bound to 1859 1860 1861
→ of the fact. 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869
to this conclusion. 1872
→ in structure can 1859 1860 1861 1866
may 1869 1872
→ and spontaneous 1866
and as we must call them accidental, 1859 1860 1861
spontaneous 1869 1872
→ no amount of exercise, or habit, or volition, in the utterly sterile members of a community, could possibly 1866
no amount of exercise, or habit, or volition, in the utterly sterile members of a community could possibly have 1859
no amount of exercise, or habit, or volition, in the utterly sterile members of a community could possibly 1860 1861
peculiar habits confined to the workers or sterile females, however long they might be followed, could not possibly 1869 1872
→ structure or instincts of the fertile members, 1859 1860 1861 1866
males and fertile female, 1869
males and fertile females, 1872
→ inherited habit advanced by Lamarck. 1861 1866
Lamarck. 1859 1860
inherited habit, as advanced by Lamarck. 1869 1872
→ in this chapter briefly 1866 1869 1872
briefly in this chapter 1859 1860 1861
can see how useful their production may have been to a social community of
insects,
ants,
on the same principle that the division of labour is useful to civilised man.
As ants
Ants, however,
work by inherited instincts and by inherited
tools
organs
or →tools, whilst man works by acquired knowledge and manufactured
instruments,
instruments.
a
....
perfect
....
division
....
of
....
labour
....
could
....
be
....
effected
....
with
....
them
....
only
....
by
....
the
....
workers
....
being
....
sterile;
....
for
....
had
....
they
....
been
....
fertile,
....
they
....
would
....
have
....
intercrossed,
....
and
....
their
....
instincts
....
and
....
structure
....
would
....
have
....
become
....
blended.
....
↑ But I →must confess, that, with all my faith in
this principle,
natural selection,
I should never have anticipated that
natural selection
this principle
could have been efficient in so high a degree, had not the case of these neuter insects
led
convinced
me →of the fact. I have, therefore, discussed this case, at some little but wholly insufficient length, in order to show the power of natural selection, and likewise because this is by far the most serious special
difficulty,
difficulty
which my theory has encountered. The case, also, is very interesting, as it proves that with animals, as with plants, any amount of modification →in structure can be effected by the accumulation of numerous, slight, →and spontaneous variations, which are in any
way
manner
profitable, without exercise or habit having
been brought
come
into play. For →no amount of exercise, or habit, or volition, in the utterly sterile members of a community, could possibly
affected
affect
the →structure or instincts of the fertile members, which alone leave descendants. I am surprised that no one has
hitherto advanced
advanced
this demonstrative case of neuter insects, against the well-known doctrine of →inherited habit advanced by Lamarck.
Summary .—
Summary. —
Summary .
Summary .
I have endeavoured →in this chapter briefly to show that the mental qualities of our domestic animals vary, and that the variations are inherited. Still more briefly I have attempted to show that
in-
....
stincts
instincts
vary slightly in a state of nature. No one will dispute that instincts are of the highest importance to each animal.
Therefore
There- fore