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very ancient language had altered 1859 1860 1861 1866
ancient languages had altered very 1869 1872

(owing 1859 1860 1861 1866
had altered much owing 1869 1872

from a common stock) had altered much, 1866
from a common race) had altered much, 1859 1860 1861
races, 1869 1872

species, with 1859 1860 1861 1866
the species, with the 1869 1872

varieties; and with our domestic productions, 1859 1860 1861 1866
the varieties; and in some cases, as with domestic pigeons, 1869
the varieties; and in some cases, as with the domestic pigeon, with 1872

like a
pedigree:
pedigree;
but the
amount
degrees
of modification which the different groups have
undergone
undergone,
has
have
to be expressed by ranking them under different so-called genera, sub-families, families, sections, orders, and classes.
It may be worth while to illustrate this view of classification, by taking the case of languages. If we possessed a perfect pedigree of mankind, a genealogical arrangement of the races of man would afford the best classification of the various languages now spoken throughout the world; and if all extinct languages, and all intermediate and slowly changing dialects,
were
had
to be included, such an arrangement
would,
would
I think,
....
be the only possible one. Yet it might be that some very ancient language had altered
little
little,
and had given rise to few new languages, whilst others (owing to the
spreading,
spreading
and subsequent
and subsequent
isolation,
isolation
and
state
states
of civilisation of the several
races,
races,
co-descended
descended
from a common stock) had altered much, and had
thus given
given
rise to many new
dialects
languages
and
languages.
dialects.
The various degrees of difference
between
in
the languages
of
from
the same stock, would have to be expressed by groups subordinate to groups; but the proper or even
the only
only
possible arrangement would still be genealogical; and this would be strictly natural, as it would connect together all languages, extinct and
recent,
modern,
by the closest affinities, and would give the filiation and origin of each tongue.
In confirmation of this view, let us glance at the classification of varieties, which are
known
believed
or
believed
known
to
be
have
descended from
a single
one
species. These are grouped under species, with sub-varieties under varieties; and with our domestic productions, several other grades of
difference.
difference
are
are
requisite.
requisite,
requisite,
as
as
as
we
we
we
have
have
have
seen
seen
seen
with
with
with
pigeons.
pigeons.
pigeons.
The origin of the existence of groups subordinate to
groups,
groups
is the same with varieties as with species,