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1859
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1859
1860
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generally 1860 1861 1866 1869
always be somewhat rare; for beings thus provided will commonly 1872

and developed condition, and consequently will not now exist. 1866
and developed condition. 1860 1861
state, and consequently will have become long ago extinct. 1869 1872

on the other hand, is quite 1866 1869 1872
is 1860 1861

1 blocks not present in 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869; present in 1872
Owen considers the simple filamentary limbs of the Lepidosiren as the "beginnings of organs which attain full functional development in higher vertebrates;" but, according to the view lately advocated by Dr. Günther, they are probably remnants, consisting of the persistent axis of a fin, with the lateral rays or branches aborted.

those of the 1866
the udder of a 1860 1861
the udders of a 1869 1872

are only slightly developed and which 1860 1861 1866 1869
OMIT 1872

are 1860 1861 1866 1869
and are feebly developed, are 1872

in the individuals of the same species 1860 1861 1866 1872
OMIT 1869

degree of 1860 1861 1866
the degree of their 1872
OMIT 1869

respects. 1860 1861 1866 1872
respects in the individuals of the same species. 1869

the degree 1860 1861 1866 1869
also, the extent 1872

in certain groups. 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869
belonging to the same family. 1872

we find in an 1859 1860 1861 1866
in certain 1869 1872

no trace of an organ, 1859 1860 1861 1866
parts are entirely absent 1869 1872

and which is 1859 1860 1861 1866
and which are 1869
in them, and which are 1872

some Scrophulariaceæ we rarely find even a rudiment of a 1866
the snapdragon (antirrhinum) we generally do not find a rudiment of a 1859 1860 1861
most of the Scrophulariaceæ the 1869 1872

but this may sometimes 1859 1860 1861 1866
is utterly aborted; yet we may conclude that a fifth stamen once existed, for a rudiment of it is found in many species of the family, and this rudiment occasionally becomes perfectly developed, as may 1869
is utterly aborted; yet we may conclude that a fifth stamen once existed, for a rudiment of it is found in many species of the family, and this rudiment occasionally becomes perfectly developed, as may sometimes 1872

seen plainly or fully developed. 1866
seen. 1859 1860 1861
seen in the common snap-dragon. 1869 1872

condition will generally have been supplanted
and exterminated
....
by their successors with the
organ
same organ
in a more perfect and developed condition, and consequently will not now exist. The wing of the penguin is of high service,
and acts
acting
as a fin; it may, therefore, represent the nascent state of the
wings
wing;
of birds;
....
not that I believe this to be the
case,
case;
it is more probably a reduced organ, modified for a new
function;
function:
the wing of the
Apteryx
Apteryx,
on the other hand, is quite useless, and is truly rudimentary. The simple filamentary limbs of the Lepidosiren apparently are in a nascent state; for, as Owen has
remarked,
recently remarked,
they are the "beginnings of organs which attain full functional development in higher vertebrates." The mammary
glans
glands
of the
Ornitho-rhynchus
Ornithorhynchus
may
may,
perhaps,
probably,
probably,
be considered, in comparison with those of the cow, as in a nascent
state.
condition.
The ovigerous frena of certain cirripedes, which are only slightly developed and which have ceased to give attachment to the
ova
ova,
are nascent branchiæ. Rudimentary organs in the individuals of the same species are very liable to vary in degree of development and in other respects.
In
Moreover, in
closely allied species, the degree to which the same organ has been
reduced
rendered rudimentary
occasionally differs much. This latter fact is well exemplified in the state of the wings
of the
in
of
female moths in certain groups. Rudimentary organs may be utterly aborted; and this implies, that we find in an
animals
animal
or
plants,
plant
no trace of an organ, which analogy would lead us to expect to
find
find,
and which is occasionally found in monstrous
individuals.
individuals
of
of
the
the
species.
species.
Thus in some Scrophulariaceæ we rarely find even a rudiment of a fifth
stamen
stamen;
but this may sometimes be seen plainly or fully developed. In tracing the homologies of
any
the same
part in different
members
mem- bers