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based on a new foundation, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869
securely based on the foundation already well laid by Mr. Herbert Spencer, 1872

within each class, which 1861 1866 1869 1872
which 1859 1860

In the
distant
distant
future I see open fields for far more important researches. Psychology will be based on a new foundation, that of the necessary acquirement of each mental power and capacity by gradation.
Much light
Light
will be thrown on the origin of man and his history.
Authors of the highest eminence seem to be fully satisfied with the view that each species has been independently created. To my mind it accords better with what we know of the laws impressed on matter by the Creator, that the production and extinction of the past and present inhabitants of the world should have been due to secondary causes, like those determining the birth and death of the individual. When I view all beings not as special creations, but as the lineal descendants of some few beings which lived long before the first bed of the
Cambrian
Silurian
system was deposited, they seem to me to become ennobled. Judging from the past, we may safely infer that not one living species will transmit its unaltered likeness to a distant futurity. And of the species now living very few will transmit progeny of any kind to a far distant futurity; for the manner in which all organic beings are grouped, shows that the greater number of species
in
of
each genus, and all the species
in
of
many genera, have left no descendants, but have become utterly extinct. We can so far take a prophetic glance into futurity as to
foretel
foretell
that it will be the common and widely-spread species, belonging to the larger and dominant
groups,
groups
within each class, which will ultimately prevail and procreate new and dominant species. As all the living forms of life are the lineal descendants of those which lived long before the
Cambrian
Silurian
epoch, we may feel certain that the ordinary succession by generation has never once been broken, and that no cataclysm has desolated the whole world. Hence we may look with some confidence to a secure future of