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OMIT 1869 1872
such cases as 1859 1860 1861 1866

OMIT 1869 1872
having been formerly united to Europe, and consequently 1859 1860 1861 1866

quadrupeds with the rest of Europe, for they were no doubt once united. 1869 1872
quadrupeds. 1859 1860 1861 1866

all kinds, 1869 1872
every kind have had on distribution, 1859 1860 1861 1866

confined to the same country, or if they have a wide range that their range is continuous. 1866 1869 1872
confined to one area. 1859 1860
if they have a wide range that their range is continuous. 1861

be, if a directly opposite rule were to prevail, when we go down 1869 1872
be, if, when coming 1859 1860 1861
be if a directly opposite rule were to prevail, when we go down 1866

and these had not been, at least at first, confined to some one region! 1866 1869 1872
a directly opposite rule prevailed; and species were not local, but had been produced in two or more distinct areas! 1859 1860
a directly opposite rule prevailed; and species were not local, but had been produced in two or more quite distinct areas! 1861

OMIT Great Britain OMIT possessing the same quadrupeds with the rest of Europe, for they were no doubt once united. But if the same species can be produced at two separate points, why do we not find a single mammal common to Europe and
Aus- tralia
Australia
or South America? The conditions of life are nearly the same, so that a multitude of European animals and plants have become naturalised in America and Australia; and some of the aboriginal plants are identically the same at these distant points of the northern and southern hemispheres? The answer, as I believe, is, that mammals have not been able to migrate, whereas some plants, from their varied means of dispersal, have migrated across the
vast
wide
and broken
interspace.
interspaces.
The great and striking influence
which
of
barriers of all kinds, is intelligible only on the view that the great majority of species have been produced on one
side
side,
alone,
....
and have not been able to migrate to the
other
opposite
side. Some few families, many sub-families, very many genera, and a still greater number of sections of
genera
genera,
are confined to a single region; and it has been observed by several naturalists, that the most natural genera, or those genera in which the species are most closely related to each other, are generally
local, or
....
confined to the same country, or if they have a wide range that their range is continuous. What a strange anomaly it would be, if a directly opposite rule were to prevail, when we go down one step lower in the series,
to
namely, to
the individuals of the same species, and these had not been, at least at first, confined to some one region!
Hence it seems to me, as it has to many other naturalists, that the view of each species having been produced in one area alone, and having subsequently migrated from that area as far as its powers of migration and subsistence under past and present conditions permitted, is the most probable. Undoubtedly many cases