Origin of Species Variorum

→ OMIT 1869 1872

of the same 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ OMIT 1869 1872

through natural selection 1859 1860 1861 1866

↑ 1 blocks not present in 1869 1872; present in 1859 1860 1861 1866

Besides the absence of terrestrial mammals in relation to the remoteness of islands from continents, there is also a relation, to a certain extent independent of distance, between the depth of the sea separating an island from the neighbouring mainland, and the presence in both of the same mammiferous species or of allied species in a more or less modified condition.

→ since greatly extended by Mr. Wallace's admirable researches, in 1869 1872

in 1859 1860 1861

since fully confirmed by Mr. Wallace's admirable researches, in 1866

→ stand on a moderately shallow 1869 1872

are situated on moderately deep 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ the same or by very closely allied 1869

closely allied or identical 1859 1860 1861 1866

the same or by closely allied 1872

→ For instance, Britain is 1869 1872

We see Britain 1859 1860 1861 1866

world: Norfolk Island, the Viti Archipelago, the Bonin Islands, the Caroline and Marianne Archipelagoes, and Mauritius, all possess their peculiar bats. Why, it may be asked, has the supposed creative force produced bats and no other mammals on remote islands? On my view this question can easily be answered; for no terrestrial mammal can be transported across a wide space of sea, but bats can fly across. Bats have been seen wandering by day far over the Atlantic Ocean; and two North American species either regularly or occasionally visit Bermuda, at the distance of 600 miles from the mainland. I hear from Mr. Tomes, who has specially studied this family, that many →OMIT species have enormous ranges, and are found on continents and on far distant islands. Hence we have only to suppose that such wandering species have been

modi- fied

modified

→OMIT in their new homes in relation to their new position, and we can understand the presence of endemic bats on

islands,

oceanic islands,

with the absence of all

terrestrial

other terrestrial

mammals.

Another interesting relation exists, namely between the depth of the sea separating islands from each other or from the nearest

continent,

continents,

and the degree of affinity of their mammalian inhabitants. ↑ Mr. Windsor Earl has made some striking observations on this

head

head,

→since greatly extended by Mr. Wallace's admirable researches, in regard to the great Malay Archipelago, which is traversed near Celebes by a space of deep

ocean;

ocean,

and this

space

....

separates two widely distinct mammalian faunas. On either side the islands →stand on a moderately shallow submarine

banks,

bank,

and

they

these islands

these

are inhabited by →the same or by very closely allied quadrupeds. I have not as yet had time to follow up this subject in all

other

....

quarters of the world; but as far as I have gone, the relation

~~generally~~

generally

holds good. →For instance, Britain is separated by a shallow channel from Europe, and the mammals