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plants in each great class on a uniform plan; but this is not a scientific explanation. 1869 1872
plant. 1859 1860 1861
plants in each great class on a uniformly regulated plan: but this is not a scientific explanation. 1866

manifest 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869
to a large extent simple 1872

becoming at the same time 1869 1872
and become gradually 1859 1860 1861 1866

OMIT 1869 1872
to any extent, 1859 1860 1861 1866

this modification would not tend 1869
this great amount of modification there will be no tendency 1859 1860 1861
this great amount of modification there would be no tendency 1866
these modifications would not tend 1872

an early progenitor,— 1869
the ancient progenitor, 1859 1860 1861 1866
an early progenitor— 1872

had 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869
birds, and reptiles, had 1872

will 1859 1861 1866 1869 1872
acting on some originally created form, will 1860

Nothing can be more hopeless than to attempt to explain this similarity of pattern in members of the same class, by utility or by the doctrine of final causes. The hopelessness of the attempt has been expressly admitted by Owen in his most interesting work on the 'Nature of Limbs.' On the ordinary view of the
inde- pendent
independent
creation of each being, we can only say that so it is;— that it has
so
....
pleased the Creator to construct
each
all the
animal
animals
and plants in each great class on a uniform plan; but this is not a scientific explanation.
The explanation is manifest
on
according to
the theory of the
natural
....
selection of successive slight modifications,— each modification being profitable in some way to the modified form, but often affecting by correlation
of growth
....
other parts of the organisation. In changes of this nature, there will be little or no tendency to
modify
modifiy
alter
the original pattern, or to transpose
parts.
the parts.
The bones of a limb might be shortened and
widened
flattened
to any extent, becoming at the same time enveloped in thick membrane, so as to serve as a fin; or a webbed
foot
hand
might have all its bones, or certain
bones
bones,
lengthened to any extent,
and
with
the membrane connecting them
increased
increased,
OMIT so as to serve as a
wing:
wing;
yet
in
....
all this modification would not tend to alter the framework of
bones
the bones
or the relative connexion of the
several
....
parts. If we suppose that an early progenitor,— the archetype as it may be
called,
called—
called,—
of all mammals, had its limbs constructed on the existing general pattern, for whatever purpose they served, we can at once perceive the plain signification of the homologous construction of the limbs throughout the
whole
....
class. So with the mouths of insects, we have only to suppose that their common progenitor had an upper lip, mandibles, and two
pairs
pair
of maxillæ, these parts being perhaps very simple in form; and then natural
selection,
selection
will account for the infinite diversity in
structure
the structure
and