Origin of Species Variorum

→ rudimentary pistil, 1869 1872

pistil, which is in a rudimentary state, 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ with hairs, in the usual manner, for brushing 1869

with hairs as in other compositæ, for the purpose of brushing 1859 1860 1861 1866

in the usual manner with hairs, which serve to brush 1872

→ and conjoined anthers. 1866 1869 1872

anthers. 1859 1860 1861

→ developed, if of use, should not be considered as rudimentary: they 1869

developed, if of use, should not be called rudimentary; they cannot properly be said to be in an atrophied condition; they 1860

developed, if of use, should not be called rudimentary: they 1861 1866

they 1872

→ called nascent, and may hereafter be developed by natural selection to any further extent. 1861 1866 1869

called nascent, and may hereafter be developed to any extent by natural selection. 1860

developed, unless we have reason to suppose that they were formerly more highly developed, ought not to be considered as rudimentary. They may be in a nascent condition, and in progress towards further development. 1872

→ other hand, are essentially useless, as teeth which never cut through the gums. 1861 1866 1869

individuals of the same species are very liable to vary in degree of development and in other respects. Moreover, in closely allied species, the degree to which the same organ has been rendered rudimentary occasionally differs much. 1859

other hand, are essentially useless, as teeth which never cut through the gums; in a still less developed condition, they would be of still less use. 1860

other hand, are either quite useless, such as teeth which never cut through the gums, or almost useless, such as the wings of an ostrich, which serve merely as sails. 1872

↑ 1 blocks not present in 1859 1860 1866 1869 1872; present in 1861

Moreover, in closely allied species, the degree to which the same organ has been rendered rudimentary occasionally differs much.

→ they would be of even less use, when in a 1869

they would be of still less use, when in a 1866

organs in this condition would formerly, when 1872

→ condition, they cannot 1866 1869

OMIT 1872

→ have 1869 1872

under the present state of things have 1866

→ formed 1866 1869

of even less use than at present, they cannot formerly have been produced 1872

→ through variation and 1869 1872

by 1866

→ by the power of 1869

as we shall see, by 1866

→ is 1860 1861 1866 1869

is, however, often 1872

→ know what organs are nascent; 1861 1866 1869

know what are nascent organs; 1860

distinguish between rudimentary and nascent organs; 1872

→ looking to the future, we can- not of course tell how any part will be developed, and whether it is now in a nascent condition; looking to the past, creatures with an organ in this 1869

looking to the future, we cannot of course tell how any part will be developed, and whether it is now nascent; looking to the past, creatures with an organ in a nascent 1860 1861

looking to the future, we cannot of course tell how any part will be developed, and whether it is now in a nascent condition; looking to the past, creatures with an organ in a nascent 1866

for we can judge only by analogy whether a part is capable of further development, in which case alone it deserves to be called nascent. Organs in this 1872

"no

reference to the future life of the animal, nor has

"it

any adaptation to its embryonic condition; it has

solely

"solely

reference to ancestral adaptations, it repeats a

phase

"phase

in the development of its progenitors."

organ

organ,

serving for two purposes, may become rudimentary or utterly aborted for one, even the more important

purpose;

purpose,

and remain perfectly efficient for the other. Thus in plants, the office of the pistil is to allow the pollen-tubes to reach the ovules

protected in

within

the

ovarium

its

base.

The pistil consists of a stigma supported on

the

its

style; but in some

compositæ,

Compositæ,

the male florets, which of course cannot be fecundated, have a →rudimentary pistil, for it is not crowned with a stigma; but the style remains well

developed

developed,

and is clothed →with hairs, in the usual manner, for brushing the pollen out of the surrounding →and conjoined anthers. Again, an organ may become rudimentary for its proper purpose, and be used for a distinct

one:

object:

in certain

fishes

fish

the

swim-bladder

swim bladder

swimbladder

seems to be

rudimentary

nearly rudimentary

for its proper function of giving buoyancy, but has become converted into a nascent breathing organ or lung.

Many

Other

similar instances could be given.

Useful organs,

Organs,

however little →developed, if of use, should not be considered as rudimentary: they may be →called nascent, and may hereafter be developed by natural selection to any further extent. Rudimentary

organs

organs,

the →other hand, are essentially useless, as teeth which never cut through the gums. ↑ As →they would be of even less use, when in a still less

developed,

developed

→condition, they cannot →have been →formed →through variation and natural selection, which

~~latter~~

latter

acts solely by the preservation of useful modifications. They relate to a former

condition

state

their possessor,

things,

and have been

~~partially~~

partially

retained,

retained

→by the power of inheritance. It →is difficult to →know what organs are nascent; →looking to the future, we can- not of course tell how any part will be developed, and whether it is now in a nascent condition; looking to the past, creatures with an organ in this