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or more necessary, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869
or, in order fully to understand the relations of the parts, more useful 1872

in order fully to understand the relations of the parts, than the 1869
than the use and 1859 1860 1861 1866
than the 1872

leg of the 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869
OMIT 1872

relatively to the adjoining parts in the embryo, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869
in the embryo relatively to the adjoining parts, 1872

In tracing the homologies of
the same
any
part in different
mem- bers
members
of
a
the same
class, nothing is more common, or more necessary, in order fully to understand the relations of the parts, than the discovery of rudiments. This is well shown in the drawings given by Owen of the
leg-bones
bones
of the leg of the horse, ox, and rhinoceros.
It is an important fact that rudimentary organs, such as teeth in the upper jaws of whales and ruminants, can often be detected in the embryo, but afterwards wholly disappear. It is also, I believe, a universal rule, that a rudimentary part
or organ
....
is of greater size relatively to the adjoining parts in the embryo, than in the adult; so that the organ at this early age is less rudimentary, or even cannot be said to be in any degree rudimentary.
Hence,
Hence
also, a
....
rudimentary
organ
organs
in the
adult,
adult
is
are
often said to have retained
its
their
embryonic condition.
I have now given the leading facts with respect to rudimentary organs. In reflecting on them, every one must be struck with
astonishment;
astonishment:
for the same reasoning power which tells us
plainly
....
that most parts and organs are exquisitely adapted for certain purposes, tells us with equal plainness that these rudimentary or atrophied
organs,
organs
are imperfect and useless. In works on natural
history
history,
rudimentary organs are generally said to have been created "for the sake of symmetry," or in order "to complete the scheme of
nature;"
nature."
but
....
this
....
seems
....
to
....
me
....
no
....
explanation,
....
merely
....
a
an imposing
....
restatement
re-statement
....
of
....
the
....
fact.
....
But this is not an explanation, merely a re-statement of the fact. Nor is it consistent with itself: thus the boa-constrictor has rudiments of hind-limbs and of a pelvis, and if it be said that these bones have been retained "to complete the scheme of nature," why, as Professor Weismann asks, have they not been retained by other snakes, which do not possess even a vestige of these same