Origin of Species Variorum

→ distinct species. 1872

any one wild species; but, in the case of some other domestic races, there is presumptive, or even strong, evidence in favour of this view. 1859

↑ 1 blocks not present in 1859 1872; present in 1860 1861 1866 1869

the whole amount of difference between the several breeds of the dog has been produced under domestication; I believe that some small part of the difference is due to their having descended from distinct species.

→ strongly marked races of some 1872

some 1860 1861 1866

strongly marked races in some 1869

→ are 1869 1872

the breeds have 1860 1861 1866

→ on an average vary 1866 1869 1872

vary on an average 1859 1860 1861

→ OMIT 1861 1866 1869 1872

I do not think 1859 1860

→ times, 1866 1869 1872

records, more especially 1859 1860 1861

→ lake-habitations of Switzerland, much diversity in 1866 1869 1872

breeds; and that some of 1859 1860 1861

→ and that some of these ancient breeds closely resemble, or are even 1872

closely resemble, perhaps are 1859 1860 1861

and that some of these ancient breeds closely resemble or are even 1866 1869

→ carried on commerce 1872

commerce 1866 1869

descended from →distinct species. ↑ In the case of →strongly marked races of some other domesticated species, there is

presumptive,

presumptive

or even strong evidence, that all →are descended from a single wild stock.

It has often been assumed that man has chosen for domestication animals and plants having an extraordinary inherent tendency to vary, and likewise to withstand diverse climates. I do not dispute that these capacities have added largely to the value of most of our domesticated productions; but how could a savage possibly know, when he first tamed an animal, whether it would vary in succeeding generations, and whether it would endure other climates? Has the little variability of the ass

or guinea-fowl,

and goose,

or the small power of endurance of warmth by the

rein-deer,

reindeer,

or of cold by the common

camel

camel,

prevented their domestication? I cannot doubt that if other animals and plants, equal in number to our domesticated productions, and belonging to equally diverse classes and countries, were taken from a state of nature, and could be made to breed for an equal number of generations under domestication, they would →on an average vary as largely as the parent species of our existing domesticated productions have varied.

In the case of most of our anciently domesticated animals and plants, →OMIT it is

possible

not possible

to come to any definite conclusion, whether they

have

are

descended from one or several

species.

wild species.

The argument mainly relied on by those who believe in the multiple origin of our domestic animals is, that we find in the most ancient →times, on the monuments of Egypt,

much diversity

and

in the →lake-habitations of Switzerland, much diversity in the

breeds

breeds;

→and that some of these ancient breeds closely resemble, or are even identical

with

with,

those still existing. But this only throws far backwards the history of

civilization,

civilisation,

and shows that animals were domesticated at a much earlier period than has hitherto been supposed. The lake-inhabitants of Switzerland cultivated several kinds of wheat and barley, the pea, the poppy for oil, and flax; and they possessed several domesticated

animals;

animals.

they

They

had

....

also →carried on commerce with other nations. All this clearly shows, as Heer has remarked, that they had at this early age progressed considerably in

civilization;

civilisation;

and this again implies a

long-continued

long continued

previous period of less advanced

civilization,

civilisation,

during which the domesticated animals, kept by

the

....

different tribes

and

....

in different districts, might have varied and given rise to distinct races. Since the discovery of flint tools

or celts

....

in the superficial formations

many parts of the world, all geologists believe that