Origin of Species Variorum

→ Changes of instinct and structure not necessarily simultaneous— Difficulties 1869 1872

Difficulties on the theory 1859 1860

Changes of instinct and structure not necessarily simultaneous— Difficulties on the theory 1861 1866

→ theory of the Natural 1869 1872

Natural 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ MANY instincts are 1872

THE subject of instinct might have been worked into the previous chapters; but I have thought that it would be more convenient to treat the subject separately, especially as 1859 1860 1861 1866

INSTINCTS might have been worked into the previous chapters; but I thought that it would be more convenient to treat the subject separately, especially as 1869

→ so wonderful that their development 1872

so wonderful an instinct as that of the hive-bee making its cells 1859 1860 1861 1866

an instinct so wonderful as that of the construction of the comb by the hive-bee 1869

→ appear to the reader 1872

have occurred to many readers, as 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ faculties in animals of 1872

qualities of animals within 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ of judgment or reason, as Pierre Huber expresses it, 1872

as Pierre Huber expresses it, of judgment or reason, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

CHAPTER

VII.

VIII.

INSTINCT.

Instincts comparable with habits, but different in their origin— Instincts graduated— Aphides and ants— Instincts variable— Domestic instincts, their origin— Natural instincts of the cuckoo,

ostrich,

molothrus, ostrich,

and parasitic bees—

Slave-making-ants—

Slave-making ants—

Hive-bee, its cell-making instinct— →Changes of instinct and structure not necessarily simultaneous— Difficulties of the →theory of the Natural Selection of instincts— Neuter or sterile insects— Summary.

→MANY instincts are →so wonderful that their development will probably →appear to the reader a difficulty sufficient to overthrow

the

whole theory. I

must

may here

premise, that I have nothing to do with the origin of the

primary

....

mental powers, any more than I have with that of life itself. We are concerned only with the diversities of instinct and of the other mental →faculties in animals of the same class.

I will not attempt any definition of instinct. It would be easy to show that several distinct mental actions are commonly embraced by this term; but every one understands what is meant, when it is said that instinct impels the cuckoo to migrate and to lay her eggs in other birds' nests. An action, which we ourselves

should

....

require experience to enable us to perform, when performed by an animal, more especially by a very young one, without

any

....

experience, and when performed by many individuals in the same way, without their knowing for what purpose it is performed, is usually said to be instinctive. But I could show that none of these characters

of instinct

....

are universal. A little

dose,

dose

→of judgment or reason, as Pierre Huber expresses it, often comes into play, even

with

animals

very

....

low in the scale of nature.

Frederick Cuvier and several of the older metaphysicians have compared instinct with habit. This comparison gives, I think,

a remarkably

accurate notion of the frame of mind under which an instinctive action is performed, but not

necessarily of

its origin. How unconsciously many habitual actions are performed, indeed not rarely in direct opposition to our conscious will! yet they may be modified by the will or reason. Habits easily become associated with other habits,

and

....

with certain periods of

time

time,

and states of the

body.

body

When once acquired, they often remain constant throughout

life.

life