| → were to work 1866 1869 1872 |
| work 1859 1860 1861 |
|
| ↑ 1 blocks not present in 1866 1869 1872; present in 1859 1860 1861 |
| It is even conceivable that an insect might, by fixing on a point at which to commence a cell, and then moving outside, first to one point, and then to five other points, at the proper relative distances from the central point and from each other, strike the planes of intersection, and so make an isolated hexagon: but I am not aware that any such case has been observed; nor would any good be derived from a single hexagon being built, as in its construction more materials would be required than for a cylinder.
|
|
| → and the time consumed in collecting the honey must be an 1869 1872 |
| must be a most 1859 1860 1861 |
| must be an 1866 |
|
| → whether a bee allied to our humble-bees could 1869 1872 |
| the numbers of a humble-bee which could 1859 1860 1861 |
| the numbers of a bee allied to our humble-bees, which 1866 |
|
| → large numbers in any 1869 1872 |
| a 1859 1860 1861 |
| any 1866 |
|
| → that 1859 1860 1866 1869 1872 |
| (differently to what really is the case) that 1861 |
|
| → labour and wax. 1869 1872 |
| wax. 1859 1860 1861 |
| wax and labour. 1866 |
|
|
sometimes strictly hexagonal; but I have not space here to enter on this subject. Nor does there seem to me any great difficulty in a single insect (as in the case of a queen-wasp) making hexagonal cells, if she
→were to work
alternately on the inside and outside of two or three cells commenced at the same time, always standing at the proper relative distance from the parts of the cells just
sweeping spheres or cylinders, and building up intermediate planes. ↑
|
|
| As natural selection acts only by the accumulation of slight modifications of structure or instinct, each profitable to the individual under its conditions of life, it may reasonably be asked, how a long and graduated succession of modified architectural instincts, all tending
the present perfect plan of construction, could have profited the progenitors of the hive-bee? I think the answer is not difficult:
cells constructed like those of the bee or the wasp gain in strength, and save much in labour and space, and
in the materials of which they are constructed. With respect to the formation of wax, it is known that bees are often hard pressed to get sufficient nectar, and I am informed by Mr. Tegetmeier that it has been experimentally proved that from twelve to fifteen pounds of dry sugar are consumed by a hive of bees for the secretion of
pound of wax; so that a prodigious quantity of fluid nectar must be collected and consumed by the bees in a hive for the secretion of the wax necessary for the construction of their combs. Moreover, many bees have to remain idle for many days during the process of secretion. A large store of honey is indispensable to support a large stock of bees during the winter; and the security of the hive is known mainly to depend on a large number of bees being supported. Hence the saving of wax by largely saving honey
→and the time consumed in collecting the honey must be an
important element of success
any family of bees. Of course the success of
species
may be dependent on the number of its
or
or on quite distinct causes, and so be altogether independent of the quantity of honey which the bees
collect. But let us suppose that this latter circumstance determined, as it probably often
→whether a bee allied to our humble-bees could
in
→large numbers in any
country; and let us further suppose
→that
the community lived
the winter, and consequently required a store of honey: there can in this case be no doubt that it would be an advantage to our
if a slight modification
her
led her to make her waxen cells near together, so as to intersect a little; for a wall in common even to two adjoining
would save some little
→labour and wax. Hence it would continually be more and more
|
