Origin of Species Variorum

→ were 1869 1872

had come to be 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ in addition suppose 1872

suppose 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ ants or parents, 1869 1872

parents, 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ OMIT 1872

jaws having a 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ simultaneously 1859 1860 1861 1866 1872

at the same time 1869

→ OMIT 1866 1869 1872

from being the most useful to the community, 1859 1860 1861

→ in greater and greater numbers, 1869 1872

in greater and greater numbers 1859 1860 1861

OMIT 1866

→ until 1859 1860 1861 1869 1872

in greater and greater numbers, until 1866

condition. I may digress by adding, that if the smaller workers had been the most useful to the community, and those males and females had been continually selected, which produced more and more of the smaller workers, until all the workers →were in this condition; we should then have had a species of ant with neuters

very

nearly

....

the same condition

with

those of Myrmica. For the workers of Myrmica have not even rudiments of ocelli, though the male and female ants of this genus have well-developed ocelli.

I may give one other case: so confidently did I expect

occasionally to

find gradations

important

points of

....

structure

structures

between the different castes of neuters in the same species, that I gladly availed myself of Mr. F. Smith's offer of numerous specimens from the same nest of the driver ant (Anomma) of West Africa. The reader will perhaps best appreciate the amount of difference in these workers, by my giving not the actual measurements, but a strictly accurate illustration: the difference was the same as if we were to see a set of workmen building a

house

house,

of whom many were five feet four inches high, and many sixteen feet high; but we must →in addition suppose that the larger workmen had heads four instead of three times as big as those of the smaller men, and jaws nearly five times as big. The jaws, moreover, of the working ants of the several sizes differed wonderfully in shape, and in the form and number of the teeth. But the important fact for us is,

that

that,

though the workers can be grouped into castes of different sizes, yet they graduate insensibly into each other, as does the widely-different structure of their jaws. I speak confidently on this latter point, as

Mr.

Sir J.

Lubbock made drawings for

me,

with the camera

lucida

lucida,

of the jaws which I

had

....

dissected from the workers of the several sizes. Mr. Bates, in his

most

....

interesting 'Naturalist on the Amazons,' has described

some

....

analogous cases.

With these facts before me, I believe that natural selection, by acting on the fertile →ants or parents, could form a species which should regularly produce neuters,

either

....

all of large size with one form of jaw, or all of small size with →OMIT widely different

structure;

jaws;

or lastly, and this is

our

the

climax of difficulty, one set of workers of one size and structure, and →simultaneously another set of workers of a different size and structure;— a graduated series having

been first

first been

formed, as in the case of the driver ant, and then the extreme

forms,

forms

→OMIT having been produced →in greater and greater numbers, through the

natural selection

survival

of the parents which generated

them;

them,

→until none with an intermediate structure were produced.

An analogous explanation has been given by Mr. Wallace, of the equally complex case, of certain Malayan

Butterflies

butterflies

regularly