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1859
1860
1861
1866
1869

the process of artificial 1866 1869 1872
artificial 1859 1860 1861

in contrast with those spontaneously self-fertilised, may, as 1869 1872
may, 1859 1860 1861 1866

Verbascum and Passiflora, can easily be 1869 1872
and with all the species of the genus Hippeastrum, which can be far more easily 1859
and of some other genera, which can be far more easily 1860 1861 1866

from a 1869 1872
of another and 1859 1860 1861 1866

but not by pollen from the same plant, though this pollen can be proved to be perfectly sound by fertilising other plants or species. 1869 1872
than by their own pollen. 1859
than by their own pollen; and all the individuals of nearly all the species of Hippeastrum seem to be in this predicament. 1860 1861 1866

1 blocks not present in 1869 1872; present in 1859 1860 1861 1866
For these plants have been found to yield seed to the pollen of a distinct species, though quite sterile with their own pollen, notwithstanding that their own pollen was found to be perfectly good, for it fertilised distinct species.

with some species, certain abnormal individuals, and in other species 1869 1872
certain individual plants and 1859 1860 1861 1866

OMIT 1869 1872
of certain species 1859 1860 1861 1866

fertilised by pollen from the same individual plant! 1869 1872
self-fertilised! 1859 1860 1861
self-fertilised! For instance, a bulb of Hippeastrum au- licum produced four flowers; three were fertilised by Herbert with their own pollen, and the fourth was subsequently fertilised by the pollen of a compound hybrid descended from three other and distinct species: the result was that "the ovaries of the three first flowers soon ceased to grow, and after a few days perished entirely, whereas the pod impregnated by the pollen of the hybrid made vigorous growth and rapid progress to maturity, and bore good seed, which vegetated freely." 1866

To give one 1869 1872
For 1859 1860 1861

with hybrid pollen of the same kind, their fertility, notwithstanding the frequent ill effects
of
from
manipulation, sometimes decidedly increases, and goes on increasing. Now, in the process of artificial
fertilisation
fertilisation,
pollen is as often taken by chance (as I know from my own experience) from the anthers of another flower, as from the anthers of the flower itself which is to be fertilised; so that a cross between two flowers, though probably
on
often on
the same plant, would be thus effected. Moreover, whenever complicated experiments are in progress, so careful an observer as Gärtner would have castrated his hybrids, and this would have
insured
ensured
in each generation a cross with
the
a
....
pollen from a distinct flower, either from the same plant or from another plant of the same hybrid nature. And thus, the strange fact of
the
an
increase of fertility in the successive generations of artificially fertilised
hybrids
hybrids,
in contrast with those spontaneously self-fertilised, may, as
as I
I
believe, be accounted for by
close
too close
inter-breeding
interbreeding
having been avoided.
Now let us turn to the results arrived at by
the
a
third most experienced hybridiser, namely, the Hon. and Rev. W. Herbert. He is as emphatic in his conclusion that some hybrids are perfectly
fertile—as
fertile—
as
as
fertile as the pure
parent-species—as
parent-species—
as
as
are Kölreuter and Gärtner that some degree of sterility between distinct species is a universal law of nature. He
experimentised
experimented
on some of the very same species as did Gärtner. The difference in their results may, I think, be in part accounted for by Herbert's great horticultural skill, and by his having
hothouses
hot-houses
at his command. Of his many important statements I will here give only a single one as an example, namely, that "every ovule in a pod of Crinum capense
fertilised
fertilized
by C. revolutum produced a plant, which
(he says)
....
I never saw to occur in a case of its natural fecundation." So that
we here
here we
have
perfect,
perfect
or even more than commonly
perfect,
perfect
fertility
fertility,
in a first cross between two distinct species.
This case of the Crinum leads me to refer to a
most
....
singular fact, namely, that
there are
....
individual
plants,
plants
as with
of
certain species of
Lobelia
Lobelia,
Verbascum and Passiflora, can easily be fertilised by
the
....
pollen from a distinct species, but not by pollen from the same plant, though this pollen can be proved to be perfectly sound by fertilising other plants or species. In the genus Hippeastrum, in Corydalis as shown by Professor Hildebrand, in various orchids as shown by Mr. Scott and Fritz
Müller,
Müller,
all the individuals are in this peculiar condition. So that with some species, certain abnormal individuals, and in other species all the
individuals
individuals,
OMIT can actually be hybridised much more readily than they can be fertilised by pollen from the same individual plant! To give one instance, a bulb of Hippeastrum aulicum
produced
pro- duced
four flowers;