Origin of Species Variorum

→ parent-form, 1859 1860 1866 1869 1872

parent form, by 1861

→ resemble more closely 1872

more resemble 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ it is only with mongrels that the offspring are not intermediate in character, but closely resemble 1866 1872

mongrel animals alone are born closely like 1859 1860 1861

it is only with mongrels that the off-spring are not intermediate in character, but closely resemble 1869

→ OMIT 1866 1869 1872

it can be shown that 1859 1860 1861

→ A tendency to 1872

Consequently, 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ also, be much 1872

be 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

Hybrid plants produced from a reciprocal cross, generally resemble each other closely; and so it is with

mongrels

mongrel

from

plants from

a reciprocal cross. Both hybrids and mongrels can be reduced to either pure →parent-form,

repeated crosses in successive generations with either parent.

These several remarks are apparently applicable to animals; but the subject is here

excessively

much

complicated, partly owing to the existence of secondary sexual characters; but more especially owing to prepotency in transmitting likeness running more strongly in one sex than in the other, both when one species is crossed with another, and when one variety is crossed with

an- other

another

variety. For instance, I think those authors are right, who maintain that the ass has a prepotent power over the horse, so that both the mule and the hinny →resemble more closely the ass than the horse; but that the prepotency runs more strongly in the

male-ass

male

than in the

female,

female

ass, so

that the mule, which is the offspring of the

male-ass

male ass

and mare, is more like an ass, than is the hinny, which is the offspring of the female-ass and stallion.

Much stress has been laid by some authors on the supposed fact, that →it is only with mongrels that the offspring are not intermediate in character, but closely resemble one of their parents; but →OMIT this does sometimes occur with

hybrids;

hybrids,

yet I grant much less frequently

with hybrids

with them

....

than with mongrels. Looking to the cases which I have collected of cross-bred animals closely resembling one parent, the resemblances seem chiefly confined to characters almost monstrous in their nature, and which have suddenly

appeared—such

appeared—

~~such~~

such

as albinism, melanism, deficiency of tail or horns, or additional fingers and toes; and do not relate to characters which have been slowly acquired

through

selection. →A tendency to sudden reversions to the perfect character of either parent

would

would,

→also, be much

much more

likely to occur with mongrels, which are descended from varieties often suddenly produced and semi-monstrous in character, than with hybrids, which are descended from species slowly and naturally produced. On the

whole

whole,

I entirely agree with Dr. Prosper Lucas, who, after arranging an enormous body of facts with respect to animals, comes to the conclusion, that the laws of resemblance of the child to its parents are the same, whether the two parents differ

much

little

much

from each other,

namely

namely,

in the union of individuals of the same variety, or of different varieties, or of distinct species.

Laying aside

Independently of

the question of fertility and sterility, in all other respects there seems to be a general and close similarity in the offspring of crossed species, and of crossed varieties. If we look at species as having been specially created, and at varieties as