Origin of Species Variorum

→ migration. 1859 1861 1866 1869 1872

migration. In the coral-producing oceans such sunken islands are now marked, as I believe, by rings of coral or atolls standing over them. 1860

→ In the coral-producing oceans such sunken islands are now marked 1861 1866 1869 1872

In the coral-producing oceans such sunken islands are now marked, 1859

Whenever it is fully admitted, 1860

→ OMIT 1861 1866 1869 1872

as I believe, 1859

as I believe 1860

→ by rings of coral or atolls standing over them. 1859 1861 1866 1869 1872

→ most of our continents which now stand 1869 1872

continents which are now 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ affinity 1866 1869 1872

relation (as we shall hereafter see) 1859 1860 1861

→ mammals inhabiting islands with those 1866 1869 1872

distribution of mammals and the depth 1859 1860 1861

→ nearest continent, being in part determined (as we shall hereafter see) by the depth of the intervening ocean,— 1866 1869 1872

sea,— 1859 1860 1861

→ are 1872

seem to me 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ are likewise 1872

likewise seem to me 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ of such islands favour 1866 1869 1872

favour 1859 1860 1861

→ continental mountain-ranges, some at least of the islands would have been formed, like other 1869 1872

mountain-ranges on the land, some at least of the islands would have been formed, like other 1859 1860 1861

OMIT 1866

→ distribution. I shall here confine myself to plants. 1872

distribution. 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

↑ 1 blocks not present in 1872; present in 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

I shall here confine myself to plants.

→ the greater or less facilities for transport across the sea 1872

for transport across the sea, the greater or less facilities 1859 1860 1861 1866 1869

for plants and for many animals during their →migration. →In the coral-producing oceans such sunken islands are now marked →OMIT →by rings of coral or atolls standing over them. Whenever it is fully admitted, as

I believe

no doubt

....

it will some day be, that each species has proceeded from a single birthplace, and when in the course of time we know something definite about the means of distribution, we shall be enabled to speculate with security on the former extension of the land. But I do not believe that it will ever be proved that within the recent period →most of our continents which now stand quite separate, have been continuously, or almost

continuously,

continuously

united with each other, and with the many existing oceanic islands. Several facts in distribution,— such as the great difference in the marine faunas on the opposite sides of almost every continent,— the close relation of the tertiary inhabitants of several lands and even seas to their present inhabitants,—

a certain

the

degree of →affinity between the →mammals inhabiting islands with those of the →nearest continent, being in part determined (as we shall hereafter see) by the depth of the intervening ocean,— these and other such facts →are opposed to the admission of such prodigious geographical revolutions within the recent period, as are

necessitated

necessary

on the view advanced by Forbes and admitted by his

many

....

followers. The nature and relative proportions of the inhabitants of oceanic islands →are likewise opposed to the belief of their former continuity with continents. Nor does

their

the

almost universally volcanic composition →of such islands favour the admission that they are the wrecks of sunken continents;— if they had originally existed as →continental mountain-ranges, some at least of the islands would have been formed, like other mountain-summits, of granite, metamorphic schists, old fossiliferous

and

other

such

....

rocks, instead of consisting of mere piles of volcanic matter.

I must now say a few words on what are called accidental means, but which more properly

might

should

be called occasional means of →distribution. I shall here confine myself to plants. ↑ In botanical works, this or that plant is

stated

often stated

to be ill adapted for wide dissemination; but →the greater or less facilities for transport across the sea may be said to be almost wholly unknown. Until I tried, with Mr.

Berkeleys

Berkeley's

aid, a few experiments, it was not even known how far seeds could resist the

inju- rious

injurious

action of sea-water. To my surprise I found that out of 87 kinds, 64 germinated after an immersion of 28 days, and a few survived an immersion of 137 days. It deserves notice that certain orders were far more

affected

injured

than others: nine Leguminosæ were tried, and, with one exception, they resisted the salt-water badly; seven species of the allied orders, Hydrophyllaceæ and

Polemoniacæ,

Polemoniaceæ,

were all killed by a

months

month's