Origin of Species Variorum

→ OMIT 1869 1872

from various sources 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ species are few in number, 1869 1872

number of kinds of inhabitants is scanty, 1859 1860 1861

number of the inhabitants is scanty 1866

→ the 1859 1860 1861 1869 1872

in kind, the 1866

→ ( i.e. 1861 1866 1872

( i . e . 1859

( I. e. 1860 1869

→ theoretically expected, 1869 1872

expected on my theory, 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ of time in 1866 1869 1872

in 1859 1860 1861

→ OMIT 1869 1872

with facility and 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ disturbed; and partly on the frequent arrival of unmodified immigrants from the mother-country, with which the insular forms have intercrossed. 1869 1872

disturbed. 1859

disturbed; and partly on the frequent arrival of unmodified immigrants from the mother-country, and the consequent intercrossing with them. 1860 1861

disturbed; and partly on the frequent arrival of un- modified immigrants from the mother-country, and the consequent intercrossing with them. 1866

→ It 1869 1872

With respect to the effects of this intercrossing, it 1860 1861 1866

→ borne in mind 1869 1872

remembered 1860 1861 1866

→ illustrations of the foregoing remarks: 1869 1872

examples: 1860 1861 1866

→ there are 26 land-birds; of these 21 (or perhaps 23) 1866 1869 1872

nearly every land-bird, but only two out of the eleven marine birds, 1860

there are 26 land-birds; of these, 21 (or perhaps 23) 1861

→ whereas of the 11 1861 1866 1869 1872

and it is obvious that 1860

→ only 2 are peculiar; and it is obvious that marine birds could 1861 1869 1872

could 1860

only 2 are peculiar; and it is obvious that marine birds only 2 are peculiar; and it is obvious that marine birds could 1866

→ much more easily and frequently 1869 1872

more easily 1860 1861 1866

↑ 1 blocks not present in 1860 1861 1866 1869 1872; present in 1859

Thus in the Galapagos Islands nearly every land-bird, but only two out of the eleven marine birds, are peculiar; and it is obvious that marine birds could arrive at these islands more easily than land-birds.

→ a single endemic land-bird; 1869 1872

one endemic land bird; 1859

one endemic land-bird; 1860 1861 1866

→ occasionally or even frequently visit 1869 1872

during their great annual migrations, visit either periodically or occasionally 1859 1860 1861

occasionally visit 1866

→ from the neighbouring continents with 1869 1872

by 1859 1860 1861 1866

of the creation of each separate species, will have to

admit,

admit

that a sufficient number of the best adapted plants and animals

have

were

not

been

....

created

for

oceanic islands; for man has unintentionally stocked them →OMIT far more fully and perfectly than

has

did

nature.

Although in oceanic islands the →species are few in number, →the proportion of endemic

species

kinds

→ ( i.e. those found nowhere else in the world) is often extremely large. If we compare, for instance, the number of

the

....

endemic land-shells in Madeira, or of

the

....

endemic birds in the Galapagos Archipelago, with the number found on any continent, and then compare the area of the

islands

island

with that of the continent, we shall see that this is true. This fact might have been →theoretically expected, for, as already explained, species occasionally arriving after long intervals →of time in a new and isolated district, and having to compete with new associates,

will

would

be eminently liable to modification, and

will

would

often produce groups of modified descendants. But it by no means

follows,

follows

that, because in an island nearly all the species of one class are peculiar, those of another class, or of another section of the same class, are peculiar; and this difference seems to depend

partly on

the species which

are

not

become

....

modified having immigrated →OMIT in a body, so that their mutual relations have not been much →disturbed; and partly on the frequent arrival of unmodified immigrants from the mother-country, with which the insular forms have intercrossed. →It should be →borne in mind that the offspring of such crosses would

almost

....

certainly gain in vigour; so that even an occasional cross would produce more effect than might

at first

....

have been

anticipated.

I will

give a few →illustrations of the foregoing remarks: in the Galapagos Islands →there are 26 land-birds; of these 21 (or perhaps 23) are

peculiar;

peculiar,

→whereas of the 11 marine birds →only 2 are peculiar; and it is obvious that marine birds could arrive at these islands →much more easily and frequently than land-birds. ↑ Bermuda, on the other hand, which lies at about the same distance from North America as the Galapagos Islands do from South America, and which has a very peculiar soil, does not possess →a single endemic land-bird; and we know from Mr. J. M.

Joness

Jones's

admirable account of Bermuda, that very many North American

birds,

birds

→occasionally or even frequently visit this island. Almost every year, as I am informed by Mr. E. V. Harcourt, many European and African birds are blown to Madeira; this island is inhabited by 99 kinds, of which one alone is peculiar, though very closely related to a European form; and three or four other species are confined to this island and to the Canaries. So that

these two

the two

the

islands

Islands

of Bermuda and Madeira have been stocked →from the neighbouring continents with birds, which for long