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1859
1860
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1866
1869
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1859
1860
1861
1866
1869

OMIT 1869 1872
from various sources 1859 1860 1861 1866

species are few in number, 1869 1872
number of kinds of inhabitants is scanty, 1859 1860 1861
number of the inhabitants is scanty 1866

the 1859 1860 1861 1869 1872
in kind, the 1866

( i.e. 1861 1866 1872
( i . e . 1859
( I. e. 1860 1869

theoretically expected, 1869 1872
expected on my theory, 1859 1860 1861 1866

of time in 1866 1869 1872
in 1859 1860 1861

OMIT 1869 1872
with facility and 1859 1860 1861 1866

disturbed; and partly on the frequent arrival of unmodified immigrants from the mother-country, with which the insular forms have intercrossed. 1869 1872
disturbed. 1859
disturbed; and partly on the frequent arrival of unmodified immigrants from the mother-country, and the consequent intercrossing with them. 1860 1861
disturbed; and partly on the frequent arrival of un- modified immigrants from the mother-country, and the consequent intercrossing with them. 1866

It 1869 1872
With respect to the effects of this intercrossing, it 1860 1861 1866

borne in mind 1869 1872
remembered 1860 1861 1866

illustrations of the foregoing remarks: 1869 1872
examples: 1860 1861 1866

there are 26 land-birds; of these 21 (or perhaps 23) 1866 1869 1872
nearly every land-bird, but only two out of the eleven marine birds, 1860
there are 26 land-birds; of these, 21 (or perhaps 23) 1861

whereas of the 11 1861 1866 1869 1872
and it is obvious that 1860

only 2 are peculiar; and it is obvious that marine birds could 1861 1869 1872
could 1860
only 2 are peculiar; and it is obvious that marine birds only 2 are peculiar; and it is obvious that marine birds could 1866

much more easily and frequently 1869 1872
more easily 1860 1861 1866

1 blocks not present in 1860 1861 1866 1869 1872; present in 1859
Thus in the Galapagos Islands nearly every land-bird, but only two out of the eleven marine birds, are peculiar; and it is obvious that marine birds could arrive at these islands more easily than land-birds.

a single endemic land-bird; 1869 1872
one endemic land bird; 1859
one endemic land-bird; 1860 1861 1866

occasionally or even frequently visit 1869 1872
during their great annual migrations, visit either periodically or occasionally 1859 1860 1861
occasionally visit 1866

from the neighbouring continents with 1869 1872
by 1859 1860 1861 1866

of the creation of each separate species, will have to
admit,
admit
that a sufficient number of the best adapted plants and animals
have
were
not
been
....
created
on
for
oceanic islands; for man has unintentionally stocked them OMIT far more fully and perfectly than
has
did
nature.
Although in oceanic islands the species are few in number, the proportion of endemic
species
kinds
( i.e. those found nowhere else in the world) is often extremely large. If we compare, for instance, the number of
the
....
endemic land-shells in Madeira, or of
the
....
endemic birds in the Galapagos Archipelago, with the number found on any continent, and then compare the area of the
islands
island
with that of the continent, we shall see that this is true. This fact might have been theoretically expected, for, as already explained, species occasionally arriving after long intervals of time in a new and isolated district, and having to compete with new associates,
will
would
be eminently liable to modification, and
will
would
often produce groups of modified descendants. But it by no means
follows,
follows
that, because in an island nearly all the species of one class are peculiar, those of another class, or of another section of the same class, are peculiar; and this difference seems to depend
on
partly on
the species which
do
are
not
become
....
modified having immigrated OMIT in a body, so that their mutual relations have not been much disturbed; and partly on the frequent arrival of unmodified immigrants from the mother-country, with which the insular forms have intercrossed. It should be borne in mind that the offspring of such crosses would
almost
....
certainly gain in vigour; so that even an occasional cross would produce more effect than might
at first
....
be
have been
anticipated.
To
I will
give a few illustrations of the foregoing remarks: in the Galapagos Islands there are 26 land-birds; of these 21 (or perhaps 23) are
peculiar;
peculiar,
whereas of the 11 marine birds only 2 are peculiar; and it is obvious that marine birds could arrive at these islands much more easily and frequently than land-birds. Bermuda, on the other hand, which lies at about the same distance from North America as the Galapagos Islands do from South America, and which has a very peculiar soil, does not possess a single endemic land-bird; and we know from Mr. J. M.
Joness
Jones's
admirable account of Bermuda, that very many North American
birds,
birds
occasionally or even frequently visit this island. Almost every year, as I am informed by Mr. E. V. Harcourt, many European and African birds are blown to Madeira; this island is inhabited by 99 kinds, of which one alone is peculiar, though very closely related to a European form; and three or four other species are confined to this island and to the Canaries. So that
these two
the two
the
islands
Islands
of Bermuda and Madeira have been stocked from the neighbouring continents with birds, which for long