Origin of Species Variorum

→ there struggled together, and have 1872

struggled together in their former homes, and have 1859 1860 1861 1866

struggled together, and 1869

→ co-adapted. 1872

adapted to each other; and when settled in their new homes, each kind will have been kept by the others to their proper places and habits, and will consequently have been little liable to modification. 1859 1860 1861

adapted to each other; and when settled in their new homes, each kind will have been kept by the others to its proper place and habits, and will consequently have been little liable to modification. 1866

adapted; hence when settled in their new homes, each kind would be kept by the others to its proper place and habits, and would consequently be but little liable to modification. 1869

→ often arriving from 1872

from 1860 1861 1866 1869

→ across three or four hundred miles of open sea far more easily than land-shells. 1869 1872

far more easily than land-shells, across three or four hundred miles of open sea. 1859 1861 1866

far more easily than land- shells, across three or four hundred miles of open sea. 1860

→ nearly parallel cases. 1872

analogous facts. 1859 1860 1861 1866

nearly similar cases. 1869

→ animals of certain whole 1866 1869 1872

certain 1859 1860 1861

→ other classes; thus 1872

the other inhabitants; 1859 1860 1861

animals belonging to other classes; thus 1866

other classes: thus 1869

→ or recently took, the 1869 1872

the 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ Turning to plants, 1869 1872

In the plants of the Galapagos Islands, 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ in the Galapagos Islands the 1869 1872

the 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ All such differences in number, and the absence of certain whole groups of animals and plants, 1872

Such cases 1859 1860 1861

All such cases 1866

All such differences in number, and the absence of certain whole groups of animals and plants on islands, 1869

→ supposed differences in the 1872

the 1859 1860 1861 1866

supposed differences in their 1869

→ of the islands; 1859 1860 1861 1866 1872

OMIT 1869

→ is 1866 1869 1872

seems to me 1859 1860 1861

→ seems to have been fully 1869 1872

I believe, has been at least 1859 1860

seems to have been at least 1861 1866

→ a single mammal, 1869 1872

mammals, 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ that hooks serve for the transportal of seeds in 1872

the adaptation of hooked seeds for transportal by 1859 1860 1861 1866

that hooked seeds are adapted for transportal in 1869

→ But 1869 1872

This case presents no difficulty on my view, for 1859 1860 1861 1866

→ OMIT 1869 1872

but still retaining its hooked seeds, 1859 1860 1861 1866

ages have →there struggled together, and have become mutually →co-adapted. Any tendency to modification

will,

would

will

also,

also

have been

checked by intercrossing with the unmodified

immigrants

immigrants,

→often arriving from the mother-country. Hence when settled in their new homes, each kind will have been kept by the others to its proper place and habits, and will consequently have been but little liable to modification.

Madeira,

Madeira

again,

again

is inhabited by a wonderful number of peculiar land-shells, whereas not one species of sea-shell is

confined

peculiar

to its

shores:

shores;

now, though we do not know how sea-shells are dispersed, yet we can see that their eggs or larvæ, perhaps attached to

sea-weed

seaweed

or floating timber, or to the feet of wading-birds, might be transported →across three or four hundred miles of open sea far more easily than land-shells. The different orders of insects

inhabiting

Madeira

apparently

....

present →nearly parallel cases.

Oceanic islands are sometimes deficient in →animals of certain whole classes, and their places are

apparently

....

occupied by →other classes; thus in the Galapagos Islands reptiles, and in New Zealand gigantic wingless birds,

take

take,

→or recently took, the place of mammals. Although New Zealand is here spoken of as an oceanic island, it is in some degree doubtful whether it should be so ranked; it is of large size, and is not separated from Australia by a profoundly deep

sea:

sea;

from its geological character and the direction of its mountain-ranges, the Rev. W. B. Clarke has lately maintained that this island, as well as New Caledonia, should be considered as appurtenances of Australia. →Turning to plants, Dr. Hooker has shown that →in the Galapagos Islands the proportional numbers of the different orders are very different from what they are elsewhere. →All such differences in number, and the absence of certain whole groups of animals and plants, are generally accounted for by →supposed differences in the physical

conditions;

conditions

→of the islands; but this explanation →is not a little doubtful. Facility of

immigration,

immigration

→seems to have been fully as important as the nature of the conditions.

Many remarkable little facts could be given with respect to the inhabitants of

remote

oceanic

islands. For instance, in certain islands not tenanted by →a single mammal, some of the endemic plants have beautifully hooked seeds;

and

yet